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(Revised) Function

A function is a mathematical rule that transforms an input into an output, exemplified by f(x)=2x. There are various types of functions, including onto (surjective), one-to-one (injective), and into (bijective), with the domain representing all possible inputs and the range representing all possible outputs. Additionally, composite functions combine two functions, while inverse functions reverse the effect of a function, existing only if the function is bijective.

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9 views5 pages

(Revised) Function

A function is a mathematical rule that transforms an input into an output, exemplified by f(x)=2x. There are various types of functions, including onto (surjective), one-to-one (injective), and into (bijective), with the domain representing all possible inputs and the range representing all possible outputs. Additionally, composite functions combine two functions, while inverse functions reverse the effect of a function, existing only if the function is bijective.

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013nepal001
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Chapter: function of one variable

BIT 1ST SEME


A function is a rule that takes an input, does something to it, and gives an output.
Example:
Imagine a machine that doubles any number you put into it.

If you put 2, it gives 4.


If you put 5, it gives 10.
If you put 10, it gives 20.

We can write this function as:

f(x)=2x

Here,

 x is the input.

 f(x) is the output.

 The function multiplies x by 2 to get the output.

Table Example:

x f(x) = 2x
(Input) (Output)

1 2

3 6

7 14

So, a function is like a mathematical machine that follows a specific rule to


change input into output!
Let A and B be two non-empty sets. Then a relation from set A to set B is said to
be a function if every element of A corresponds with a unique element of B

TYPES OF FUNCTION:

Onto function(surjective):

Let A and B be any two non-empty set and f: A→ B .Then f is said to be an onto
function if every element of B is the image of at least one element of A

One to one function(injective):


Let f: A→ B be a function from set A to B then f is said to be one to one function if
different element of A has different images in B

Into function (Bijective): A function is into if there is at least one element in Y that
is not mapped by any element in X

Domain: The domain of a function is the set of all possible input values (usually
represented by x) for which the function is defined.

Range: The range of a function is the set of all possible output values (usually
represented by y) that the function can produce based on its domain. It depends
on the nature of the function and the restrictions on x.

Composite function: A composite function is a function that is formed by applying


one function to the results of another function. Given two functions, say f(x) and
g(x), the composite function (fog) (x)
is defined as (fog)(x) = f(g(x))

Inverse function: An inverse function is a function that reverses the effect of


another function. If a function f maps an input x to an output y, then its inverse
function, denoted as f−1 , maps y back to x. Mathematically, this means:

f(f−1(y)) =yandf−1(f(x)) =x

for all x in the domain of f and all y in the range of f.

Conditions for the Existence of an Inverse Function:

A function f has an inverse if and only if it is bijective, meaning it is both:

 One-to-one (Injective): Each output corresponds to exactly one input.

 Onto (Surjective): The function covers the entire range.

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