Water
Grade 4
Water. Let's find out:
What are the properties of water?
How is water distributed on the earth's surface?
What is water quality?
Ice Hotel
Ice hotel
This is the inside of an ice hotel in Sweden. Every year, many tourists visit this
special hotel. Not only are the buildings and the sculptures made of ice, the
furniture is made of ice too.
What property of water makes it possible for the ice hotel to stay together
and not melt?
The property of water to change from liquid into solid when it is cooled to
0°C makes it possible for the ice hotel to stay together. Ice is the solid form
of water and has a fixed shape and volume.
What will happen to the ice hotel in the summer?
When temperature of the surrounding rises to above 0°C, ice melts. Hence,
the ice hotel will melt in summer.
Let’s watch together!
Properties of Water
What are the properties of water?
Pure water is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
It can exist in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state.
Let's flashback!
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
A solid has a definite shape and volume.
A liquid has no definite shape but has a definite volume.
A gas has no definite shape and volume.
Three States of Water
Solid: Water in solid state is called ice. Ice has a definite shape and a definite
volume.
Liquid: The water we drink, the water we use for cooking and washing, and the
water in rivers and oceans are in a liquid state. Liquid water has a definite
volume but no definite shape.
Gas: Water in the gaseous state is known as water vapor. We cannot see water
vapor, but it is present in the air around us. Water vapor has no definite shape or
volume.
Water can change
When water is heated or cooled, it changes from one state to another.
Change of states
Melting: When ice gains heat, it changes into liquid water. This is called
melting. It takes place of a temperature called the melting point. The melting
point of ice is 0°C.
Freezing: When the liquid water is cooled to 0°C, it changes into ice. This is
called freezing. It takes place of a temperature called the freezing point. The
freezing point of water is 0°C.
Boiling: When liquid water is heated to 100°C, it changes into water vapor.
This is called boiling. It takes place at a temperature called the boiling point.
The boiling point of water is 100°C.
Evaporation: Liquid water can change into water vapor by another process
called evaporation. Evaporation can take place at any temperature.
Condensation: When water vapor cools, it changes into liquid. This change of
state is called condensation. It takes place at any temperature. The white
clouds that are formed when water vapor condense are made of tiny drops of
water.
Change of Water
After the cold water is left in the open for five minutes. It will forms tiny
drops of water outside of the glass.
Water vapour in the air becomes cooler when it touches the glass, causing to
form tiny drops of water / causing it to become a liquid again.
Change of Water
White clouds are formed when water vapour condenses.
Condensation is a process when the water vapour turns into liquid water.
Let’s think!
When we hang clothes out to dry, what happens to the water in the clothes?
Why do clothes dry faster on a sunny day than on a cloudy day?
The water in the clothes evaporates.
Clothes dry faster on a sunny day than on a cloudy day, because water evaporates
faster when air temperature is higher.
How is water distributed on the Earth's
surface?
The majority of water on the Earth is found in oceans.
The remaining water is present in lakes, rivers, glaciers, ice sheets,
underground, and in the air.
About three quarters of the Earth's surface is covered with water. This makes
the Earth appear blue when seen from space.
Oceans
Most of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans.
Freshwater
A very small part of Earth's surface is covered by freshwater, such as lakes and
rivers.
Water Vapor
Water vapor is present in the air, but cannot be seen. Clouds are formed when
this water vapor condenses.
High Mountains
In high mountains, water is present in the form of glaciers.
Polar regions
In polar regions, water is present in the form of thick ice sheets.
Underground
Some water is also stored underground.
What is water quality?
Water quality refers to the characteristics of water that determine
whether it is safe or suitable for use.
We use water for drinking, cooking, and washing. Water has many
applications in our daily lives.
Not only do we need water for drinking, cooking, and washing, water is
also needed for irrigation, transportation, recreational activities, and
in various manufacturing industries.
Turbidity and Odor
Turbidity and odor are two characteristics that we use to find out about the
quality of water.
Turbidity
Turbidity refers to how clear or murky water looks.
Water looks murky if it has some small particles in it.
Soil chemicals or algae are examples of these particles.
Water that is murky and brown is not suitable for drinking.
Odor
If water gives off a bad odor smell, it is a sign that bacteria or some harmful
chemicals are present in the water.
This type of water is not suitable for drinking.
Purposes of Water
Water of different qualities are used for different purposes.
Water that is suitable for washing clothes may not be suitable for drinking.
Water for drinking should be clean and safe.
It must not look murky or have a bad odor.
It is best to treat water from natural resources to make it suitable for
drinking.
Water treatment plant is a place where water is treated to make it safe for
drinking.
Self-check.
1. Pure water is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
2. Water can exist in the solid, liquid or gaseous state and can change from one
state to another when it is heated or cooled.
3. The change of state from ice to liquid water is called melting.
4. The change of state from liquid water to ice is called freezing.
5. When liquid water changes into water vapor at the boiling point, it is called
boiling.
6. When water vapor changes into liquid, it is called condensation.
7. Water on Earth's surface is present in the form of oceans, lakes, rivers, ice
sheets, glaciers, underground water, and water vapor in air.
8. Water for drinking must not look murky or have a bad odor.
9. Water from natural resources is treated in water treatment plants to make it
safe for drinking.
Thank you!
