West Lafayette Grease Receiving Station

Structural Calculations

Code: I.B.C. 2003 & ACI 318-02

Structural Steel: ASTM A -36

Concrete: fc' = 4500 psi @ 28 days

Reinf. Steel: ASTM 615 Grade 60

Soil bearing pressure: X000 psf (from soils report)

VERTICAL LOADING

Roof/Cover Loading
Dead Load
Roof Covering 3 psf
Insulation/Waterproofing 2 psf
12 in. 150 pcf Reinforced Concrete Slab 150 psf
Fixed Mech. & Elec. Service Equipment 2 psf
Misc. 10 psf
∑= 167 psf

Live Load Light Manufacturing (IBC Table 1607.1)

Average Roof Slope = 0.5 in./ft. 125 psf
Lr = 20R1R2 = 20 * 1 * 1 =
Where R1 = 1.0 (conservative)
R2 = 1.0

Snow Load
S= 0.7ρg*Is*Ce*Ct* = 14 psf (ASCE 7 Sec. 7)
ρg = 20 psf (IBC Fig. 1608.2)
Is = 1.0 psf (IBC Table 1604.5)
Ce = 1.0 psf (IBC Table 1608.3.1)
Ct = 1.0 psf (IBC Table 1608.3.2)
Cs = Not used for roof slopes < 5 deg

2nd Floor Loading

Dead Load
12 inch thick reinforced concrete slab 150 psf
Fixed Mech. & Elec. Service Equipment 2 psf
Fixed Operation Machineries & Equipment 10 psf
Partition 20 psf
Misc. 1.5 psf
∑= 183.5 psf

Live Load
Light Manufacturing (IBC Table 1607.1)
125 psf
Wall Load
12.8 ft. tall by 12.0 in. thick reinforced concrete wall
1912.5 plf
Design of Concrete Slab

Span From Center of Supports l = 36.5 ft.

Slab Thickness h = 14 in.
Concrete Strength fc' = 4,500 psi
Reinforcement Strength fy = 60,000 psi
Reinforcement Bar Size no. 7 @ 12 in. o.c.
Nominal Bar Area As,bar = 0.6 in.2
Clear Cover of reinforcement to slab surface cc = 1 in. (ACI 350-01 7.7.1)
Consider 1' wide unit strips for calculation b = 12 in.
Top of Slab to Centroid of Steel d = 12.6 in.
Flexure Strength Reduction Factor for Tension Control Design Criteria Ф = 0.9 (ACI Code 9.3.2.1)
Shear Strength Reduction Factor Ф = 0.75 (ACI Code 9.3.2.3)

Calculate Demand
Note: For simplicity (and also for conservative design), the beam/slab will be calculated as a simply supported beam w/ maximum positive
moment at center of span. Negative moments at supports will be assumed at 2/3 of maximum positive moment. Top bars will be
spaced at 3/2 the spacing of the bottom bars.

Unfactored Dead Load = D= 90

Unfactored Live Load = L= 0
Factored Load = (1.2D + 1.6L)b/12 = (1.2 * 90 + 1.6 * 0) * 12/12 = wu = 108 plf (ACI Eqn 9-2)
Max. Factored Moment = (wul ) / 8 = 108 * 36.5^2 / 8 =
2
MD+L = 17,985 lb-ft
Max Factored Shear = (wul/2) = 108.0 * 36.5 / 2 = VD+L = 1,971 lb.

Verify design rebar spacing satisfies max allowable rebar spacing requirements per ACI Code 318-05 10.6.4
###
Slimit = – 2.5cc but not greater than 12(40/fs)
fs
Per ACI Code 10.6.4: 60% of specified yield strength = 0.6 * 60ksi = fs = 36 ksi
Max. Rebar Spacing = 540 / 36 – 2.5 * 1 = 12.5 > 2 (40 / 36) = 12.0 Slimit = 12.5 in.

Design Rebar Spacing = 12in. o.c. ≤ Max Allowable Rebar Spacing = 12.5in. o.c. OK

Verify Moment Capacity

ФMn = Ф[f'cbd2ω(1 - 0.59ω)]/12
 Mech. Reinf. Ratio = As/(bd) * fy/f'c = 0.60 * 60000 / (4500 * 12 * 12.6) = ω= 0.053
0.9 * [ 4500 * 12 * 12.6^2 * 0.053 ( 1 - 0.59 * 0.053 ) ] / 12 = ФMn = 32,858 ft-lb

ФMn = 32,858 lb-ft ≥ MD+L = 17,985 lb-ft OK

Verify Shear Capacity

Must satisfy VD+L ≤ ФVn
No stirrup reinforcements in slab, hence ФVn = ФVc
ФVc = Ф2(f'c1/2)bwd = 0.75 * 2 * 4500^½ * 12 * 12.56 = ФVn = 15,170 lb. (ACI Eqn 11-3)

ФVD+L = 1,971 lb. ≤ ФVn = 15,170 lb. OK

Verify Tension Control

Must satisfy ρ=
As
bd
≤ ρb =
0. 85 β 1 f ' c
fy ( ∈cu 29∗10 6
( ∈cu +∈ y )29∗10
6 )
β1 = 0.83 (ACI Code 10.2.7.3)
Concrete Compression Strain Limit Єcu = 0.002 (ACI Sec. 10.3.3)
Steel Tension Strain Limit * Elastic Modulus = (Єy29*10 ) = 6
fy = 60,000 psi
Longitudinal Tension Reinf. Ratio = As/(bd) = 0.60 / (12 * 12.6) = ρ = 0.0040
0.85 * 0.825 * 4500 * 0.002 * 29*10^6 / (60000 (0.002 *29*10^6 + 60000)) = ρb = 0.02585

ρ = 0.0040 ≤ ρb = 0.0259 OK

Verify As Satisfies As,min Requirement Per ACI 318-02 Code 10.5.4 and 7.12.2.1
0 . 0018×60 , 000 ≥
ρ≥ & ρ 0.0014
fy
0.0040 ≥ 0.0018 0.0040 ≥ 0.0014 OK

Verify Serviceability

Check whether service moment exceeds cracking moment

Cracked if: Mservice ≥ Mcr = frIg/yt (ACI Eqn 9-9)

Unfactored Service Moment = (D+L)l 2/8 = (90 + 0) * 36.5^2 / 8 = Mservice = 14,988 ft-lb
Modulus of Rupture = 7.5(f'c) 1/2
= 7.5 * 4500^0.5 = fr = 503 psi (ACI Eqn 9-10)
Moment of Inertia = bh /12 = 12 * 14^3 / 12 =
3
Ig = 2744 in.4
Dist. from centroid to extreme tension fiber = h/2 = 14.0/2 = yt = 7.0 in.
Cracking Moment = (503 * 2,744 / 7.0) / 12 = Mcr = 16,435 ft-lb

Mservice = 14,988 ft-lb ≤ Mcr = 16,435 ft-lb OK

Calculate Effective Inertia per ACI Code 9.5.2.3

Mcr 3 Mcr 3
Ie = ( Mservice
) Ig + [ 1− ( Mservice
) ] Icr but not greater than Ig (ACI Eqn 9-8)

= Icr + ( Ig - Icr ) ( Mcr / Mservice )3

 Unit weight of concrete wc = 150 pcf
Concrete Elastic Modulus = wc 33(f'c)
1.5 1/2
= 150^1.5 * 33(4500)^0.5 = Ec = 4.1E+6 psi (ACI Code 8.5.1)
Modular Ratio (equivalent conc.area per area of steel) = Es/Ec = 29*10^6 / 4.1*10^6 = n = 7.13
k = (c/d ratio) = (2ρn+(ρn)2)1/2 − ρn
= [ 2 * 0.0040 * 7.13 + (0.0040 * 7.13)^2 ]^0.5 − 0.0040 * 7.13 = k = 0.21
Dist. from top of flange to neutral Axis of cracked Section = kd = 0.21 * 12.56 = c = 2.66 in.
Cracked Moment of Inertia = Isteel + Iconc = nAs(d-c)2 + bfc(c/2)2
= 7.13 * 0.6 (12.56 − 2.66)^2 + 12 * 2.66^3 / 4 = Icr = 476 in.4 top bars ignored
Effective Moment of Inertia = 476 + (2,744 − 476) (16,435 / 14,988)^3 = Ie = 2,744 in.4 Can not exceed Ig

Verify Deflection Limit

Must Satisfy Δ = λ5wul 4/(384EcI) ≤ l /360 (ACI Table 9.5(b))

Time Dependent Factor (5 years or more) = ξ = 2.0 (ACI Eqn 9-11)

Sustained Load Creep Factor = ξ/(1+50ρ) = 2 / (1 + 50 * 0.0040) = λ = 1.67 (ACI Eqn 9-11)
Deflection = 1.67 * 5 * 108.0/12 * (36.5*12)^4 / (384 * 4.1*10^6 * 2,744) = Δ = 0.645 in.

Δ = 0.645 in. ≤ l/360 = 36.5 *12 / 360 = 1.217 in. OK

Design of Monolithic Concrete Beam

Design Parameters
x

bf

ts

h d

bw
Clear Span l = 17.5 ft.
Tributary Slab Width Supported by Beam x = 8.6 ft.
Thickness of Slab Supported by beam ts = 12 in.
Beam Depth h = 20 in.
Concrete Strength fc' = 4,500 psi To do list:
Reinforcement Strength fy = 60,000 psi add clear
Bottom Rebar Configuration 4 no. 14 @ 1 row add clear
Reinforcement Area As = 9 in.2
Clear Cover of longitudinal reinforcement to slab surface cc = 2 in. (ACI 350-01 7.7.1)
Web Width of Beam bw = 16 in.
Top of Beam to Centroid of Steel d = 17.15 in.
Stirrup Bar Size no. 3 @ 8 in. spacing
Web Reinforcement (Double Legged Stirrup) = 2 * Nominal Bar Size Av = 0.22 in.2
Flexure Strength Reduction Factor for Tension Control Design Criteria Ф = 0.9 (ACI Code 9.3.2.1)
Shear Strength Reduction Factor Ф = 0.75 (ACI Code 9.3.2.3)

Calculate Demand
Note: For simplicity (and also for conservative design), the beam/slab will be calculated as a simply supported beam w/ maximum
positive moment at center of span. Negative moments at supports will be assumed at 2/3 of maximum positive moment. Therefore,
As required for top rebars is 2/3 that of the As required for bottom rebars.
 Dead Load
Dead Load Supported Above Beam D1 = 240 psf
Self Weight of Beam = wcbw(h–ts)/122 = ### * 16 * ( 20 − 12 ) / 144 = D2 = 133.3 plf
Total Dead Load = LD1 + D2/x = 240 + 133.3 / 8.6 = D = 255.5 psf
Factored Dead Load Moment = 1.2[(Dx)l /8] = 1.2 * [ (255.5 * 8.6) * 17.5^2 / 8 ] =
2
MD = 100,940 ft-lb
Factored Dead Load Shear = 1.2[(Dx)l /2] =1.2 * [ (255.5 * 8.6) * 17.5 / 2 ] = VD = 23,072 lb.

Load Effects due to dead load and uniformly distributed live load
Unreduced Live Load L0 = 125.0 psf (ASCE 7-02 Table 4-1)
Reduced Live Load = L0[0.25 + 15/(KLLAT) ] for members where KLLAT ≥ 400 ft.
1/2 2
(ASCE 7-02 Eqn 4-1)
Live Load Element Factor for interior beams KLL = 2.0 (ASCE 7-02 Table 4-2)
Tributary Area = lx = 17.5 * 8.6 = AT = 150.5 ft. 2

2 * 150.5 = 301.0sqft. < 400sqft. (live load reduction not permitted)

Factored Load = x (1.2D + 1.6L) = 8.6 * (1.2 * 255.5 + 1.6 * 125.0) = wu = 4,356.8 plf (ACI Eqn 9-2)
Factored Total Moment = (wu * l ) / 8 = 4356.8 * 17.5^2 / 8 =
2
MD+L = 166,784 ft-lb
Factored Total Shear = (wul /2) = 4,356.8 * 17.5 / 2 = VD+L = 38,122 lb.

Load Effects due to dead load and concentrated live load

Concentrated Live Load P = 2,000 lb. (ASCE 7-02 Table 4-1)
Factored Live Load Moment = 1.6(Pl /4) = 1.6 * (2000 * 17.5) / 4 = ML = 14,000 ft-lb
Factored Total Moment = MD + ML = 100,940 + 14,000 = MD+L = 114,940 ft-lb
Factored Live Load Shear = 1.6P/2 = 1.6 * 2000 / 2 = VL = 1,600 lb.
Factored Total Shear = VD + VL = 23,072 + 1600 = VD+L = 24,672 lb.

Largest Load Effects Govern

Governing Factored Design Moment MD+L = 166,784 ft-lb
Governing Factored Design Shear VD+L = 38,122 lb.

Verify As Satisfies As,min requirement per ACI 318 eqn 10-3

3 √f c '
As ≥ bw d and A s ≥ 200 bd / f y
fy
9.00 in.2 ≥ 0.92056 in.2 9 in.2 ≥ 0.91486 in.2 OK

Verify Moment Capacity

Note: Although the particular beam is a monolithic beam, it will not be designed as a T-beam. For conservative analysis, the moment
calculations will not consider the added compression zone provided by the T-beam flange extending beyond the web.
The added moment capacity from the additional flange area is generally insignificant.

ФMn = Ф[f'cbwd2ω(1 – 0.59ω)]/12

Mechanical Reinf. Ratio = As/(bwd) * fy/f'c = 9.00 * 60000 / (4500 * 16 * 17.2) = ω = 0.437
0.9 * [ 4500 * 16 * 17.2^2 * 0.437 ( 1 – 0.59 * 0.437 ) ] / 12 = ФMn = 515,513 ft-lb

ФMn = 515,513 ft-lb ≥ MD+L = 166,784 ft-lb OK

Verify Shear Capacity

Must satisfy VD+L ≤ ФVn
Shear Capacity = ФVn = ФVc + ФVs
 Check if stirrups are required (Stirrups are required when VD+L ≥ ½ФVc) per ACI Code 11.5.5.1
Conc. Shear Str. = Ф2(f'c1/2)bwd = 0.75 * 2 * 4500^½ * 16 * 17.15 = ФVc = 27,617 lb. (ACI Eqn 11-3)
VD+L = 38,122 lb. ≥ ½ФVc = 13,808 lb. Stirrups Required
Note: The following calculations reflect vertical stirrup configuration
Required Web Reinf. Strength ≥ VD+L/Ф – Vc = 38,122 / 0.75 – 27,617 / 0.75 = Vs,reqd = 14,007 lb.
For no. 3 stirrups, Avfyd / Vs,reqd = 0.22 * 60000 * 17.2 / 14,007 = sreqd = 16.2 in. (ACI Eqn 11-15)

Determine maximum stirrup spacing

ACI Code requires max spacing = smaller of {d/2 = 17.2/2 = 8.6in.} or {24in.} (ACI Code 11.5.4.1)
ACI Code requires the above max. spacing reduced by half if Vs,reqd ≥ 4(f'c) bd 1/2
(ACI Code 11.5.4.3)
Vs,reqd = 14,007 lb. ≤ 4 * 4,500^0.5 * 16 * 17.2 = 73,645 lb. (no reduction) smax = 8.6 in.
s ≤ Avfy / 0.75(fc') bw =
1/2
0.22 * 60000 / (0.75 * (4500)^0.5 * 16) = smax = 16.4 in. (ACI Eqn 11-13)
And shall not be less than s = Avfy / 50bw = smax = 16.5 in. (ACI Code 11.5.5.3)
The smallest of the above calculated smax governs smax = 8.6 in.
s = 8 in. ≤ smax = 8.6 in. OK

Check crack control limit per ACI Code 11.5.6.9

Shear Str. of no. 3 @ 8 in. = Avfyd/s = 0.22 * 60000 * 17.15 / 8 = Vs = 28,304 lb.
ACI Code limit for web reinf. str. = 8(f'c)1/2bwd = 8 (4500)^ * 16 * 17.2 = Vs,limit = 147,290 lb.
Vs = 28,304 lb. ≤ Vs,limit = 147,290 lb. OK

Verify shear demand does not exceed capacity

Shear Capacity = ФVc +ФVs = 27,617 + 0.75 * 28,304 = ФVn = 48,845 lb.
ФVD+L = 38,122 lb. ≤ ФVn = 48,845 lb. OK

Determine location away from supports where smax can be used

Distance from end supports where max spacing can be used = l /2 – Avfyd/(wusmax)
Required Spacing ≥ Max Allowed Spacing, therefore stirrup spacing ≤ 8.6in. can be used throughout

Verify Tension Control

Must satisfy ρ=
As
bd
≤ ρb =
0 . 85 β 1 f ' c
f y ( ∈cu 29∗106
( ∈cu +∈ y ) 29∗10
6 ) β1 = 0.83 (ACI Code 10.2.7.3)
Concrete Compression Strain Limit Єcu = 0.002 (ACI Sec. 10.3.3)
Steel Tension Strain Limit * Steel Elastic Modulus = (Єy29*106) = fy = 60,000 psi
Longitudinal Tension Reinf. Ratio = As/(bwd) = 9.00 / (16 * 17.2) = ρ = 0.0328
0.85 * 0.825 * 4500 * 0.002 * 29*10^6 / (60000 (0.002 *29*10^6 + 60000)) = ρb = 0.025851

ρ = 0.0328 ≥ ρb = 0.0259 NO GOOD

Verify Serviceability

Check whether service moment exceeds cracking moment

Note: Although uncracked sections ensure minimum deflection and are ideal, it is often impractical to design for uncracked sections
Cracked if: Mservice ≥ Mcr = frIg/yt

Unfactored Service Moment = (D+L)l 2/8 = [ (255.5 + 125) * 8.6 ] * 17.5^2 / 8 = Mservice = 125,269 ft-lb
 Compression Flange Width is the smaller of {l/4=53in. 8t=96in. x/2=52in.} bf = 51.60 in. (ACI Code 8.10.2)
Distance from Top of Flange to Centroid ycom = 7.7 in. (calcs not shown)
Modulus of Rupture = 7.5(f'c) 1/2
= 7.5 * 4500^0.5 = fr = 503 psi (ACI Eqn 9-10)
Gross Conc. Inertia = bfts /12 + bfts(ycom–ts/2) + bw(h–ts) /12 + bw(h–ts)(h/2+ts/2–ycom) =
3 2 3 2
Ig = 18,720 in.4 (calcs not shown)
Dist. from Centroid to Extreme Tension Fiber = h – ycom = 20 – 7.7 = yt = 12.3 in.
Cracking Moment = (503 * 18,720 / 12.3) / 12 = Mcr = 63,879 ft-lb (ACI Eqn 9-9)

MD+L = 125,269 ft-lb ≥ Mcr = 63,879 ft-lb CRACKED, Effective Inertia ≤ Gross Conc. Inertia

Calculate Effective Inertia per ACI Code 9.5.2.3

Mcr 3 Mcr 3
Ie = ( Mservice ) Ig + 1− [ ( Mservice ) ] Icr but not greater than Ig (ACI Eqn 9-8)

= Icr + ( Ig - Icr ) ( Mcr / Mservice )3

Concrete Elastic Modulus = wc1.533(f'c)1/2 = 150^1.5 * 33(4500)^0.5 = Ec = 4.1E+6 psi (ACI Code 8.5.1)
Modular Ratio (equivalent conc. area per area steel) = Es/Ec = 29*10^6 / 4.1*10^6 = n = 7.13
k = (c/d ratio) = (2ρn+(ρn) ) − ρn 2 1/2

= [ 2 * 0.0328 * 7.13 + (0.0328 * 7.13)^2 ]^0.5 − 0.0328 * 7.13 = k = 0.49

Dist. from top of flange to neutral Axis of cracked Section = kd = 0.49 * 17.15 = c = 8.39 in.
Cracked Moment of Inertia = Isteel + Iconc = nAs(d-c)2 + bfc(c/2)2
= 7.13 * 9 (17.15 − 8.39)^2 + 51.60 * 8.39^3 / 4 = Icr = 12,542 in.4 top bars ignored
Effective Moment of Inertia = 12,542 + (18,720 − 12,542) (63,879 / 125,269)^3 = Ie = 13,361 in.4

Verify Deflection Limit

Must Satisfy Δ = λ5wul 4/(384EcI) ≤ l/360 (ACI Table 9.5(b))

Time Dependent Factor (5 years or more) = ξ = 2.0 (ACI Eqn 9-11)

Sustained Load Creep Factor = ξ/(1+50ρ) = 2 / (1 + 50 * 0.0328) = λ = 0.76 (ACI Eqn 9-11)
Deflection = 0.76 * 5 * 4,357/12 * (17.5*12)^4 / (384 * 4.1*10^6 * 13,361) = Δ = 0.128 in.

Δ = 0.128 in. ≤ l/360 = 17.5 *12 / 360 = 0.583 in. OK

To do list:
add clear cover for top and bottom same
add clear cover for stirrups
ble 4-1)

ble 4-2)

ble 4-1)
 PROJECT : West Lafayette Digester Control Building PAGE :
CLIENT : DESIGNED BY : Doug Lee
JOB NO. : DATE : REVIEWED BY :
Interior Column Design Based on IBC 2003 & ACI 318-02

lo

column made
transparent to show
cross section

l longitudinal
reinforcement

stirups

GENERIC
To do list: COLUMN
add load condition with axial load only lo CONFIGURATION
add ACI Fig. R7.10.5
add 7.10.5.4 and include fig 11-29 on pg 455 of Conc text
add text to determine code used for tie spacing h

DESIGN PARAMETERS
Concrete Strength fc' = 4.5 ksi
Rebar Strength fy = 60 ksi
Column Clear Height l = 13 ft
Column Width b = 12 in
Column Depth h = 12 in
Dead Load (Concentrated) PD = 100 kips P

Live Load (Concentrated) PL = 50 kips M

Earthquake Load (Lateral Only) E = 0 kips V

Self Weight of Column = 0.15*h*(x*y/144) Pc = 1.9 kips

Clear Cover of Rebars CRebar = 2 in.
Nominal Rebar Size As,rebar = 0.44 in.2
typical column
 P

M
V

Clear Cover of Ties CTie = 1.5 in. typical column

Nominal Tie Size As,tie = 0.2 in.2

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCING
SECTION TOP BOTTOM
Along b 2 # 6 2 # 6
(d = 9.63 in ) (d = 9.63 in )
( 1 Layer) ( 1 Layer) Elevation View
Along h 2 # 6 2 # 6
(d = 9.63 in ) (d = 9.63 in )
( 1 Layer) ( 1 Layer)

TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT FOR CONFINEMENT

1 # 4 ties @ 4.0 in. o.c. within a distance lo = 26.0 in. from joint faces (ACI 318-02 7.10.5)
1 # 4 ties @ 4.5 in. o.c. at greater than lo = 26.0 in. away from joint faces (ACI 318-02 7.10.5)

DESIGN CRITERIA
Column not to contribute to lateral resistance but affected by lateral displacement, IBC 1617.6.2.4.3 & ACI Code 21.11 apply.

DESIGN LOADS AT TOP OF COLUMN

Load Combination 1
U1 = 1.4 D , (IBC Eqn 16-1)
Pu = 1.4 PD = 140.0 kips Mu = 0.0 ft-kips
Vu = 0.0 kips
Load Combination 2
U2 = 1.2 D + 1.6 L , (IBC Eqn 16-2)
Pu = 1.2PD + 1.6PL = 200.0 kips Mu = 0.0 ft-kips
Vu = 0.0 kips
Load Combination 3
U3 = 1.2 D + 1.0 E + f1 L , (CBC 1909.2.1)
Pu = 1.2 PD + f1 PL= 170.0 kips Mu = 1.0 E h = 0.0 ft-kips
Vu = E = 0.0 kips f1 = 1.0

DETERMINE INDUCED MOMENT IN THE COLUMN

3 EI
M Δ= Δ+ PΔ= 36.7 ft-kips (modeled as cantilever)
ℓ2
Note: 3EI/h2 is the moment caused by the lateral deflection due to lateral forces and PΔ is the moment due to vertical forces under the same deflection

where Ec = 57000 (fc')0.5 = 3,824 ksi ACI 318-02 8.5.1

Ic = b h3 / 12 = 1,728 in4
 EI = 0.25 Ec Ic = 1,651,828 k-in2 ACI 318-02 Commentary R10.12.3
D = 0.007 l = 1.092 in. IBC 1617.3.1, Table 1617.3.1, 1617.5.4
P = max of (140, 200, 170) = 200 kips

CHECK CAPACITY SUBJECTED TO BENDING AND AXIAL LOAD

Pu,top = Pu Pu,bot = Pu,top + (Dead Load factor)*Pc

Mu+Δ,top = Mu + MΔ Mu+Δ,bot = Mu+Δ,top (for Load Combination 1 & 2)
Mu+Δ,bot = Mu+Δ,top + E h (for Load Combination 3)

LOADING U1,top U1,bot U2,top U2,bot U3,top U3,bot

Pu (kips) 140.0 142.7 200.0 202.3 170.0 172.3
Mu+Δ (ft-kips) 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7
Cm = 0.6 + 0.4 M1/M2 ≥ 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 (ACI Eqn 10-13)
Pc = π2EI/(kl)2 (Kips) 167 167 167 167 167 167 (ACI Eqn 10-10)
dns = Cm/[1-Pu/(0.75Pc)] ≥ 1.0 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 (ACI Eqn 10-9)
MC = dnsMu+Δ (ft-kips) 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 (ACI Eqn 10-8)
where Pc = Critical Load
dns = Moment Manification Factor
MC = dnsMu+Δ (ft-kips) Maximum Bending Moment

-
(f t
)
on
si

}
05
es

2)
}
pr

.0

-d
-0
m
co

2
≤

h/
1
=

2(
єs
s

Fs
if
po
ns y )

.9

+
te Z є
n,

=0

1)
= cu -
io

-d
s)

{Φ

s)
є

ip
l u 1 /(

2
ip
(k

h/
va єcu d

.)

05

(k
( in

1(
b)

.0

Fs
e

c)
(a
=

-0

)+
c
c

c')
β1

>

+
/c

/2
5f
eg s

1
e

cu

2
єs
=

-a
( n Ax i

.8
iv

Fs
s)
)

)
)є

SI

SI

(0
at

>
ip
d2

2
(K

(K

k
l

єy
(k
Zє ra

h/
=
oc
-

s1
(c

-
= eut

(F

c(
c

if
C
bl

{C
=

s2
s

Φ
1E

2E

1
*A
єs o n

ss
y

єs
=
2

s)

Φ
єs

єs

єs

83

=
c ')

tr e
ip
l= et

e
l=

5f

=
et

8-
(k
=

n
rs
c

P
.8
1

)
ee

nr

.4
St n f a

si

n
Φ
la
fs1

s2

M
-0

=0
0p
s1
St

gu

Φ
C

ity
A
io sio

{Φ
00
ee

ee

2
on
ee

an

in
(fs
fs1

ac

ity
ns res

/1
St

St
si

e
ct
=

p
y}

ac
fc '

rc
es

re

a
-є
n

n
Te p

s1

s2
n

5(

Fo

C
io

io

ap
of com

lF

lF
pr

v.

≥
.0
ns

ns

ve
om

C
ee

ee

ui

ve

1
-0

єs
Te

Te

si
eq

) nt
ra rom

St

St

si
C

if

es
05

es

ps e
in

in

of
of

5
in

in

ki om
pr
f

1.

.6
pr
ss

ss
th

th
in

in

=0

om
om
=
rc

rc

M
ep

ra

re

re

ep

Z values 1
Fo

Fo

{Φ
St

St

St

St

β1
D

C
-5.55 1.43 -0.0115 -0.0013 -60.0 -38.5 -52.8 -37.2 0.825 1.18 54.07 0.90 -32.37 26.17
-5 1.56 -0.0103 -0.0010 -60.0 -30.3 -52.8 -30.1 0.825 1.29 59.05 0.90 -21.43 29.90
-4 1.87 -0.0083 -0.0005 -60.0 -15.5 -52.8 -17.0 0.825 1.55 70.94 0.90 0.99 37.53
 -3 2.35 -0.0062 0.0000 -60.0 -0.7 -52.8 -4.0 0.825 1.94 88.82 0.90 28.81 46.79
-2 3.14 -0.0041 0.0005 -60.0 14.1 -52.8 9.0 0.825 2.59 118.76 0.82 61.75 53.73
-1 4.73 -0.0021 0.0010 -60.0 28.9 -52.8 22.1 0.825 3.90 179.15 0.65 96.46 53.98
-0.5 6.34 -0.0010 0.0013 -30.0 36.3 -26.4 28.6 0.825 5.23 240.22 0.65 157.55 54.82
-0.25 7.65 -0.0005 0.0014 -15.0 40.0 -13.2 31.8 0.825 6.31 289.58 0.65 200.33 53.47
0 9.63 0.0000 0.0015 0.0 43.7 0.0 35.1 0.825 7.94 364.47 0.65 259.71 46.96
0.1 10.74 0.0002 0.0016 6.0 45.2 5.3 36.4 0.825 8.86 406.53 0.65 291.32 40.71
0.15 11.39 0.0003 0.0016 9.0 45.9 7.9 37.0 0.825 9.40 431.42 0.65 309.64 36.11
0.26 13.17 0.0005 0.0016 15.6 47.5 13.7 38.5 0.825 10.86 498.57 0.65 358.00 20.22
1
Z values are arbitrarily adjusted to achieve typical interaction diagram shape Compressive Capacity = fPn = 0.8f[0.85fc'(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] = 363.81 0.00
where ,
d1 = 9.63 in. distance from centroid of tension steel to compressive face
d2 = 2.38 in. distance from centroid of compressive steel to compressive
As1 = 0.88 in. steel cross sectional area in tension layer (note: reinforcing along h face not considered, for added conservative design)
As2 = 0.88 in. steel cross sectional area in compression layer (note: reinforcing along h face not considered, for added conservative design)
b= 12 in. width of column
h= 12 in. depth of column
Φ = 0.7 for pure compression
Ag = 144 in.2 slab thickness * width of slab
Ast = 1.76 in.2 total reinforcing steel per 1 ft. cross section under pure compression (note: reinforcing along h face not considered, for added conservative design)
єy = 0.0021 Yield Strain of Steel = fy/Es
єcu = 0.002 Concrete Compressive Strain Limit (ACI Code 10.3.3)
400.0
INTERACTION DIAGRAM Boundary Limits
350.0
Load Case 1
300.0 Load Case 2
250.0
Load Case 3

200.0

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
-50.0

-100.0

DETERMINE INDUCED SHEAR IN COLUMN

VΔ = ( 3EI / l 3 ) Δ = 1.4 kip

DETERMINE TOTAL DESIGN SHEAR FORCE (ACI 318-02 21.4.5)

Vtotal,1 = Max(Vu from above combinations) + VΔ = 1.4 kips
Vtotal,2 = Max(Mu/l from above combinations) + VΔ = 1.4 kips
 Vtotal = Max(Vtotal,1, Vtotal,2) + VΔ = 1.4 kips

DETERMINE TIE SPACING

Determine max tie spacing at joint face:
smax1 = 1/4 * min(b,h) = 3.0 in. (ACI 318-02 21.4.4.2)
smax2 = 6 * Rebar Diameter = 4.5 in. (ACI 318-02 21.4.4.2)
smax3 = 4 + (14-hx)/3 = 4.7 in. (ACI 318-02 21.4.4.2)
smax4 = 6.0 in. (ACI 318-02 21.4.4.2)
smax = min(smax1, smax2, smax3, smax4) but not less than 4.0in. = 4.0 in.
Maximum spacing of 4.0 in. shall be used within a distance from the joint face no less than the following:
Depth of the column at joint face or at section where flexural yielding is most likely to occur = max(b, h) = lo1 = 12.0 in. (ACI 318-02 21.4.4.4)
(1/6) * l = lo2 = 26.0 in. (ACI 318-02 21.4.4.4)
lo3 = 18.0 in. (ACI 318-02 21.4.4.4)
max( lo1, lo2, lo3 ) = lo = 26.0 in.
Determine max tie spacing at distance greater than lo from joint faces:
min{ (6 * diameter of smallest rebar), 6in. } = smax = 4.5 in. (ACI 318-02 21.11.2.2)
(Note: ACI 318-02 Code 21.5.2.1 requires transverse hoop reinforcement to be provided within the joint, unless the joint is confined by structural members specified in 21.5.2.2

CHECK CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF TIE (ACI 318-05 21.4.4.1)

Ash,max1 = 0.09 s hc fc' / fyh = 0.23 in.2
Ash,max2 = 0.3 s hc ( Ag/Ach - 1 ) fc' / fyh = 0.60 in.2
where,
hc = c1 - 2Cover - dt = 8.5 in.
Ach = (b-3)(h-3) = 81.0 in2
Ash,provided = 0.4 in.2 > Min( Ash,max1, Ash,max2 ) = 0.23 in.2 [Satisfactory]

CHECK SHEAR STRENGTH

Vc = 2[1 + Nu/(2000Ag)](fc')1/2bwd = 19.3 kips (ACI 318-02 Eqn 11-4)
Vs = Avfyd/s = 57.8 kips (ACI 318-02 Eqn 11-15)
ФVn = Ф(Vc + Vs) = 0.7(Vc + Vs) = 54.0 kips
Vtotal = 1.4 kips < ФVn = 54.0 kips [Satisfactory]

CHECK LONGITUDINAL REINFORCING RATIOS

ρtotal = 0.012 > rmin = 0.010 [Satisfactory] (ACI 318-02 21.4.3.1)
< rmax = 0.060 [Satisfactory] (ACI 318-02 21.4.3.1)
ρtension = As,tension/(bd) = 0.007619 > rmin = 0.003354 [Satisfactory] (ACI 318-02 10.5.1)
 > rmin = 0.003333 [Satisfactory] (ACI 318-02 10.5.1)

CHECK LONGITUDINAL BAR SPACING AND TRANSVERSE HOOP CONFIGURATION PER ACI 7.10.5.3
Ties shall be arranged such that every corner and alternate longitudinal bar shall have lateral support provided by the corner of a tie
[Manually Verify] (ACI 318-02 7.5.3)
Clear spacing of longitudinal bars along column face not supported by a corner tie shall not exceed 6 in.
Clear Spacing along b 6.5 in. > 6 in. [Manually Verify Using ACI 318-02 Fig. R7.10.5] (ACI 318-02 7.5.3)
Clear Spacing along h 6.5 in. > 6 in. [Manually Verify Using ACI 318-02 Fig. R7.10.5] (ACI 318-02 7.5.3)

DETERMINE SEISMIC TENSION DEVELOPMENT

 db f 
L dh MAX  , 8d b , 6 in   14 db
y
Development Length for a bar with a 90º hook within joint face = 10.3 in. (ACI 318-02 21.5.4.1)
 65 f ' 
 c 

Development Length and Class A Splice Length for straight bars L d MAX 3.5L dh , 12 in   48 db = 36.1 in. (ACI 318-02 21.5.4.2, 12.15.1)
longitudinal bar diameter db = 0.75 in.
Coating Factor (1.2 for epoxy coated) b = 1.0 (ACI 318-02 21.5.4.4 & 12.2.4)
Design of Monolithic Concrete Beam

Design Parameters

to be completed
include aci 21.10.3.1-4

Span l = 17.5 ft.

Tributary Slab Width Supported by Beam x = 11 ft.
Thickness of Slab Supported by beam ts = 12 in.
Beam Depth h = 20 in.
Concrete Strength fc' = 4,500 psi
Reinforcement Strength fy = 60,000 psi
Bottom Rebar Configuration 5 no. 6 @ 1 row
Reinforcement Area As = 2.2 in.2
Web Width of Beam bw = 16 in.
Top of Beam to Centroid of Steel d = 18.63 in.
Stirrup Bar Size no. 4 @ 7 in. spacing
Nominal Bar Size of Web Reinforcement (Stirrup) Av = 0.20 in.2
Flexure Strength Reduction Factor for Tension Control Design Criteria Ф = 0.9 (ACI Code 9.3.2.1)
Shear Strength Reduction Factor Ф = 0.75 (ACI Code 9.3.2.3)

Calculate Demand
Note: For simplicity (and also for conservative design), the beam/slab will be calculated as a simply supported beam w/ maximum
positive moment at center of span. Negative moments at supports will be assumed at 2/3 of maximum positive moment. Therefore,
As required for top rebars is 2/3 that of the As required for bottom rebars.

Dead Load
Dead Load Supported Above Beam D1 = 183.5 psf
Self Weight of Beam = wcbw(h–ts)/122 = ### * 16 * ( 20 − 12 ) / 144 = D2 = 133.3 plf
Total Dead Load = LD1 + D2/x = 183.5 + 133.3 / 11 = D = 195.6 psf
Factored Dead Load Moment = 1.2[(Dx)l /8] = 1.2 * [ (195.6 * 11) * 17.5^2 / 8 ] =
2
MD = 97,273 ft-lb
Factored Dead Load Shear = 1.2[(Dx)l /2] = 1.2 * [ (195.6 * 11) * 17.5 / 2 ] = VD = 22,594 lb.

Load Effects due to dead load and uniformly distributed live load
Unreduced Live Load L0 = 125.0 psf (ASCE 7-02 Table 4-1)
Reduced Live Load = L0[0.25 + 15/(KLLAT) ] for members where KLLAT ≥ 400 ft.
1/2 2
(ASCE 7-02 Eqn 4-1)
Live Load Element Factor for interior beams KLL = 2.0 (ASCE 7-02 Table 4-2)
Tributary Area = lx = 17.5 * 11 = AT = 192.5 ft. 2
 2 * 192.5 = 385.0sqft. < 400sqft. (live load reduction not permitted)
Factored Load = x (1.2D + 1.6L) = 11 * (1.2 * 195.6 + 1.6 * 125.0) = wu = 4,782.2 plf (ACI Eqn 9-2)
Factored Total Moment = (wu * l ) / 8 = 4782.2 * 17.5^2 / 8 =
2
MD+L = 183,069 ft-lb
Factored Total Shear = (wul /2) = 4,782.2 * 17.5 / 2 = VD+L = 41,844 lb.

Load Effects due to dead load and concentrated live load

Concentrated Live Load P = 2,000 lb. (ASCE 7-02 Table 4-1)
Factored Live Load Moment = 1.6(Pl /4) = 1.6 * (2000 * 17.5) / 4 = ML = 14,000 ft-lb
Factored Total Moment = MD + ML = 97,273 + 14,000 = MD+L = 111,273 ft-lb
Factored Live Load Shear = 1.6P/2 = 1.6 * 2000 / 2 = VL = 1,600 lb.
Factored Total Shear = VD + VL = 22,594 + 1600 = VD+L = 24,194 lb.

Largest Load Effects Govern

Governing Factored Design Moment MD+L = 183,069 ft-lb
Governing Factored Design Shear VD+L = 41,844 lb.

Verify As Satisfies As,min requirement per ACI 318 eqn 10-3

2.20 in.2 ≥ 0.99956 in.2 2.2 in.2 ≥ 0.99337 in.2 OK

Verify Moment Capacity

Note: Although the particular beam is a monolithic beam, it will not be designed as a T-beam. For conservative analysis, the moment
calculations will not consider the added compression zone provided by the T-beam flange extending beyond the web.
The added moment capacity from the additional flange area is generally insignificant.

ФMn = Ф[f'cbwd2ω(1 – 0.59ω)]/12

Mechanical Reinf. Ratio = As/(bwd) * fy/f'c = 2.20 * 60000 / (4500 * 16 * 18.6) = ω = 0.098
0.9 * [ 4500 * 16 * 18.6^2 * 0.098 ( 1 – 0.59 * 0.098 ) ] / 12 = ФMn = 173,687 ft-lb

ФMn = 173,687 ft-lb ≤ MD+L = 183,069 ft-lb NO GOOD

Verify Shear Capacity

Must satisfy VD+L ≤ ФVn
Shear Capacity = ФVn = ФVc + ФVs

Check if stirrups are required (Stirrups are required when VD+L ≥ ½ФVc) per ACI Code 11.5.5.1
Conc. Shear Str. = Ф2(f'c1/2)bwd = 0.75 * 2 * 4500^½ * 16 * 18.63 = ФVc = 29,987 lb. (ACI Eqn 11-3)
VD+L = 41,844 lb. ≥ ½ФVc = 14,993 lb. Stirrups Required
Note: Following calculations reflect vertical stirrup configuration
Required Web Reinf. Strength ≥ VD+L/Ф – Vc = 41,844 / 0.75 – 29,987 = Vs,reqd = 25,805 lb.
For no. 4 stirrups, (2Av)fyd/Vs,reqd = (2 * 0.2) * 60000 * 18.6 / 25,805 = sreqd = 17.3 in. (ACI Eqn 11-15)

Determine maximum stirrup spacing

ACI Code requires max spacing = smaller of {d/2 = 18.6/2 = 9.3in.} or {24in.} (ACI Code 11.5.4.1)
ACI Code requires the above max. spacing reduced by half if Vs,reqd ≥ 4(f'c)1/2bd (ACI Code 11.5.4.3)
Vs,reqd = 25,805 lb. ≤ 4 * 4,500^0.5 * 16 * 18.6 = 79,965 lb. (no reduction) smax = 9.3 in.
s ≤ Avfy / 0.75(fc') bw = (2*)0.2) * 60000 / (0.75 * (4500)^0.5 * 16) =
1/2
smax = 29.8 in. (ACI Eqn 11-13)
 And shall not be less than s = (2Av)fy / 50bw = smax = 30.0 in. (ACI Code 11.5.5.3)
The smallest of the above calculated smax governs smax = 9.3 in.
s = 7 in. ≤ smax = 9.3 in. OK

Check crack control limit per ACI Code 11.5.6.9

Shear Str. of no. 4 @ 7 in. = Avfyd/s = 2.20 * 60000 * 18.63 / 7 = Vs = 31,930 lb.
ACI Code limit for web reinf. str. = 8(f'c)1/2bwd = 8 (4500)^ * 16 * 18.6 = Vs,limit = 159,930 lb.
Vs = 31,930 lb. ≤ Vs,limit = 159,930 lb. OK

Verify shear demand does not exceed capacity

Shear Capacity = ФVc +ФVs = 29,987 + 0.75 * 31,930 = ФVn = 53,934 lb.
ФVD+L = 41,844 lb. ≤ ФVn = 53,934 lb. OK

Determine location away from supports where smax can be used

Distance from end supports where max spacing can be used = l /2 – 2Avfyd/(wusmax)
Required Spacing ≥ Max Allowed Spacing, therefore stirrup spacing ≤ 9.3in. can be used throughout

Verify Tension Control

Must satisfy

β1 = 0.83 (ACI Code 10.2.7.3)

Concrete Compression Strain Limit Єcu = 0.002 (ACI Sec. 10.3.3)
Steel Tension Strain Limit * Steel Elastic Modulus = (Єy29*106) = fy = 60,000 psi
Longitudinal Tension Reinf. Ratio = As/(bwd) = 2.20 / (16 * 18.6) = ρ = 0.0074
0.85 * 0.825 * 4500 * 0.002 * 29*10^6 / (60000 (0.002 *29*10^6 + 60000)) = ρb = 0.025851

ρ = 0.0074 ≤ ρb = 0.0259 OK

Verify Serviceability

Check whether service moment exceeds cracking moment

Note: Although uncracked sections ensure minimum deflection and are ideal, it is often impractical to design for uncracked sections
Cracked if: Mservice ≥ Mcr = frIg/yt

Unfactored Service Moment = (D+L)l 2/8 = [ (195.6 + 125) * 11 ] * 17.5^2 / 8 = Mservice = 135,012 ft-lb
Compression Flange Width is the smaller of {l/4=53in. 8t=96in. x/2=66in.} bf = 53 in. (ACI Code 8.10.2)
Distance from Top of Flange to Centroid ycom = 7.7 in. (calcs not shown)
Modulus of Rupture = 7.5(f'c) 1/2
= 7.5 * 4500^0.5 = fr = 503 psi (ACI Eqn 9-10)
Gross Conc. Inertia = bfts /12 + bfts(ycom–ts/2) + bw(h–ts) /12 + bw(h–ts)(h/2+ts/2–ycom) =
3 2 3 2
Ig = 18,970 in.4 (calcs not shown)
Dist. from Centroid to Extreme Tension Fiber = h – ycom = 20 – 7.7 = yt = 12.3 in.
Cracking Moment = (503 * 18,970 / 12.3) / 12 = Mcr = 64,533 ft-lb (ACI Eqn 9-9)

MD+L = 135,012 ft-lb ≥ Mcr = 64,533 ft-lb CRACKED, Effective Inertia ≤ Gross Conc. Inertia

Calculate Effective Inertia per ACI Code 9.5.2.3

Mcr 3 Mcr 3
Ie = ( Mservice ) Ig + 1− [ ( Mservice ) ] Icr but not greater than Ig (ACI Eqn 9-8)

= Icr + ( Ig - Icr ) ( Mcr / Mservice )3

 Concrete Elastic Modulus = wc1.533(f'c)1/2 = 150^1.5 * 33(4500)^0.5 = Ec = 4.1E+6 psi (ACI Code 8.5.1)
Modular Ratio (equivalent conc. area per area steel) = Es/Ec = 29*10^6 / 4.1*10^6 = n = 7.13
k = (c/d ratio) = (2ρn+(ρn)2)1/2 − ρn
= [ 2 * 0.0074 * 7.13 + (0.0074 * 7.13)^2 ]^0.5 − 0.0074 * 7.13 = k = 0.28
Dist. from top of flange to neutral Axis of cracked Section = kd = 0.28 * 18.63 = c = 5.14 in.
Cracked Moment of Inertia = Isteel + Iconc = nAs(d-c)2 + bfc(c/2)2
= 7.13 * 2.2 (18.63 − 5.14)^2 + 53 * 5.14^3 / 4 = Icr = 4,654 in.4 top bars ignored
Effective Moment of Inertia = 4,654 + (18,970 − 4,654) (64,533 / 135,012)^3 = Ie = 6,217 in.4

Verify Deflection Limit

Must Satisfy Δ = λ5wul 4/(384EcI) ≤ l/360 (ACI Table 9.5(b))

Time Dependent Factor (5 years or more) = ξ = 2.0 (ACI Eqn 9-11)

Sustained Load Creep Factor = ξ/(1+50ρ) = 2 / (1 + 50 * 0.0074) = λ = 1.46 (ACI Eqn 9-11)
Deflection = 1.46 * 5 * 4782.2/12 * (17.5*12)^4 / (384 * 4.1*10^6 * 6,217) = Δ = 0.583 in.

Δ = 0.583 in. ≤ l/360 = 17.5 *12 / 360 = 0.583 in. OK

ble 4-1)

ble 4-2)
ble 4-1)
9-8)
 PROJECT : Grease Receiving Station PAGE :
CLIENT : City of West Lafayette DESIGN BY : Doug Lee
JOB NO. : 0688004 DATE : REVIEW BY :
Concrete Tank Design Based on ACI 318-02 & ACI 350.3-01

wall chipped to
show reinf.

Swall
W

HL

Hsoil
Hw
Sslab

INPUT DATA & DESIGN SUMMARY

Vertical Load along top of tank wall wabove = 20 kips/ft ts
Concrete Strength fc' = 4.5 ksi
b 1 ft. strip used for
Rebar Yield Stress fy = 60 ksi
analysis
Lateral Active Soil Pressure σa = 45 psf/(ft depth)
Yield Strain of Steel = fy/Es = єy = 0.0021
Conc. Comp. Strain Limit єcu = 0.002 (ACI Code 10.3.3)
(equivalent fluid pressure)
Backfill Unit Weight gb = 125 pcf
Uniform Vertical Surcharge Pressure ws = 20 psf
Seismic ground shaking PE = 5 psf/ft,
(soil pressure, if no report 35SDS suggested. )
Internal Fluid Specific Weight gL = 62.4 pcf
Max Liquid Depth HL = 10.5 ft
Wall Height Hw = 10.5 ft
Soil Height Against Wall Hsoil = 10 ft
Tank Inside Length L = 25 ft
Tank Inside Width W = 16 ft
Thickness of Wall tw = 12 in
Thickness of Slab ts = 12 in
Slab Rebars // to Load 2 # 6 @ 10 in o.c.
Slab Bar Area Per Unit Foot Slab on each face 0.53 in2
Wall Vertical Rebars 2 # 6 @ 10 in o.c.
Wall Bar Area Per Unit Foot Wall on each face 0.53 in2
Lap Length Ls = 36 in
Slab Thicker Distance D = 4 ft
wabove

Convective Inertia Hydrostatic

pc
PE

Pc Ps
Pi
Pb
Pv Pimp Pf

pv pimp pi pf
v
Vertical Impulsive
Acceleration
Verify Wall Reinforcement Ratios Satisfy ACI Codes
To ensure adequate ductility, ρtension is limited to 0.75ρb. Ductile type failures allow ample warning of impending failure whereas brittle failures happen without warning.

ρtension ≤ 0. 75 ρb =
fy (
0 . 85 β 1 f ' c ∈cu 29∗106
(∈cu +∈ y )29∗10
6 ) ß1 = 0.825 (ACI 318-02 10.2.7.3)
Clear Cover of reinforcement to surface in tension cc = 2.5 in. (ACI 350-01 7.7.1)
distance from extreme tension fiber to centroid of tension steel layer = t W - cc - bar diameter = d = 9.13 in.
b = 12 in. wide vertical strip
rtension = As,tension/(bd) = 0.0048 < 0.75ρb = 0.0381 (ACI Code B.10.3.3)
rtension = As,tension/(bd) = 0.0048 > rMIN = 0.0034 (ACI Code 10.5.1)
rtotal = As,total/(bd) = 0.0096 > rMIN = 0.0015 (ACI 318-02 14.3.2) [Satisfactory]

Verify design spacing satisfy ACI Code for crack control

540
Per ACI 318-02 10.6.4, Slimit = – 2.5cc but not greater than 12(36/fs)
fs
Per ACI Code 10.6.4: 60% of specified yield strength = 0.6 * 60ksi = fs = 36 ksi
Max. Rebar Spacing = 540 / 36 – 2.5 * 2.5 = 8.8 ≤ 12 (36 / 36) = 12.0 Slimit = 8.8 in.
 Design vertical rebar spacing swall = 10 in. o.c. ≤ Max Allowable Rebar Spacing = 8.8in. o.c. [Satisfactory]

ANALYSIS OF WALL LOADS W/ NO CONTENTS IN TANK

Service Loads per 1 ft. unit vertical strip of wall

Due to Backfill = 0.5 σa (Hsoil + ts)2 = Pb = 2.72 kip/(1ft. strip)
Due to Surcharge = 0.5 ws σa (Hsoil + ts)/gb = Ps = 0.04 kip/(1ft. strip)
Due to Earthquake = 0.5 PE (Hsoil + ts)2 = Pe = 0.30 kip/(1ft. strip)
Axial Compression on Wall = wabove + wwall = wabove + 0.15 Hw b tw /144 = wver = 21.58 kip/(1ft. strip)

Factored Loads per 1ft. Unit vertical strip of wall

1.4Pb = 3.81 kip/(1ft. strip)
1.4Ps = 0.06 kip/(1ft. strip)
1.4PE = 0.42 kip/(1ft. strip)
1.4wver = 30.21 kip/(1ft. strip)
Calculate Bending Moments
Mu = (0.5*1.6Ps + (1/3) 1.6Pb + (2/3) 1.6PE) Hwall = 16.58 ft-kip/(1ft. Strip), (summed conservatively)

Check Shear Wall Capacity per 1 foot vertical strip of wall

Vu = 1.7 Ps + 1.7 Pb + 1.7 PE = 4.29 kip/(1ft. strip)

V n 2 bd f
'
c
= 2 * 0.75 * 12in. * 12in. (4500)^0.5 = 14.49 kips

ΦVn = 14.49 kips > Vu = 4.29 kips [Satisfactory]

ANALYSIS OF WALL LOADS W/ FULL TANK IGNORING SOIL PRESSURES

The rectangular tank will be designed as having a fixed base corresponding to ACI 350.3 Fig. R2.2 Type 1.1 or 2.1
Only the stresses on the long wall will be analyzed since the stresses will be higher in the long wall due to the supporting wall being further apart. Therefore the long wall (L) will be
perpendicular to the direction of the earthquake force and the shortwall (W) will be parallel to the earthquake force.

From ACI 350.3-01 we obtain

Seismic Zone Factor Z = 0.075 (ACI 350.3-01 Table 4(a))
Soil Profile Coefficient S = 1.5 (ACI 350.3-01 Table 4(b))
Importance Factor I = 1.25 (ACI 350.3-01 Table 4(c))
Response Modification Factor (impulsive component) Rwi = 4.0 (ACI 350.3-01 Table 4(d))
Response Modification Factor (convective component) Rwc = 1.0 (ACI 350.3-01 Table 4(d))
Mass Density of Liquid ρL = 1.94 lb-s2/ft4 (ACI 350.3-01 Standard)
Mass Density of Concrete ρc = 4.66 lb-s2/ft4 (ACI 350.3-01 Standard)
Weight of roof/cover with superimposed loads (e.g. beams, snow, equipments) Wr = 80.0 kip (ACI 350.3-01 Standard)
Total Liquid Weight at full tank = gL*L*W*Hw = WL = 262.1 kip
 Weight of the long wall being checked = (tw + L)Hw tw0.150 = Ww' = 40.9 kip (ACI 350.3-01 Standard)
tanh[0.66( W/HL )
Inertial Weight of accelerating liquid = W L Wi = 172.1 kip (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-1)
( 0.866( W/HL ) )
Compulsive Weight of accelerating liquid = W L0.264(W/HL)tanh[3.16(HL/W)] = Wc = 102.2 kip (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-2)
Mass per unit width of tank wall = Hw(tw/12)ρc = mw = 48.9 lb-s2/ft4 (ACI 350.3-01 R9.2.4)
Impulsive Mass of contained liquid per unit width of a rectangular tank wall = (W i/WL)(W/2)HLρL = mi = 107.03 lb-s2/ft4 (ACI 350.3-01 R9.2.4)
Height from the base of the tank wall to the center of gravity of the tank shell = 0.5H w = hw = 5.3 ft (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-1)
Height above the base of tank wall to the center of gravity of the impulsive lateral force including base pressure hi' = 6.7 ft (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-7)
Height from base of tank wall to center of gravity of convective lateral force hc' = 7.9 ft (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-8)
(hwmw + himi)
Height to combined center of gravity of tank shell and impulsive mass = = h = 6.2 ft (ACI 350.3-01 R9.2.4)
(mw + mi)
Elastic Modulus of Concrete = 57,000(fc')1/2 = Ec = 3.8E+06 psi (ACI 318-02 8.5.1)
Flexural Stiffness = (Ec/48)(tw/h)3 = k = 568,687 psf (ACI 350.3-01 R9.2.4)
Mass = mi + mw = m= 155.96 lb-s /ft
2 4
(ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-10)
Circular Frequency of the impulsive mode of vibration = (k/m) 1/2 = ωi = 60.39 rad/s (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-9)
Fundamental Period of Oscillation = 2π/ωi = Ti = 0.10 s (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-11)
Wavelength = (3.16gtanh[3.16(HL/W)]) 1/2
= λ= 9.93 (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-13)
Circular Frequency of oscillation of the first (convective) mode of sloshing = λ/(W)1/2 = ωc = 2.48 rad/s (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-12)
natural period of the first (convective) mode of sloshing = 2π/ωc = Tc = 2.53 s (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-14)
Spectral Amplification Factors: For T i ≤ 0.31s, ci = 2.75/S. For Ti > 0.31s, ci = smaller of (1.25/Ti2/3 ≤ 2.75/S) Ci = 1.83 (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-31 & 9-32)
Spectral Amplification Factors 6.0/Tc 2
Cc = 0.94 (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-33)
Ratio of equiv. dynamic mass of tank shell to its total actual mass [0.0151(W/H L)2 - 0.1908(W/HL) + 1.021] ≤ 1.0 ε = 0.77 (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-34)
Period-dependent spectral amplification factor for vertical motion of the contained liquid Cv = 1.0 (ACI 350.3-01 Code 4.1.4.2)
Ratio of the vertical to horizontal acceleration shall not be less than 2/3 b = 0.667 g (ACI 350.3-01 Code 4.1.4.1)
Effective Spectral Acceleration from an inelastic vertical response spectrum = ZSC vI(b/Rwi) = ϋv = 0.023 (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 4-15)
Unit hydrostatic pressure at liquid level y above the tank base = gL(HL-y), (set y=0 at wall base) = qhy = 0.655 ksf (ACI 350.3-01 Standard)
Dynamic horizontal forces on wall
Lateral Inertial Force from self wall = ZSIC iεWw'/Rwi = Pw' = 2.02 kip (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 4-1a)
Lateral Inertial Force of the roof = ZSIC iεWr/Rwi/2 = Pr = 1.97 kip (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 4-2)
Total Lateral Impulsive Force = ZSIC iεWi/Rwi/2 = Pi = 4.25 kip (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 4-3)
Total Lateral Convective Force = ZSICcεWc/Rwc/2 = Pc = 6.73 kip (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 4-4)
Dynamic load per unit vertical wall strip
Lateral inertia force due to accelerating wall per unit vertical strip of wall = P w'/L = pw' = 0.081 kip/(1ft. strip)
Lateral inertia force due to accelerating roof per unit vertical strip of wall = P r/L = pr = 0.079 kip/(1ft. strip)
Lateral impulsive force due to accelerating wall per unit vertical strip of wall = P i/L = pi = 0.170 kip/(1ft. strip)
Lateral convective force due to accelerating wall per unit vertical strip of wall = P c/L = pc = 0.269 kip/(1ft. strip)
Lateral Hydrodynamic Force of liquid due to vertical acceleration per unit vertical strip of wall = ϋ v qhy HL /2 = pvy = 0.081 kip/(1ft. strip) (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 4-14)
Total Dynamic Lateral Force on a 1 ft vertical wall strip = [ (p w' + pr + pi) + pc + pvy ) ]
2 2 2 1/2
= pdyn = 0.433 kip/(1ft. strip)
Hydrostatic load per unit vertical wall strip
Hydrostatic Lateral Force on a 1 ft vertical wall strip = (q hy HL/2) = phy = 3.440 kip/(1ft. strip)
Combined dynamic and hydrostatic load per unit vertical wall strip
Combined unfactored lateral force pdyn + phy = ptot = 3.873 kip/(1ft. strip)

Distance from wall base to equivalent point loads (center of concentration)

For wall inertia force 0.5Hw = hw = 5.3 ft (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-1)
For roof inertia load Hw = hr = 10.5 ft
For impulsive force hi' = 6.7 ft (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-6)
For convective force hc' = 7.9 ft (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 9-8)
For lateral force due to vertical acceleration H L/2 = hvy = 5.3 ft
For hydrostatic force 2HL/3 = hhy = 7.0 ft
For combined inertia and impulsive forces ( pw'hw + prhr + pihi' ) / ( pw' + pr + pi ) = hwri = 7.2 ft
Center of all forces ( pw'hw + prhr + pihi' + pchc' + pvyhvy +phyhhy ) / (pw' + pr + pi + pc + pvy +phy ) = hcent = 7.042 ft

Shear demand per unit vertical wall strip

The unit wall strip will be designed as a vertical beam fixed at the base and hinged at the tank cover. All uniform and linearly distributed
loads will be modeled as concentrated point loads acting at the center of concentration of the corresponding load type.

Unfactored Lateral Shears per 1ft unit vertical wall strip

Combined inertia and impuslive shear at top of wall ( p w' + pr + pi )( hwri )2 ( 3Hw - hwri ) / (2Hw3) = Vwri,top = 0.181 kip/(1ft. strip) LRFD 3rd Ed. Steel Manual Table 5-17.14
Combined inertia and impuslive shear at wall base ( p w' + pr + pi ) ( Hw - hwri ) ( 2Hw2 - 2hwriHw + hwri2 ) / ( 2Hw3 ) = Vwri,bot = 0.056 kip/(1ft. strip) LRFD 3rd Ed. Steel Manual Table 5-17.14
Combined convective shear at top of wall ( pc )( hc' ) ( 3Hw - hc' ) / ( 2H
2
w
3
) = Vc,top = 0.170 kip/(1ft. strip) LRFD 3rd Ed. Steel Manual Table 5-17.14
Convective shear at wall base ( pc ) ( Hw - hc' ) ( 2Hw2 - 2hc'Hw + hc'2 ) / ( 2Hw3 ) = Vc,bot = 0.036 kip/(1ft. strip) LRFD 3rd Ed. Steel Manual Table 5-17.14
Lateral shear due to vertical acceleration at top of wall ( pvy ) ( hvy )2 ( 3Hw - hvy ) / ( 2Hw3 ) = Vvy,top = 0.025 kip/(1ft. strip) LRFD 3rd Ed. Steel Manual Table 5-17.14
Lateral shear due to vertical acceleration at wall base ( pvy ) ( Hw - hvy ) ( 2H w
2
- 2hvyHw + hvy ) / ( 2H
2
w
3
) = Vvy,bot = 0.025 kip/(1ft. strip) LRFD 3rd Ed. Steel Manual Table 5-17.14
Total Dynamic Lateral Force on a 1 ft vertical wall strip = ( V wri,top2 + Vc,top2 + Vvy,top2 )1/2 = Vdyn,top = 0.250 kip/(1ft. strip) (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 4-5)
Total Dynamic Lateral Force on a 1 ft vertical wall strip = ( V wri,bot + Vc,bot + Vvy,bot )
2 2 2 1/2
= Vdyn,bot = 0.071 kip/(1ft. strip) (ACI 350.3-01 Eqn 4-5)
Lateral shear due to hydrostatic force at top of wall ( phy ) ( hhy )2 ( 3Hw - hhy ) / ( 2Hw3 ) = Vhy,top = 1.784 kip/(1ft. strip) LRFD 3rd Ed. Steel Manual Table 5-17.14
Lateral shear due to hydrostatic force at wall base ( phy ) ( Hw - hhy )( 3H w
2
- Hw + hhy )/( 2H w
3
) = Vhy,bot = 0.637 kip/(1ft. strip) LRFD 3rd Ed. Steel Manual Table 5-17.14

Case 1: Combined Factored Dynamic + Hydrostatic Lateral Shear per unit vertical wall strip
vtop
Factored Total Lateral Shear at the top of a 1 ft vertical wall strip = 1.7 V hy,top + 1.0 Vdyn,top = V1,top = 3.282 kip/(1ft. strip)
Factored Total Lateral Shear at the base of a 1 ft vertical wall strip = 1.7 V hy,bot + 1.0 Vdyn,bot = V1,bot = 1.154 kip/(1ft. strip)
x
Case 2: Factored Hydrostatic Lateral Shear per unit vertical wall strip including sanitary coefficient of 1.3
a
Factored Hydrostatic Lateral Shear on a 1 ft vertical wall strip = 1.7 * 1.3 * ( V hy,top ) = V2,top = 3.942 kip/(1ft. strip)
Factored Hydrostatic Lateral Shear on a 1 ft vertical wall strip = 1.7 * 1.3 * ( V hy,bot ) = V2,bot = 1.408 kip/(1ft. strip) p
Hw
Verify shear demand vs. capacity

V n 2 bd f
' = 14.49 kip > Max shear on wall = 3.942 kip/ft [Satisfactory] h
c

vbot
 V n 2 bd f
' h
c

Moment demand per unit vertical wall strip vbot

Determine max moment from the following two equations obtained from Table 5-17 LRFD Steel Manual for beam fixed at one end and hinged at other
When x ≤ a, Moment at x = Vtop x
When x > a, Moment at x = x ( Vtop - ptot ) + ptot ( Hw - hcent )
max dynamic vertical moment on a 1ft vertical wall strip = mdyn = 0.864008 ft-kip/(1ft. Strip) at x = 3.46 ft. from wall base
max hydrostatic vertical moment on a 1ft vertical wall strip = mhy = 6.2426 ft-kip/(1ft. Strip) at x = 3.50 ft. from wall base

Case 1: Factored Combined Dynamic + Hydrostatic Lateral Force per unit vertical wall strip
1.7 mhy + 1.0 mdyn = m1 = 11.48 ft-kip/(1ft. Strip)
Case 2: Factored Hydrostatic Lateral Force per unit vertical wall strip including sanitary coefficient of 1.3
1.7*1.3*mhy = m2 = 13.80 ft-kip/(1ft. Strip)
Axial compression per unit vertical wall strip
Vertical Load on top of wall + self weight of wall at base(conservative) = 1.4 (w above + 0.15 Hw b tw /144) = wver = 30.21 kip/(1ft. Strip)

VERIFY LOAD DEMANDS ON THE UNIT STRIP OF WALL ARE WITHIN CAPACITY
Since the wall is subjected to simultaneous bending moment and axial compression, an interaction diagram will be used to determine the wall capacity envelope.
The calculated loading combinations must be within the boundary of the capacity envelope.

Load Scenario Compression (kip) Moment (ft-kip)

Empty Tank Analysis 30.21 16.58
Full Tank, case 1 30.21 11.48
Full Tank, case 2 30.21 13.80
Note: The method of constructing the interaction diagram is based on Reinforced Concrete Mechanics and Design 3rd Edition by James G. Macgregor. The following table is created to obtain the capacity envelope
 )
on
si

}
05
es

2)
}
pr

.0

-d
-0
m
co

2
≤

h/
1
=

2(
єs
os

Fs
if
si y )
,p

.9

+
te Zє

=0

1)
on
= cu -

-d
s)

{Φ

s)
є

ip
n
lu 1 /(

2
ip
(k

h/
va єcu d

.)

05

(k
( in

1(
b)

.0

Fs
e

c)
(a
tiv c =

-0

)+
c

c')
β1

>

+
c

/2
5f
u/
s

1
e

2
єs
=

-a
(n Axi

.8
єc

Fs
s)
)

)
SI

SI

>
2)

ip
ga

+
(

2
K

(K
-d

k
l

y
(k
Zє r a

h/
=

-є
oc
(
e

s1
(c
= eut

(F

c(
c

f
C
bl

{C
=

s2
s

Φ
1E

s1
*A
єs o n

ss
y

=
2

3є
s)

Φ
2
єs

єs

єs

=
c ')

tre
ip
l= et

te

-8
=

5f

=
(k
=

rs

n
e

48
c

P
el

.8
1

nr
St n fa

si

n
Φ
te

la

M
fs1

s2

.
-0

=0
0p
s1
f

gu
S

Φ
C

ty
A
i o si o

Φ
00
ee

ee

2
on
ee

ci
an

in
(fs
fs1

ity
{
ns res

'/1

a
St

St
si

e
ct
=

ap
y}

ac
rc
es

re

-є
n

f
Te p

s1

s2
n

5(

Fo

C
io

io

s) ap
of om

lF
pr

v.

≥
.0
ns

ns

ve
l
om

ip C
ee

ee

ui

ve

1
in m c

-0

єs
Te

Te

si
eq

-k n t
St

St

si
C

if

es
05
St fro

es

(ft me
in

in

of
of

5
in

in

pr
1.

.6
pr
ss

ss
th

th
in

o
e

=0

om
om
=
rc

rc

M
ep

ra

ra

re

re

ep
Z values 1

Fo

Fo

{Φ
St

St

St

β1
D

C
-4.65 1.57 -0.0096 -0.0017 -60.0 -48.2 -31.7 -27.5 0.825 1.30 59.47 0.90 0.30 24.86
-4 1.78 -0.0083 -0.0012 -60.0 -35.9 -31.7 -21.0 0.825 1.47 67.25 0.90 13.14 29.08
-3 2.22 -0.0062 -0.0006 -60.0 -17.0 -31.7 -11.0 0.825 1.83 84.21 0.90 37.39 36.95
-2 2.97 -0.0041 0.0001 -60.0 1.9 -31.7 -1.0 0.825 2.45 112.59 0.82 65.80 43.46
-1 4.49 -0.0021 0.0007 -60.0 20.8 -31.7 9.0 0.825 3.70 169.84 0.65 95.64 45.06
-0.5 6.01 -0.0010 0.0010 -30.0 30.3 -15.8 14.0 0.825 4.96 227.74 0.65 146.81 48.46
-0.25 7.25 -0.0005 0.0012 -15.0 35.0 -7.9 16.5 0.825 5.98 274.54 0.65 184.00 48.88
0 9.13 0.0000 0.0014 0.0 39.7 0.0 19.0 0.825 7.53 345.54 0.65 236.92 45.06
0.1 10.18 0.0002 0.0014 6.0 41.6 3.2 20.0 0.825 8.40 385.41 0.65 265.55 40.45
0.15 10.80 0.0003 0.0015 9.0 42.6 4.8 20.5 0.825 8.91 409.01 0.65 282.24 36.88
0.2 11.51 0.0004 0.0015 12.0 43.5 6.3 21.0 0.825 9.49 435.68 0.65 300.93 32.07
0.235 12.06 0.0005 0.0015 14.1 44.2 7.4 21.3 0.825 9.95 456.52 0.65 315.43 27.74
1
Z values are arbitrarily adjusted to achieve typical interaction diagram shape Compressive Capacity = fPn = 0.8f[0.85fc'(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] = 341.67 0.00

where ,
d1 = 9.13 in. distance from centroid of tension steel to compressive face
d2 = 2.88 in. distance from centroid of compressive steel to compressive
As1 = 0.53 in. steel cross sectional area in tension layer
As2 = 0.53 in. steel cross sectional area in compression layer
b= 12 in. width of wall (unit length)
h= 12 in. thickness of wall
Φ = 0.7 for pure compression
Ag = 144 in.2 wall thickness * width of wall
 Ast = 1.056 in.2 total reinforcing steel per 1 ft. cross section under pure compression

kips/(1ft vertical strip of wall)

Compressive Capacity ΦPn
400
Boundary Limits
Interaction Diagram
350 Empty Tank
Row 234
300 Row 235

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 10 Moment Capacity
20 30 ΦMn 40 50 60
ft-kips/(1ft vertical strip of wall)

ANALYSIS OF BASE SLAB

Note: Since no piles will be used beneath the Tank slab, the soil bearing pressure pushing up on the bottom of the slab is assumed to be equal the pressure pushing down
from the liquid and self weight of the slab.

Verify Slab Reinforcement Ratio and Spacing Satisfy ACI Codes

To ensure adequate ductility, ρtension is limited to 0.75ρb. Ductile type failures allow ample warning of impending failure whereas brittle failures happen without warning.

ρtension ≤ 0. 75 ρb =
fy (
0 . 85 β 1 f ' c ∈cu 29∗106
(∈cu +∈ y )29∗10
6 ) ß1 = 0.825 (ACI 318-02 10.2.7.3)
Clear Cover of bottom reinforcement to surface exposed to earth ccb = 3.00 in. (ACI 350-01 7.7.1)
Clear Cover of top reinforcement to top face of slab cct = 2.00 in. (ACI 350-01 7.7.1)
distance from extreme tension fiber to centroid of tension steel layer = t s - cct - bar diameter = d = 9.63 in.
b = 12 in. wide vertical strip
rtotal = As,total/(bd) = 0.0091 > rMIN = 0.0012 (ACI 318-02 14.3.2)
rtension = As,tension/(bd) = 0.0046 < 0.75ρb = 0.0381 (ACI 318-02 B.10.3.3)
rtension = As,tension/(bd) = 0.0046 > rMIN = 0.0034 (ACI 318-02 10.5.1) [Satisfactory]

Verify design spacing satisfy ACI Code for crack control

540
Per ACI 318-02 10.6.4, Slimit = – 2.5cc but not greater than 12(36/fs)
fs
Per ACI Code 10.6.4: 60% of specified yield strength = 0.6 * 60ksi = fs = 36 ksi
Max. Rebar Spacing = 540 / 36 – 2.5 * 3 = 7.5 ≤ 12 (36 / 36) = 12.0 Slimit = 7.5 in.
Design slab rebar spacing sslab = 10 in. o.c. ≤ Max Allowable Rebar Spacing = 7.5in. o.c. [Satisfactory]
Verify Load Demands Are Within Capacity For Base Slab

The moment on the unit slab strip will be taken equal to the largest base moment on the unit tank wall strip from the above tank wall analyses
The axial compression on the unit slab strip will be taken as the base shear from the lateral soil loads on the unit tank wall strip from the above empty tank analysis

Moment on 1ft strip of slab M = 16.6 ft-kip/(unit slab strip)

Axial Compression on 1ft strip of slab p = 4.3 kip/(unit slab strip)

)
on
si

}
05
es

2)
}
pr

.0

-d
-0
m
co

2
≤

h/
1
=

2(
єs
os

Fs
if
si y )
,p

.9

+
te Zє

=0

1)
on
= cu -

-d
s)

{Φ

s)
є

ip
n
lu 1 /(

2
ip
(k

h/
va єcu d

.)

05

(k
( in

1(
b)

.0

Fs
e

c)
(a
tiv c =

-0

)+
c

c')
β1

>

+
c

/2
5f
u/
s

1
e

2
єs
=

-a
(n Axi

.8
єc

Fs
s)
)

)
SI

SI

>
2)

ip
ga

+
(

2
K

(K
-d

k
l

y
(k
Zє r a

h/
=

-є
oc
(
e

s1
(c
= eut

(F

c(
c

f
C
bl

{C
=

s2
s

Φ
1E

s1
*A
єs o n

ss
y

=
2

3є
s)

Φ
2
єs

єs

єs

=
c ')

tre
ip
l= et

te

-8
=

5f

=
(k
=

rs

n
e

48
c

P
el

.8
1

nr
St n fa

si

n
Φ
te

la

M
fs1

s2

.
-0

=0
0p
s1
f

gu
S

Φ
C

ty
A
i o si o

Φ
00
ee

ee

2
on
ee

ci
an

in
(fs
fs1

ity
{
ns res

'/1

a
St

St
si

e
ct
=

ap
y}

ac
rc
es

re

-є
n

f
Te p

s1

s2
n

5(

Fo

C
io

io

s) ap
of om

lF
pr

v.

≥
.0
ns

ns

ve
l
om

ip C
ee

ee

ui

ve

1
in m c

-0

єs
Te

Te

si
eq

-k n t
St

St

si
C

if

es
05
St fro

es

(ft me
in

in

of
of

5
in

in

pr
1.

.6
pr
ss

ss
th

th
in

o
e

=0

om
om
=
rc

rc

M
ep

ra

ra

re

re

ep
Z values 1
Fo

Fo

{Φ
St

St

St

β1
D

C
-5.55 1.43 -0.0115 -0.0013 -60.0 -38.5 -31.7 -22.3 0.825 1.18 54.07 0.90 0.04 24.48
-5 1.56 -0.0103 -0.0010 -60.0 -30.3 -31.7 -18.0 0.825 1.29 59.05 0.90 8.40 27.43
-4 1.87 -0.0083 -0.0005 -60.0 -15.5 -31.7 -10.2 0.825 1.55 70.94 0.90 26.13 33.65
-3 2.35 -0.0062 0.0000 -60.0 -0.7 -31.7 -2.4 0.825 1.94 88.82 0.90 49.26 41.48
-2 3.14 -0.0041 0.0005 -60.0 14.1 -31.7 5.4 0.825 2.59 118.76 0.82 76.16 47.58
-1 4.73 -0.0021 0.0010 -60.0 28.9 -31.7 13.2 0.825 3.90 179.15 0.65 104.45 48.10
-0.5 6.34 -0.0010 0.0013 -30.0 36.3 -15.8 17.1 0.825 5.23 240.22 0.65 156.99 50.50
-0.25 7.65 -0.0005 0.0014 -15.0 40.0 -7.9 19.1 0.825 6.31 289.58 0.65 195.49 49.94
0 9.63 0.0000 0.0015 0.0 43.7 0.0 21.0 0.825 7.94 364.47 0.65 250.59 44.20
0.1 10.74 0.0002 0.0016 6.0 45.2 3.2 21.8 0.825 8.86 406.53 0.65 280.49 38.27
0.15 11.39 0.0003 0.0016 9.0 45.9 4.8 22.2 0.825 9.40 431.42 0.65 297.95 33.82
0.19 11.98 0.0004 0.0016 11.4 46.5 6.0 22.5 0.825 9.88 453.64 0.65 313.42 29.25
1
Z values are arbitrarily adjusted to achieve typical interaction diagram shape Compressive Capacity = fPn = 0.8f[0.85fc'(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] = 341.67 0.00
where ,
 d1 = 9.63 in. distance from centroid of tension steel to compressive face
d2 = 2.38 in. distance from centroid of compressive steel to compressive
As1 = 0.53 in. steel cross sectional area in tension layer
As2 = 0.53 in. steel cross sectional area in compression layer
b= 12 in. width of slab (unit length)
h= 12 in. thickness of slab
Φ = 0.7 for pure compression
Ag = 144 in. 2
slab thickness * width of slab
Compressive Capacity ΦPn

Ast = 1.056 in.2 total reinforcing steel per 1 ft. cross section under pure compression
kips/(1ft strip of slab)

400
Interaction Diagram Boundary Limits
350 Max Loading Point

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 10 20 30
Moment Capacity ΦMn40 50 60
ft-kips/(1ft strip of slab)

CHECK REBAR DEVELOPMENT PER ACI 318-02 12.2.2

( )
f y αβλ
ld= d b= 21.5 in. < Ls = 36.0 in. [Satisfactory]
25 √ f c '

where Bar size is # 6 , (governing size)

db = 0.75 in
α = 1.0 Reinforcement Location Factor (ACI 318-02 12.2.4)
β = 1.0 Coating Factor for epoxy coated reinforcement (ACI 318-02 12.2.4)
g = 0.8 Reinforcement Size Factor (ACI 318-02 12.2.4)
λ = 1.0 Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Factor (ACI 318-02 12.2.4)
Hw

ts
 vtop

Hw

vbot
 vbot

ty envelope
 Design of Slab on Grade per 2006 Ed. Caltrans Highway Design Manu

California R-value of the Aggregate Base

California R-value of the Subbase
California R-value of the Subgrade (enter N/A if subbase = subgrade
Gravel Factor of Asphalt Concrete
Gravel Factor of Aggregate Base
Gravel Factor of Subase (enter N/A if subbase = subgrade

Gravel Equivalent thickness required for asphalt/concrete layer = 0.0032 (Ti)(100 - R AB) + (0.2 safety factor) =
Gravel equivalent thickness required for asphalt/concrete + aggregate base layer = 0.0032 (Ti)(100 - R Subbase) =
Gravel equivalent thickness required for aggregate base layer = GE AC+AB - GEAC =
Gravel equivalent thickness required for AC + AB + Subbase layer = 0.0032 (Ti)(100 - R Subgrade) =
Gravel equivalent thickness required for subbase layer = GETotal - GEAB =

Thickness of asphalt/concrete required = GEAC / Gf,AC =

Thickness of aggregate base required = GEAB / Gf,AB but not less than 0.35ft
Thickness of subbase required = GESubbase / Gf,Subbase =

Desired Design thickness of asph

Required thickness of AB but not less
Required thickness
Note: The leftmost column should say "Actual Thickness of Layer" rather than "Actual HMA Thickness"
Highway Design Manual

Traffic Index Ti = 7 Brick Industry Association Table 5

lue of the Aggregate Base RAB = 78 California Test 301 Figure 12
ia R-value of the Subbase RSubbase = 50 California Test 301 Figure 12
/A if subbase = subgrade) RSubgrade = N/A California Test 301 Figure 12
Factor of Asphalt Concrete Gf,AC = 2.14 Table 633.1
Factor of Aggregate Base Gf,AB = 1.1 Table 633.1
/A if subbase = subgrade) Gf,Subbase = N/A Table 633.1

R AB) + (0.2 safety factor) = GEAC = 0.6928 ft. Index 633.1 (b),(d)
.0032 (Ti)(100 - R Subbase) = GEAC+AB = 1.12 ft. Index 633.1 (b)
e layer = GE AC+AB - GEAC = GEAB = 0.4272 ft.
0032 (Ti)(100 - R Subgrade) = GETotal = N/A ft. Index 633.1 (b)
se layer = GETotal - GEAB = GESubbase = N/A ft.

required = GEAC / Gf,AC = tAC = 0.32374 ft. Index 633.1 (e)

AB but not less than 0.35ft. tAB = 0.38836 ft. Index 633.1 (e)
ed = GESubbase / Gf,Subbase = tSubbase = N/A ft. Index 633.1 (e)

Design thickness of asphalt/concrete = 0.4 ft.

hickness of AB but not less than 0.35ft. = 0.35 ft.
Required thickness of Subbase = N/A ft.
tual HMA Thickness"
 PROJECT: PAGE:
CLIENT: DESIGN BY:
JOB #: REVIEW BY:
DATE:
DESIGN OF INERTIA PAD/BLOCK PER WAUKESHA INSTALLATION GUIDE

INERTIA
BLOCK

Base length of engine or length of common skid LB = 23 ft. (approx)

Base width of engine or width of common skid WB = 7.3 ft.
Factor of Safety (1.3 to 1.5) Ω = 1.3
Weight of generator in pounds M = 90,000 lb.
Length of inertia block or pad (engine or common skid width plus 1 foot min.) L = 27.7 ft.
Width of inertia block or pad (engine or common skid length plus 1 foot min.) W = 12.1 ft.
Density of concrete D = 145 lb/ft3
Soil bearing capacity from geotech report S.B.C = 1,500 lb/ft2
ΩM
H= = Depth of Inertia Block H = 2.41 ft.
(L )(W )( D)

Footing may be required

for poor bearing soil
Base Design of Inertia Pad/Block: No Footing
Footing Length Lf = 10 ft.
Footing Width Wf = 10 ft.
Footing Depth Hf = 10 ft.
Mf = lb.

Safety Constant = 2.5

Weight of generator M = 90,000 lb.
Weight of inertia block/pad = (L * W * H) * D = (27.7 * 12.1 * 2.41) * 145 = F = 117,000 lb.
Length of soil contact surface LC = 27.7 ft.
Width of soil contact surface WC = 12.1 ft.

Soil Bearing Load 2 .5 (M +F ) S.B.L = 1,544 lb/ft2

S . B . L= =
(W C )( LC )
S.B.L = 1,544 lb/ft2 > S.B.C = 1,500 lb/ft2 [NO GOOD]
 PROJECT: West Lafayette PAGE:
CLIENT: DESIGN BY: Doug Lee
JOB #: REVIEW BY:
DATE:
DESIGN OF SPRING STIFFNESS FOR VIBRATION ISOLATING MOUNTS

DESIGN CRITERIA:
Assume Negligible Damping
Assume dynamic/impressed force = maximum linear force produced within engine (conservative assumption)

DESIGN PARAMETERS & CALCULATIONS:

Generator/Engine Type Selection: 4-Stroke Cycle
Frequency (wrt to piston cycle) f =
Rotation per minute (wrt to engine cycle) RPM =
Weight of Generator: W =
Maximum allowable ratio of transmitted force divided by maximum impressed Force: TR =
Stroke length of piston: SP =
Rated power (assume measured at flywheel): P =

Driving Frequency of Generator = 2 π f = ωd =

Horsepower = 1.34 * P = HP =
Torque = HP * 5252 / RPM = T =
Diameter of crankshaft rotation (assume 1 piston stroke = ½ rotational dia.) = 2 * SP / π = DC =
Flywheel diameter (using ratio of piston frequency to flywheel frequency) = (f * 60 / RPM) * D C = DF =
Maximum dynamic piston force = T / DF = Q =

1
The ratio of the force transmitted is TR =
(ωd/ωn)2 – 1
where, ωn = (k/m)1/2 is the natural frequency of the system
m = W/g is the mass of the generator
when ωd = ωn, resonance (extremely large amplitudes of oscillations) will result
this equality happens when k = ωd2 * (W/32.2)

Stiffness value to avoid, which results in resonance due to piston cycling k =

Stiffness value to avoid, which results in resonance due to engine cycling k =

ωd2 * W/32.2
Stiffness value to achieve design TR = 0.1 k = = k =
1 – (1 / TR)

The combined spring stiffness (parallel configuration) of all spring vibratory isolators shall be ≤ 36,112 kip/ft
inorder to achieve a TR of 0.1
 Doug Lee

assumption)

4-Stroke Cycle
60 Hz.
1,800 rpm
90,000 lb.
0.1
7.48 in.
1500 kW.

377 rad

2010 hp
5,865 ft-lb
4.76 in.
9.52 in.
7,390 lb.

397,236 kip/ft
99,309 kip/ft

36,112 kip/ft

shall be ≤ 36,112 kip/ft

ACI 14.8.2.4 Cracking Moment same as for beams
Wall Axial Strength ACI eqn 14-1
ACI eqn 21-7 Shear Strength Limit
ACI 14.3 Minimum Reinforcement
ACI 11.10 Shear Wall eqns

ASCE 7-02 C5-4 Flood Force