BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

Main Campus, College of Engineering and Architecture

Capitol Drive, Capitol Compound, Balanga City 2100, Bataan

A PROPOSED HOSPITAL:

Evaluating the Impact on the Community of

Mariveles, Bataan and Satisfaction of
Tourists

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in Science

in Architecture for the course of Architectural Design 8, AY 2024-2025

Student:

Jerome A. Aclan

Program, Year and Section:

BS Architecture 4B

Date:

0000000
 INTRODUCTION

Barangay Mt. View in Mariveles, Bataan, is in urgent need of a hospital to

address the growing healthcare demands of its residents. As the population
continues to increase, the necessity for accessible and timely medical services
becomes paramount. Currently, the lack of nearby healthcare facilities can lead to
delays in treatment, which can significantly impact the overall health and well-being
of the community. Establishing a hospital would not only provide immediate access
to medical care but also enhance the quality of life for the residents.

The population of Mariveles is projected to reach approximately 165,971 by

2023, indicating a significant increase in the number of individuals who may require
medical attention (Provincial Government of Bataan, 2023). This demographic shift
underscores the importance of having a local hospital to cater to the healthcare
needs of the community. As the population grows, so does the demand for
healthcare services, making it essential to establish a facility that can adequately
support the health requirements of its residents.

Moreover, Mariveles is home to the first economic zone in the Philippines,

attracting both local and foreign investments. The influx of workers and their families
into the area necessitates the availability of healthcare services to support the
growing workforce and their health needs. A local hospital would not only serve the
existing population but also accommodate the healthcare requirements of new
residents, ensuring that everyone has access to essential medical services.
 Accessibility to healthcare is a critical factor in emergency situations.
Currently, residents may face challenges in reaching existing healthcare facilities,
which can lead to dire consequences in critical moments. Although there’s a current
Mariveles District Hospital in Bayan of Mariveles, a hospital in Barangay Mt. View
would provide immediate access to emergency services, significantly reducing
response times and potentially saving lives. This accessibility is vital for a community
that is rapidly growing and industrializing.

Moreover, establishing a hospital in Mt. View would enable the provision of a

wide range of medical services, including preventive care, surgical services, and
specialized treatments that Mariveles District Hospital don’t offer. This
comprehensive approach to healthcare would contribute to improved health
outcomes and overall quality of life for the residents of Barangay Mt. View. Lastly, a
hospital can serve as a center for health education, promoting awareness about
preventive measures and healthy lifestyles. By empowering the community to take
charge of their health, the establishment of a hospital would lead to a healthier
population overall, fostering a sense of well-being and resilience within the
community.

DESIGN CONCEPT

DESIGN PHILOSOPY

“Timeless aesthetics, Socio-cultural appropriateness, Environmental sustainability,

Economic affordability and Sufficiency of strength and performance.”

- Yatin Pandya
 Each element plays a critical role in ensuring that the facility not only meets
the immediate healthcare needs of the community but also contributes positively to
the environment, culture, and economy.

Timeless aesthetics are vital in creating a healing environment. Aesthetically pleasing

designs can foster a calming and welcoming atmosphere for patients, families, and
staff. The use of natural light, thoughtful color palettes, and art can significantly
reduce anxiety and promote healing. Furthermore, timeless aesthetics can reflect the
cultural and historical context of the community, fostering a sense of pride and
belonging. A well-designed hospital can become a landmark that resonates with local
identity, enhancing the overall experience for those who enter its doors.

Socio-cultural appropriateness is another crucial aspect of hospital design. Hospitals

serve diverse populations, and their design should respect and reflect the cultural
values and practices of the community. This can include spaces for spiritual practices,
culturally relevant artwork, and consideration of dietary needs in food services. By
designing with socio-cultural appropriateness in mind, hospitals can ensure that all
community members feel welcome and understood, which can enhance patient
satisfaction and engagement in their healthcare.

Environmental sustainability is increasingly important in modern hospital design.

Sustainable practices, such as energy-efficient systems, water conservation, and the
use of renewable materials, help reduce the hospital's environmental footprint. This
is crucial in addressing global challenges like climate change. Additionally,
environmentally sustainable hospitals often incorporate natural elements and
improve indoor air quality, contributing to the overall health and well-being of
patients and staff.

Economic affordability is essential for the viability of healthcare facilities. Designing a

hospital with economic affordability in mind ensures that the facility can be built and
maintained within budget constraints, which is particularly important for public
health systems and communities with limited resources. Affordable design can lead
to lower operational costs, making it easier for the hospital to provide services
without compromising quality. This is especially critical in underserved areas where
financial resources may be limited.

Sufficiency of strength and performance is paramount in hospital design. Hospitals

must be constructed to withstand various stresses, including natural disasters, to
ensure the safety of patients and staff. This includes considerations for structural
integrity and the ability to function during emergencies. Additionally, a well-designed
hospital should facilitate efficient workflows for healthcare providers, ensuring that
they can deliver high-quality care effectively. This encompasses considerations for
patient flow, accessibility, and the integration of technology.

Incorporating these principles into hospital design is crucial for creating a

facility that not only meets the immediate healthcare needs of the community but
also serves as a sustainable, culturally relevant, and economically viable resource. By
prioritizing timeless aesthetics, socio-cultural appropriateness, environmental
sustainability, economic affordability, and sufficient strength and performance,
hospital designs can enhance patient care, promote community well-being, and
ensure long-term success.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

When designing a hospital, several key considerations must be taken into

account to ensure that the facility effectively meets the needs of its users while
promoting a healing environment. The following elements such as User Needs, Site
Analysis, Sustainability, Spatial Planning, and Lighting are critical in creating a
functional and supportive healthcare facility.

1. USER NEEDS
Understanding user needs is fundamental in hospital design. This
includes the requirements of patients, families, healthcare providers, and
support staff. Patient-centered design focuses on creating spaces that
enhance comfort, privacy, and accessibility. For example, private patient
rooms can improve recovery by providing a peaceful environment, while
family areas can support loved ones during difficult times. Additionally, the
needs of healthcare providers must be considered to ensure efficient
workflows, adequate space for medical equipment, and easy access to
necessary resources. Engaging with stakeholders through surveys, interviews,
and focus groups can help identify specific needs and preferences, leading to
a more effective design.

2. SITE ANALYSIS
Conducting a thorough site analysis is essential for understanding the
physical, environmental, and social context of the hospital location. This
 includes evaluating factors such as topography, climate, existing
infrastructure, and proximity to transportation. A comprehensive site analysis
helps identify potential challenges and opportunities, such as natural light
availability, views, and noise levels. It also considers the surrounding
community, ensuring that the hospital is accessible to those it serves. By
understanding the site’s characteristics, designers can create a facility that
harmonizes with its environment and meets the needs of the community.

3. SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability is a critical consideration in modern hospital design, as
healthcare facilities have significant environmental impacts. Incorporating
sustainable practices can reduce energy consumption, minimize waste, and
promote the use of renewable resources. This can include energy-efficient
systems, water conservation measures, and the use of sustainable materials.
Additionally, designing for sustainability often involves creating green spaces,
such as healing gardens, which can enhance the well-being of patients and
staff. By prioritizing sustainability, hospitals can contribute to a healthier
environment while also reducing operational costs in the long run.

4. SPATIAL PLANNING
Effective spatial planning is crucial for ensuring that the hospital
operates efficiently and meets the needs of its users. This involves organizing
spaces in a way that facilitates patient flow, staff movement, and the delivery
of care. Key considerations include the layout of patient rooms, nursing
stations, treatment areas, and support services. A well-planned hospital
should minimize travel distances for staff and patients, reduce congestion,
and enhance communication among healthcare providers. Additionally,
flexible spaces that can adapt to changing needs over time are essential for
accommodating future advancements in healthcare delivery.
 5. LIGHTING
Lighting plays a vital role in creating a healing environment within a
hospital. Natural light has been shown to improve mood, reduce stress, and
promote healing, making it essential to incorporate windows, skylights, and
open spaces that allow for ample daylight. Additionally, the use of artificial
lighting should be carefully considered to create a comfortable atmosphere
that supports various activities, from patient care to staff work. Different
lighting levels can be used to enhance specific areas, such as brighter lights in
treatment rooms and softer, warmer lighting in waiting areas. Thoughtful
lighting design can significantly impact the overall experience of patients,
families, and staff.

The design considerations of User Needs, Site Analysis, Sustainability,

Spatial Planning, and Lighting are integral to creating a hospital that
effectively serves its community. By prioritizing these elements, designers can
develop a facility that not only meets the immediate healthcare needs of
patients and staff but also promotes a healing environment, enhances
operational efficiency, and contributes positively to the surrounding
community and environment.

DESIGN GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The primary goal of establishing a hospital in Barangay Mt. View is to improve

access to healthcare services for the community. To achieve this, the objective is to
establish a fully operational hospital within the next three years, providing
immediate access to medical care for residents. Additionally, the hospital will be
equipped to handle emergency situations, aiming to reduce response times by at
least 30% compared to current access to existing facilities. To further enhance
accessibility, transportation solutions, such as shuttle services or partnerships with
local transport providers, will be developed to facilitate access to the hospital for
residents in remote areas.

Another critical goal is to address the growing healthcare demands of the

community. This will begin with a comprehensive community health needs
assessment conducted within the first year of operation to identify specific
healthcare services required by the population. The hospital will offer a range of
medical services, including preventive care, surgical services, and specialized
treatments, within the first 18 months of opening. To accommodate the projected
population growth in Mariveles, the objective is to increase the hospital's patient
capacity by 50% within the first five years.

Enhancing health outcomes and quality of life is also a key goal. To support
this, health education programs and workshops will be implemented within the first
year to promote preventive care and healthy lifestyles among residents. Partnerships
with local schools and community organizations will be established to provide regular
health screenings and immunization drives, aiming to reach at least 70% of the
population annually. Furthermore, the hospital will monitor and evaluate health
outcomes through regular data collection and analysis, with the aim of achieving a
20% improvement in key health indicators, such as maternal and child health and
chronic disease management, within five years.

Fostering community engagement and empowerment is another essential

goal. To achieve this, a community advisory board will be created within the first year
to involve residents in decision-making processes related to hospital services and
programs. Quarterly community forums will be organized to gather feedback and
suggestions from residents regarding healthcare services and hospital operations.
Additionally, outreach programs targeting underserved populations will be developed
to ensure that at least 80% of residents are aware of the hospital's services and
resources within two years.

Finally, ensuring financial viability and sustainability is crucial for the long-
term success of the hospital. A comprehensive financial plan will be developed
within the first year, outlining funding sources, operational costs, and revenue
generation strategies to ensure the hospital's sustainability. The hospital will explore
partnerships with government agencies, NGOs, and private sector stakeholders to
secure funding and resources for operations and community health initiatives.
Implementing cost-effective practices and resource management strategies will also
be a priority, with the objective of reducing operational costs by at least 15% within
the first three years.

By establishing these goals and objectives, the hospital in Barangay Mt. View
can effectively address the healthcare needs of the community, improve health
outcomes, and foster a sense of well-being among residents.

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHONLOGY

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

1. Green Roofs and Living Walls

 Green roofs, or vegetated roofs, or eco-roofs are roof surfaces covered with
vegetation planted over a waterproofing membrane. These systems typically
comprise several layers, including a root barrier, drainage layer, and soil or growing
medium.

Living walls, also known as vertical gardens or green walls, are structures
covered with plants, either attached directly to the wall or installed using modular
systems.

These walls can be built indoors and outdoors and are designed to
accommodate a variety of plant species, including flowers, ferns, and even edible
plants. Living walls can be hydroponic, with plants growing in nutrient-rich water, or
use soil or other growing media.

Green roofs and living walls act as natural air filters, with plants absorbing
pollutants and CO2 while releasing oxygen through photosynthesis. In urban
environments, where air pollution is often a major concern, these features can
significantly contribute to healthier air and improved quality of life.

Natural insulation, green roofs, and living walls help regulate building
temperatures, reducing the need for air conditioning in summer and heating in
winter. This results in lower energy consumption and costs and reduced greenhouse
gas emissions. (Filipeboni, 2023)
 2. Natural Ventilation

Natural ventilation, unlike fan-forced ventilation, uses the natural forces of

wind and buoyancy to deliver fresh air into buildings. Fresh air is required in buildings
to alleviate odors, to provide oxygen for respiration, and to increase thermal comfort.
At interior air velocities of 160 feet per minute (fpm), the perceived interior
temperature can be reduced by as much as 5°F. However, unlike true air-
conditioning, natural ventilation is ineffective at reducing the humidity of incoming
air. This places a limit on the application of natural ventilation in humid climates.

Wind can blow air through openings in the wall on the windward side of the
building, and suck air out of openings on the leeward side and the roof. Temperature
differences between warm air inside and cool air outside can cause the air in the
room to rise and exit at the ceiling or ridge, and enter via lower openings in the wall.
Similarly, buoyancy caused by differences in humidity can allow a pressurized column
of dense, evaporatively cooled air to supply a space, and lighter, warmer, humid air
to exhaust near the top. These three types of natural ventilation effects are further
described below. (Natural Ventilation | WBDG - Whole Building Design Guide, 2013)

3. Daylighting

Daylighting in architecture and construction is the strategic use of natural

light to illuminate indoor spaces, reducing the need for artificial lighting.
Incorporating elements such as windows, skylights, and reflective surfaces,
daylighting lowers energy loads and operating costs, making it crucial for energy-
efficient design. (Daylighting in Architecture: Techniques and Benefits, 2012)

4. Sustainable Materials
 Sustainable materials are crucial in hospital design as they reduce
environmental impact, enhance indoor air quality, and lower operational costs.
Additionally, they contribute to the overall health and well-being of patients and staff
by creating a healthier and more efficient healthcare environment.

4.1. Recycled Steel

Steel is 100% recyclable, so it never loses its quality and can be used in the
same or different applications as it was before. In addition, recycling steel reduces
carbon emissions than when it is produced new.

4.2. Plasma Rocks

This material is made from recycled waste by heating the waste at extremely
high temperatures. As a result, 220 pounds of landfill waste can turn into 45 pounds
of plasma rock.

4.3. Precast Concrete

Precast concrete is an example of three sustainability factors: environmentally

friendly, economical, and socially responsible use. They can be reused several times
in different applications and can be produced locally, cutting down their carbon
footprint.

4.4. Smart Glass Window

 Also known as “dynamic glass,” smart glass contains metal oxide which makes
the glass’ tint level change when electricity is applied to it. A higher tint level blocks
heat from entering the building while a lower tint invites heat in. This concept
ultimately reduces a building’s heating and cooling needs by about 20 percent.

5. Rainwater Harvesting Systems

Rainwater collection is a highly increasing subject with the current serious

issue of water scarcity. Different harvesting methods for not wasting rainwater have
been developed and still developing. These methods are in various forms, from basic
rain barrels to complex setups with pumps, tanks, and even purification mechanisms.
The untreated gathered water can serve multiple basic purposes, such as watering
gardens, flushing toilets, cleaning vehicles, or purification mechanisms while it can
also be treated for safe human consumption. The reuse of rainwater plays a vital role
in providing water during dry periods while reducing the burden on municipal water
supplies, especially in densely populated areas. (Dogan & Dogan, 2011)

6. Modular Construction

Modular construction certainly can save costs, but that isn’t its primary
benefit. The primary benefit of modular construction is time saving and faster return
on investment. Since modular construction allows for industrialized assembly that
happens concurrently with site preparation, the total time it takes to build a
structure can be dramatically reduced. Often by the time the site is ready (foundation
levelled, plumbing in place, concrete poured, etc.) the factory-built modules are
ready to be placed. A modularly-built hotel, for example, can open its doors and start
generating revenue 30%-50% sooner than a traditionally-built hotel. (Cao, 2023)
ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY

1. Energy Management Systems

Optimizing energy use and integrating renewable energy sources, EMS

contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable building
practices. Improving energy efficiency, EMS can significantly reduce utility bills and
operational costs over time, providing financial benefits to building owners and
operators.

2. Solar Energy

Incorporating solar energy into architecture is becoming a crucial part of

creating new buildings in the modern world. An increasing number of architects and
builders are looking into using renewable energy sources in their projects due to
concerns over energy efficiency and sustainability.

Solar energy has become a major source of renewable energy, and

incorporating it into building design has several advantages for the environment and
the economy.

The decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and the total carbon footprint of a
structure are two of the most important advantages of using solar energy into
design.
 3. High-Efficiency HVAC Systems

An energy-efficient HVAC system operates to provide optimal heating,

cooling, and ventilation with the least amount of energy consumption. According to
the U.S. Department of Energy, heating, cooling, and ventilation account for 44% of
the energy used on-site in commercial buildings. So, you can imagine what kind of
savings you could rack up with an energy-efficient HVAC system. (Lee Company,
2017)

4. LED Lighting

LED lighting represents a revolution in eco-efficient lighting, reducing

buildings' energy consumption while maintaining high-quality illumination. Unlike
traditional bulbs, LEDs produce very little heat, reducing air conditioning needs
during warm months and contributing to better thermal comfort. Traditional bulbs
release 90% of their energy as heat, and CFLs release 80%. Partnership (2010)

5. Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV)

ERVs are designed to provide energy savings in mechanical ventilation

systems. They recycle energy from the building’s exhaust air to pretreat the outside
air/ventilation air. This preconditioning of outside air reduces the load the HVAC unit
must handle, and hence reduces the required capacity of the mechanical equipment.
(Kaminski, 2018)

HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT
Outpatient Department

1. Labware washers are used to clean various types of laboratory equipment.

Labware washers come in one of three typical configurations, floor or
freestanding, undercounter and tabletop. Floor or freestanding washers do
not need to be placed on, mounted to a countertop or cabinet.

2. Lab circulators and chillers include a fluid reservoir connected to a cooling or

heating system regulated by a digital or analog controller. The integral
reservoir, or water bath, may be open for easy access or enclosed by a gable
cover to prevent heat loss. Certain circulators include a pump to deliver water
to external equipment, such as refractometers, photometers, or viscometers.

3. Shakers - devices of various holding capacities that provide a constant source

of a specific pattern of motion, such as orbital, rocking, rolling, and
reciprocating movement. Ideal for procedures that require continuous motion
such as cell culture and sample preparation.

4. Thermo Scientific GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit is designed for

rapid and efficient purification of high-quality genomic DNA from various
mammalian cell culture and tissue samples, whole blood, bacteria and yeast.

The kit utilizes silica-based membrane technology in the form of a convenient

spin column, eliminating the need for expensive resins, toxic phenol-
chloroform extractions, or time-consuming alcohol precipitation.
 The standard procedure takes less than 20 minutes following cell lysis and
yields purified DNA greater than 30 kb in size. Isolated DNA can be used
directly in PCR, Southern blotting and enzymatic reactions.

5. Benchtop autoclaves are compact sterilization devices commonly used in

hospitals and healthcare settings for various purposes. Their primary function
is to sterilize medical instruments, laboratory equipment, and other items
that require a high level of cleanliness to prevent infection and ensure patient
safety.

6. Environmental test chambers, growth chambers, and stability chambers are

utilized in hospitals for various applications. These chambers help maintain
controlled conditions for testing the stability of pharmaceuticals, ensuring
product reliability, and supporting research in microbiology and plant growth,
thereby enhancing patient care and safety.

7. Safely contain chemical, biohazardous, and general waste; durable stainless

steel or plastic construction resists chemicals, contains leaks are critical for
maintaining a safe and hygienic environment. The use of durable materials
such as stainless steel or high-quality plastics for waste containers is essential
for several reasons.
 8. Hampers are essential items in hospitals, used primarily for the collection,
transport, and storage of various types of waste and laundry. Their design and
functionality are crucial for maintaining hygiene, safety, and efficiency in
healthcare settings.

Surgical and Obstetrical Service

1. Operating tables, also known as surgical tables, are essential pieces of

equipment in hospitals and surgical centers. They are specifically designed to
support patients during surgical procedures, providing a stable and adjustable
platform for surgeons and medical staff.

2. Surgical Booms, also known as equipment booms or equipment management

systems (EMS), are designed to constrain the electrical cords from various
pieces of equipment in the OR that can lead to tripping hazards for staff.

3. Minimally invasive surgery requires surgeons and surgical team members to

visualize intricate patient anatomy on surgical displays. They also provide
visualization of the procedure to all team members. Surgical displays,
including wall displays and large format displays, mount to surgical light arms,
equipment columns, or a wall and are used to display a close-up, crisp view of
the surgical site. Newer surgical displays may offer high-definition or 4K
visualization.
4. OR Integration is the connection of image and video in the operating room to
improve workflow, procedure guidance and peer collaboration. By allowing
OR equipment to communicate with each other via technology, OR
integration allows OR staff to coordinate and collaborate real-time.

5. Washing hands and forearms with a surgical scrub before performing a

procedure is vital to preventing infection in the surgical environment. Scrub
sinks are used by OR staff to “scrub in” before a surgery. Hand washing
remains one of the most important ways to prevent the transfer of bacteria.

6. Medication trolleys, also known as medication carts or drug trolleys, are

essential tools in healthcare settings, particularly in hospitals and nursing
homes. They are designed to facilitate the safe and efficient storage,
organization, and administration of medications.

7. Emergency patient stretchers, also known as ambulance stretchers or rescue

stretchers, are critical pieces of equipment in hospitals and emergency
medical services (EMS). They are designed to safely transport patients who
are injured, ill, or in need of urgent medical attention.

8. Ventilators are critical medical devices used in hospitals to assist or replace

spontaneous breathing in patients who are unable to breathe adequately on
their own. They play a vital role in the management of respiratory failure and
 are essential in various clinical settings, including intensive care units (ICUs),
emergency departments, and during surgical procedures.

9. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) systems are widely used in

hospitals to provide non-invasive respiratory support to patients with various
conditions that affect their ability to breathe effectively. CPAP therapy is
particularly beneficial for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA),
respiratory distress, and other pulmonary conditions.

10. Spirometer is a medical device used to measure the volume of air inhaled and
exhaled by the lungs. It is an essential tool in hospitals and healthcare settings
for assessing lung function and diagnosing respiratory conditions.

11. Defibrillators are critical medical devices used in hospitals and emergency
medical services to restore normal heart rhythm in patients experiencing life-
threatening cardiac arrhythmias, particularly ventricular fibrillation (VF) and
pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT).

12. ECG machines monitor the heart's electrical activity, like the rhythm and
more. The ECG test helps doctors diagnose and treat patients with heart
conditions such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and heart failure.
 13. Ultrasound machines examine the internal body through high-frequency
sound waves. These machines use high-frequency sounds to create an image
we often see after routine ultrasound checkups.

14. Moving patients from room to operation room to ICU is common in hospitals.
That is why a good quality patient bed is necessary in ICUs or hospitals. These
specialized beds can be adjusted to provide maximum comfort and safety. ICU
beds come with side rails, electric controls, and air mattresses to prevent
bedsores. So, no need to ask our patient to shift from one bed to another, a
good quality patient bed can save the day.

Ancillary Service Facility

1. An HBA1c machine device measures A1c levels, which are haemoglobin

molecules linked with sugar. These levels reflect a person's average blood
sugar due to this binding. The A1c test calculates your three-month blood
sugar average because haemoglobin lives for about 120 days. Laboratories
that diagnose diabetes, heart issues, and eye complications like retinopathy
keep this among their pathology lab equipment list.
2. The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test measures how quickly red
blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube in one hour. It helps identify
conditions like inflammation, pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, and anaemia.
Higher ESR levels may indicate an immune response or infection, as they can
pick up on even minor increases.
3. Utilising an IHC stainer among pathology lab equipment lists revolutionises
the detection of targeted proteins within tissue specimens, employing
precision-labelled antibodies. This advanced technique plays a pivotal role in
identifying various cancers and a spectrum of diseases, contributing to more
 accurate diagnoses. By integrating these sophisticated tools, medical
professionals can investigate cellular markers with unprecedented specificity
and speed.
4. A tissue processor of pathology lab equipment list serves a critical role in
histological studies, engaging in the meticulous dehydration of biological
samples. It also goes a step further to clarify the specimens, ensuring they are
free of obfuscations. Additionally, the equipment immerses tissues in paraffin
wax, a prerequisite for preserving their structural integrity.
5. An incubator is designed to maintain a consistent thermal environment,
which is crucial for the growth and development of bacterial cultures, cellular
samples, or tissue specimens. Incubator device is engineered to mimic the
optimal conditions these biological entities need to thrive. By offering a
controlled heating system, the incubator enables scientific professionals to
cultivate microbiological cultures or cell tissues with precision and reliability.
6. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) devices in a pathology lab equipment list
are seminal instruments in the amplification and scrutiny of both DNA and
RNA sequences. They facilitate the identification of pathogenic organisms,
crucial in diagnosing infectious diseases.
7. Automated Analyser is used to identify chemicals in bodily fluids, commonly
found in pathology lab equipment lists. It includes Photometry, which
observes colour shifts from light absorption, and Electrode methods that
count blood ions like potassium, sodium, and calcium.
8. A cryostat represents a high-precision instrument of pathology lab equipment
list, pivotal in the realm of histological studies. It functions as an extremely
low-temperature microtome, facilitating the dissection of ultra-fine tissue
samples. Essentially, it enables pathologists to slice through frozen specimens
with extraordinary finesse.
9. Automated coagulation analyzers are essential devices used in hospitals and
clinical laboratories to assess the coagulation status of patients. These
analyzers play a critical role in diagnosing and monitoring bleeding disorders,
managing anticoagulation therapy, and ensuring safe surgical procedures.
 10. Automated urinalysis analyzers are essential tools in hospitals and clinical
laboratories for the rapid and accurate analysis of urine samples. These
devices streamline the process of urinalysis, providing valuable information
for diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions.
11. Tube stands, also known as x-ray tube supports or x-ray tube mounts, are
essential components in x-ray rooms within hospitals and imaging centers.
They are designed to securely hold and position the x-ray tube during imaging
procedures.
12. Wall stands, also known as wall-mounted x-ray stands or vertical x-ray stands,
are essential components in x-ray rooms within hospitals and imaging
centers. They are designed to support the x-ray film or digital receptor during
imaging procedures, allowing for various patient positions and views.
13. Ultrasound machine is the central piece of equipment in the room. It
generates high-frequency sound waves and captures the echoes that bounce
back from tissues to create images.
14.

GENERAL NOTES

Provincial Government of Bataan. (2023, November 28). Mariveles - bataan.gov.ph.

Bataan.gov.ph. https://bataan.gov.ph/mariveles/

Filipeboni. (2023, August 9). The Green Revolution: How green roofs and living walls
are transforming urban spaces. UGREEN. https://ugreen.io/the-green-revolution-
how-green-roofs-and-living-walls-are-transforming-urban-spaces/

Natural Ventilation | WBDG - Whole Building Design Guide. (2013).

https://www.wbdg.org/resources/natural-ventilation
Daylighting in architecture: Techniques and benefits. (2012).
https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/daylighting-analysis-in-
architecture#:~:text=Effective%20daylighting%20design%20relies%20on,to
%20diffuse%20light%20more%20evenly.

The Top 50 Sustainable materials for modern architecture and construction. (2010).
https://www.swatchbox.com/blog/The-Top-50-Sustainable-Materials-for-Modern-
Architecture-and-Construction

Dogan, R., & Dogan, R. (2011). Designing with Purpose: Rainwater harvesting. PA |
Architecture & Technology. https://parametric-architecture.com/designing-with-
purpose-incorporating-rainwater-harvesting/?
srsltid=AfmBOorBSPQs3Bjk4LfqhMECEGMG4Dp70pD8ckLwFOd3_HeZo9ZfQfX2

Cao, L. (2023, April 26). Why choose modular construction? ArchDaily.

https://www.archdaily.com/949219/why-choose-modular-construction

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