TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE

2020 JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Higher 2

9749/01
PHYSICS
17 Sept 2020
Booklet 1 Multiple Choice Questions
1 hour

Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name and Civics group on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided.

There are thirty questions in this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four
possible answers, A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer
Sheet.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

Do NOT open the booklets until you are told to do so.

This booklet consists of 15 printed pages.

 2

Data
speed of light in free space c  3.00  108 m s1
permeability of free space 0  4   107 H m1
permittivity of free space 0  8.85  1012 F m1
 (1/(36))  109 F m1
elementary charge e  1.60  1019 C
the Planck constant h  6.63  1034 J s
unified atomic mass constant u  1.66  1027 kg
rest mass of electron me  9.11  1031 kg
rest mass of proton mp  1.67  1027 kg
molar gas constant R  8.31 J K1 mol1
the Avogadro constant NA  6.02  1023 mol1
the Boltzmann constant k  1.38  1023 J K1
gravitational constant G  6.67  1011 N m2 kg2
acceleration of free fall g  9.81 m s2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion s  ut  21 at 2
v 2  u 2  2as
work done on / by a gas W  pV
hydrostatic pressure p  gh
gravitational potential    Gm r
temperature T/K  T/C + 273.15
1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p c
3 V
3
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule E  kT
2
displacement of particle in s.h.m. x  x0 sint
velocity of particle in s.h.m. v  v0 cost   x02  x 2
electric current I  Anvq
resistors in series R  R1 + R2 + . . . .
resistors in parallel 1/R  1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . . .
electric potential V  Q/(40r)
alternating current / voltage x  x0 sint
0I
magnetic flux density due to a long straight wire B
2 d
0N I
magnetic flux density due to a flat circular coil B
2r
magnetic flux density due to a long solenoid B  0 n I
radioactive decay x  x0 exp(t)
ln 2
decay constant 
t1
2
 3

1 What is the number of SI base units required to express electric field strength and power?

electric field strength power

A 3 3
B 3 2
C 4 2
D 4 3

2 The angular deflection of the needle of an ammeter varies with the current in the ammeter as
shown in the graph.

Which diagram could represent the appearance of the scale on this meter?
A B

C D

3 An object accelerates uniformly along a straight line from X to Z as shown in the figure.

u v
  
X Y Z

It passes X and Z with speeds u and v respectively.

What is the speed when it passes Y, which is the mid-point of XZ?

A (uv)
B ½ (u + v )
C ½ (u2+v2)
D (u2+v2)
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4 A stone is dropped from a tall building. Air resistance is significant. The variation of distance
fallen with time is shown by the dashed line.
A second stone with the same dimensions but a smaller mass is dropped from the same building.
Which line represents the motion of the second stone?

5 Three crates of masses 5m, m and 3m are stacked on top of one another on the floor of a
lift as shown in the figure below.

5m
a
m
3m

When the lift is accelerating upwards with an acceleration a, the magnitude of the force
mass m exerts on the mass 3m is given by

A 6mg – 3ma B 6mg + 3ma C 6mg – 6ma D 6mg + 6ma

6 A solid wooden sphere of density 650 kg m−3 has a mass of 0.75 kg.
It is pushed below the surface of water as shown. The density of water is 1000 kg m−3.
mass

What is the force F needed to be applied to the sphere to keep the wooden sphere
stationary in this position?

A 3.9 N B 7.3 N C 11 N D 19 N
 5

7 A particle X has initial momentum p. It collides with a stationary particle Y. The particle X is
deflected through angle  and its momentum is pX. The particle Y moves off at angle  to the
original direction of motion of particle X with momentum pY as shown.

Which equation is a correct statement for momentum in this collision?

A p = pX + pY
B p = pX sinθ + pY sin
C pX cosθ = pY cos
D pX sinθ = pY sin

8 Two springs labelled spring 1 and spring 2 are supporting a load of 80 N as shown.
Spring 1 has an elastic constant k1 = 4 kN m–1 and spring 2 has an elastic constant
k2 = 2 kN m–1.

spring 1

spring 2

What is the ratio

elastic potential energy stored in the spring 1 ?
elastic potential energy stored in the spring 2

A 4:1 B 2:1 C 1:4 D 1:2

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9 A trolley is pushed with a force of 3.0 N for 2.0 s along a frictionless track.

The graph shows the velocity of the trolley against time.

How much work is done by the force on the trolley?

A 1.5 J B 3.0 J C 6.0 J D 9.0 J

10 A boy is sitting on a playground turntable and is rotating with uniform angular velocity.

The reaction force that the turntable exerts on the child is 160 N.
The weight of the boy is 120 N.

What is the acceleration of the boy?

A 0.88 m s-2 B 3.3 m s-2 C 8.7 m s-2 D 84.3 m s-2

 7

11 A satellite of mass 1500 kg is in the Earth’s gravitational field. It moves from a point where the
gravitational potential is – 30 MJ kg–1 to a point where the gravitational potential is
– 20 MJ kg–1.

What is the direction of movement of the satellite and the change in its gravitational potential
energy?

direction of change in
movement of satellite gravitational potential energy / GJ

A away from Earth 15

B away from Earth 75
C towards Earth 15
D towards Earth 75

12 A block of ice is heated at a constant rate by a 0.25 kW heater.

The graph below shows how the temperature of the ice (and subsequently water) changes
with time.

Assume that all the energy supplied is used to heat the ice.

What is the original mass of the block of ice? The specific latent heat of fusion of water is
3.3 × 105 J kg–1.

A 0.5 g B 8.3 g C 0.5 kg D 8.3 kg

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13 Which statement about internal energy is correct?

A The internal energy of a system can be increased without transfer of energy by heating.
B The internal energy of a system depends only on its temperature.
C When the internal energy of a system is increased, its temperature always rises.
D When two systems have the same internal energy, they must be at the same
temperature,

14 The graph shows how the acceleration a varies with displacement x for a particle moving in
simple harmonic motion.

What is the amplitude and period of the motion?

amplitude/ cm period/ s

A 10.0 0.44

B 5.0 0.44

C 10.0 14

D 5.0 14

15 A particle oscillates with simple harmonic motion along a straight line with amplitude A. When
A
the displacement of the particle from its equilibrium position is , its speed is u.
2

What is the speed of the particle when passing the equilibrium position?

2
A u
3

B 2u

C 3u

D 4u
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16 The diagram below shows the variation with frequency f of the amplitude x0 of the forced
oscillation of a machine.

At resonance, what is the maximum speed of the machine and the degree of damping it
experiences?

maximum speed / m s-1 degree of damping

A 1.55 light
B 1.55 heavy
C 14.6 light
D 14.6 heavy

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17 A transverse wave on a rope has wavelength  and period T.

The graph shows the variation of the displacement of the particles of the rope with distance in
the direction of travel of the wave at time t = 0.

Which graph shows the variation of the displacement of particle X with time t ?
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18 A parallel, monochromatic beam of electromagnetic radiation is incident at right angles onto a

single slit of width 0.010 mm.
The graph shows how the intensity of the radiation varies with the sine of the angle θ through
which the light is diffracted.

What is the wavelength of the radiation?

A 500 nm B 750 nm C 500 μm D 750 μm

19 A potential difference is applied between two metal plates that are not parallel.

Which diagram shows the electric field between the plates?

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20 The graph shows the I-V characteristics of three electrical components, a diode, a filament lamp
and a resistor, plotted on the same axes.

Which statement is correct?

A The resistance of the diode equals that of the filament lamp at about 1.2V.
B The resistance of the diode is constant above 0.8V.
C The resistance of the filament lamp is twice that of the resistor at 1.0 V.
D The resistance of the resistor equals that of the filament lamp when V = 0.8 V.

21 A filament lamp is rated as “120V, 40W”.

The lamp is connected into a circuit so that it lights up normally.
Which statement is correct?

A The charge passing through the filament in one second is 3.0 C.

B The lamp transfer 40 J for each coulomb passing through the filament.
C The lamp transfers 120 J in 3.0 s.
D The supply provides 40 J to the lamp when the current is 3 A.

22 A steady current I dissipates a certain power in a variable resistor. When a sinusoidal alternating
current is used, the variable resistor has to be reduced to one quarter of its initial value to obtain
the same power. What is the peak value of the alternating current?

A 2I B 2I C 2 2I D 4 2I
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23 The diagram below shows a horizontal plane through which four long straight vertical wires pass.

Wires P, Q and R are at three corners of a square and wire S is at the centre.
Wire P carries a current of 1 A out of the paper. Wire Q carries 2 A into the paper. Wire R carries
3 A out of the paper. Wire S carries a current out of the paper.
Which one of the arrows below shows the direction of the force on wire S?

24 A rectangular coil with 100 turns has dimensions 5.0 cm by 10.0 cm. It is placed in a magnetic
field of flux density 0.55 T and a current of 1.6 A passes through the coil. The magnetic field
lines lie in the plane of the rectangular coil.

What is the magnitude and direction of the maximum torque?

5.0 cm

0.55 T

1.6 A 10.0 cm

A 0.44 N m with right edge moving into plane of paper

B 0.22 N m with right edge moving into plane of paper

C 0.44 N m with the left edge moving into plane of paper

D 0.22 N m with left edge moving into plane of paper

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25 The diagram shows a metal disc rotating anti-clockwise in a uniform magnetic field.

P
   

   
Q
   

   

Which of the following describes the direction of current along radius PQ and the potential of P
with respect to Q?

direction of current potential of P with

along radius PQ respect to Q

A P to Q lower

B Q to P lower

C Q to P higher

D P to Q higher

26 A bar magnet is dropped vertically above a coil that is connected to a galvanometer. As the
magnet approaches the coil, the galvanometer deflects to the right by 10 units.

What is the deflection of the galvanometer as the magnet leaves the coil?

A to the left by less than 10 units

B to the left by more than 10 units
C to the right by less than 10 units
D to the right by more than 10 units
 15

27 The following are some statements on photoelectric effect. Which of the following statements is
true?

A No emission of electrons occurs for very low intensity of illumination.

B Doubling the frequency of radiation will double the stopping potential.

C For a given metal, there is a minimum frequency of radiation below which no emission of
photoelectrons occurs.

D The velocity of the emitted photoelectrons will increase if the intensity of the incident
radiation increases on the metal surface.

28 In a photoelectric experiment, the potential difference V that must be maintained between the
illuminated surface and the collector so as just to prevent any electrons from reaching the
collector is determined for different frequencies f of the incident illumination. The graph below is
obtained.

V1

f
f0 f1

The Planck constant is given by

V1 V1 eV1 f1  f0
A B C D
f1 f1  f0 f1  f0 eV1

29 The de Broglie wavelength of an electron that is accelerated from rest through a potential
difference of V is given by . The wavelength  is proportional to

A V 1 2 B V12 C V D V2

30 An electron moves with a constant velocity of 1.5  106 m s1 . If its momentum is measured to
a precision of 0.2%, what is the uncertainty associated with its position?

A 2.4  107 m B 3.9  108 m

C 1.2  1010 m D 1.9  1010 m

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 17

2020 H2 Prelim Section A Solutions:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D A C C D A D D A C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A C A B A A C A A A
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C B A A B C C A A

1 D Electric field strength E = F/q, units = NC-1 = kgms-2(As) = kg ms-1A4 base units

Power P = Fv, units = kgms-2 ms-1 = kgm2 s-33 base units

2 A From graph, angular deflection of the needle increases at a decreasing rate as the
current increases. Hence, the separation of the current scale will decrease as the
current increases.
3 C Constant acceleration a

So v2 = u2 + 2as  as = ½ (v2-u2)
At Y, vY2 = u2 + 2a(s/2) = u2 + as = u2 + ½ (v2-u2) = ½ (u2+ v2)
4 C During fall in air, weight of ball - viscous force = ma
Initially the ball is accelerating at a decreasing rate since viscous force increases with
speed.
At terminal speed, weight of ball - viscous force, i.e mg = kv
If mass m is less, terminal speed is less.
The gradient of s – t graph gives the velocity v. answer is C.
5 D Let F be the upward force by 3m on the system of (m + 5m).
Fnet on system of (m + 5m) = F – 6mg
F – 6mg = 6ma
F = 6mg + 6ma
By Newton’s 3rd law, magnitude of force m exerts on 3m = F = 6mg + 6ma
6 A Volume of sphere = M/ = 0.75/650 = 1.15 x 10-3 m3

F F

Mg

For equilibrium,
F + Mg = U

F = U – Mg = Vwg – Mg
= 1.15 x 10-3x 103x9.81 – 0.75 x 9.81
= 3.9 N

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7 D COM is observed in the x- and y-direction.

x-direction: p = pX cosθ + pY cosα
y-direction: 0 = pX sinθ - pY sinα
8 D Extension x = F/k
Both string are stretched by same force 80 N.
x1 = 80/4000 = 0.02m , x2 = 80/2000 = 0.04m
ratio of pe = ½ Fx1 / ½ F x2 = x1 /x2 = 1:2

9 A During 2.0 s, displacement s = area under v-t graph = ½ x2.0x0.5 = 0.5 m

Work done by force = Fs = 3.0 x 0.5 = 1.5 J
10 C The resultant of 160 N and 120 N should provide the horizontal centripetal force.
Resultant force = (1602 – 1202) =105.8 N
Resultant force = ma
105.8 = (120/9.81) a  a = 8.65 ms-2
11 A Gravitational potential increases towards infinity. -20 MJ kg-1 is at a higher point than -30
MJ kg–1. So mass is moving away from Earth.
change in GPE = mass x change in potential = 1500(-20+30) x 106 = 15 GJ

12 C From graph, time to melt completely = 11 x 60 s

Power x time = mL
0.25 x 103 x 11 x 60 = m x 3.3 × 105
m = 0.5 kg

13 A A is correct. Since U = Q + W U can be increased by Q and/or W.

B is wrong because internal energy U = sum of ke and pe of molecules of a system. Only

ke depends on temperature but pe depends on intermolecular forces of attraction and
separation between molecules.
C and D are wrong statements, same explanation as B.
Note: if the system is an ideal gas, then B, C and D are correct statements.
14 B Amplitude = 5.0 cm

a = -2x, 10 = (2/T)2 (0.050)  T = 0.44 s

15 A A   A2  
At displacement = , u 2   2  A2   
2   4 
At displacement = 0, v 2   2 A2

2
Therefore v  u
3

16 A From graph, resonant freq, fo = 1.5 Hz, amplitude x0 = 16.4 cm = 0.164 m.

Hence vmax = ωxo = (2fo) x0 = 1.55 m s-1. Light damping as curve has sharp peak
17 C The next waveform is shifted to the right as shown. X is travelling downwards from
equilibrium position.
 19

18 A First minima position: b sin  = 

0.010 x 10-3 x 0.05 = 
5.0 x 10-7 m = 

19 A Field lines should be perpendicular to the metal plate surfaces.

At the bottom, the distance between the two plates is the shortest.
At the top, the distance between the two plates is the longest.

Hence, the rate of change of potential will be highest at the bottom, and lowest at the
top.

Since E = -dV/dx, field strength is strongest at the bottom and is represented by the
closer field lines.

20 A Resistance is V/I which is the same for the diode graph and filament lamp at 1.2 V
where the two graphs intersect.

21 C E=Pt=40x3=120 J

22 C R
P  I 2 R  I rms
2

I rms  2 I  I o  2 2I
23 B S experiences attractive forces towards P and R (Like currents) but since R
has a higher current, net force is towards R. Q has a current in the opposite
direction so S experiences another force away from Q. Resultant force is
downwards.
24 A FB = N x (BIL sinθ) = 100 x 0.55 x 1.6 x 0.1
= 8.8 N
Torque = 8.8 x 0.05
= 0.44 N m
Using FLHR, direction of force on right edge is moving into the plane of paper.
25 A
Let PQ be a straight conductor:
Using Fleming’s right hand rule, current flows from P to Q. As P and Q behaves like a
battery, current flows from low to high potential. Hence, P is of a lower potential.

26 B

27 C
Option A : Incorrect. If the frequency of light is sufficiently high, even at extremely low intensities
there will be emission of photoeelectrons.
Option B : Incorrect. From Einstein’s photoelectric effect equation, there is not direct relationship
between frequency and stopping potential. Increasing frequency will increase stopping potential
but the relationship is not linear.

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 20
Option D: Increasing the intensity of the incident photons will not change the energy of each
photon, it just increases the no. of photons per unit time incident on the metal. Hence, the
energy of the photoelectrons emitted will not change as the interaction between each photon and
electron remains the same.

28 C

eV = hf – hf0

29 A

λ = h/p
p = mv
E = ½ mv2 = eV
Hence p is proportional to V1/2 and λ is proportional to V-1/2

30 A
p = mv = (9.11 × 10-31)(1.50× 106)=1.37 × 10-24 kg m s-1
p = 0.002 p = 0.002(1.37 × 10-24) = 2.74 × 10-27 kg m s-1
x = h / (2.74 × 10-27)= 2.41 × 10-7 m
2020 Physics H2 P2 Mark Scheme

1a R0 390 A1
Effective resistance =   195 
2 2
[For N identical resistors of resistance R in parallel, effective resistance is
simply R/N]
1b actual uncertainty for each resistor = 5% of R0 = 19.5 = 20  (to 1 SF)
R0
Since effective resistance R =
2
R = ½ R 0 C1
= ½ (20)
A1
= 10  (to 1 SF)

Alternative method accepted:

actual uncertainty for each resistor = 5% of R0 = 19.5 = 20  (to 1 SF)
range of possible values for each resistor = (390  20)  i.e. 370  to 410 
410
Maximum possible resistance =  205 
2
C1
370
Minimum possible resistance =  185 
2
m
a
x2
m
i
n

- 205  185
Total R =   10  A1
2
1c R = V/I = 194.1935 C1
R V I
 
R V I
R 0.01 0.001
  C1
194.19 6.02 0.031
R  7  A1

2(a) Gain in kinetic energy = loss in gravitational potential energy

𝑚𝑣 𝑚𝑔ℎ
M1
𝑣 10.0 9.81 2
𝑣 14.0 𝑚 𝑠
A0

cos 𝜃 = M1
𝜃 48.2° A0
 2b(i) The path is a parabola. B1
A constant vertical force, weight, acts on the bolt while its horizontal velocity B1
remains constant as there is no horizontal force.
[Reference to forces acting on the ball must be made. Avoid using the term
‘gravity’]
2b(ii) 1
sy  uy t  ay t 2
2
1
 
20.0  14.0 sin 48.2 t  (9.81)t 2
2
C1

t  1.22 s A1
(c)

B1
(d)

A to B: curve up showing increasing velocity with increasing gradient from

zero to maximum (B1)
B to C: straight line showing increasing velocity with constant gradient (B1)

3 (a) By conservation of energy, loss in epe of spring = Gain in ke of block A

M1
 1 2 1 A1
kx  0   mA  u 2  0
2 2
k  0.020   1.5  0.50 
2 2

k  938 N m1

(b) By conservation of momentum: mAu  mAv1  mBv 2 M1

1.5  0.50   1.5  v1   0.50  v 2  0.75  1.5v1  0.50v 2  (1)
Relative speed of approach = relative speed of separation M1
0.5  v 2  v1  v1  v 2  0.5  (2)
solve, v 2  0.75 m s 1 A1
[The math is much more tedious if students chose to work with conservation of KE
equation. For head-on elastic collision, students can use ‘Relative speed of
approach = relative speed of separation’]
(c) (i)
force

Fmax
B1

time

- Fmax

(ii) Area under the force time graph is change in momentum of a body. B1
Area under the graphs of A and B are equal in magnitude but opposite in B1
direction. This implies gain in momentum of one block equals loss in
momentum of the other.

(d) B continues to move after colliding with A again and hence has kinetic energy. A M1
has less kinetic energy than at the start as part of it has been transferred to B. A1
Thus energy transferred to spring is lesser and the new compression of spring will
be less than 2.0 cm.

4 (a) Sum of the forces on the body in any direction must be zero. B1
Sum of the moments of the forces about any point on the body must be zero. B1
 (b) (i)
N1 N2
M1 M2
40 40

W1 W2

correct identification of forces B1

correct orientation of forces B1
(ii) N cos 50  2(9.81) M1
N  30.5 N
A1
(c) (i) The horizontal components of N1 and N2 must be equal in magnitude (so B1
that horizontal net force is zero).
(ii) Consider moments about the intersection of N1 and N3. B1
If bar is horizontal, clockwise moment produced by 4g is larger than the anti- B1
clockwise moment produced by 2g.
OR
Consider the lines of action of N1, N3 and 6g.
They will not intersect at one point since the C.G. lies closer to M3 than M1.

(iii) M3 [1

40 40
M1

5 (a) If the resultant force is directed towards the centre of the circle or perpendicular to
the velocity B1
the linear speed remains unchanged but its direction changes with time [B1].
(b) (i) T = Mg = 0.90 x 9.81 = 9.83 N A1
 Resultant force

= T 2   mg
2

M1
 8.82    0.30×9.81
2 2
=
A0
=8.3 N

(ii) Resultant force = mr

2

9.76  mr  2 f 
2

M1
8.324
r 2
 0.0826 m
  175   A1
0.30  2  
  60  
(iii) It would not be possible for the string to be horizontal because the string needs
to make an angle with the horizontal such that there is a vertical component
of the tension to balance the weight. B1

6(a) By the principle of potential divider,

𝑅 11000 M1
𝑉 𝑉 12
𝑅 11000 1000
𝑉 = 11 V A1

(b)(i) . A1
𝐼 2.7 10 A

(b)(ii) Since 9 V must exist across CJ, by principle of potential divider, the contact should A1
be 0.75 x the length of CD = 0.75 m.

(b)(iii) 𝑉 3.0 M1
𝑅
𝑃 0.6 A1
=15 Ω

(c) The lamp has a much smaller resistance compared to the voltmeter, resulting in a B1
much smaller effective resistance across JD.
Hence, potential difference across JD will be much smaller than 3.0 V, insufficient B1
to provide a noticeable brightness in the lamp.
Note: A lamp of 15 Ω in parallel with a resistance of 250 Ω gives an effective
resistance of 14 Ω. The potential difference across the lamp is then only
12 0.22 V, which is much lesser than the rating of 3.0 V.)
(d)

B1 - LED is forward biased and in parallel with LDR

B1 - fixed resistor in series

The magnetic flux density at a point is defined as the force acting per unit current per unit
7(a) B1
length of a conductor when the conductor is placed at right angles to the field.
(b) I I C2
BR  BA  BB  o A  o B
2 d 2 d
4  10  0.32 0.080 
7
  0.06  0.06 
2  
7
 8.0  10 T A1
(By Fleming’s Left Hand Rule), electromagnetic force on wire is vertically upwards B1
(c)
Force on wire = BIL = 0.065 (2.2 )0.040 =5.72 x 10-3 N B1
By Newton’s Third Law, there is an equal and opposite force acting downwards on the B1
magnet.
Reading on balance = 1.1772 + 0.00572 = 1.1829 N A1

[Balance reading must be given to precision of the instrument of 4 dp.]

8(a) Show with at least 2 sets of values that p is not equals to k /V, ie. p1V1  p2V2 B2
1 mark deduced for any incorrect reading of the 2 sets of data

pV = nRT. From the graph, pV increases when the gas is compressed. M1

(b)(i)
Therefore temperature increases. A1

Moving piston transfers K.E to the argon atoms thereby rebound speed becomes higher, B1
(ii)
and this increases the mean K.E of argon atoms, thus temperature increases.
(c) -3 3 5
(i) From Fig. 7.2, when volume V = 1.00 x 10 m , pressure p = 2.6 x 10 /2.65 x 105
lg (p / Pa) = 5.41/ 5.42 A1

Correct plot A1
(ii)
Line of best fit drawn A1
 -X = gradient B1
Y-intercept = lg y
2 points read correctly from the graph A1

- x = (5.0 – 5.6) / (-2.69 – (-3.12))

x = 1.4 A1
Correct substitution and determination of x
Substitute x = 1.4 into the straight line equation, using the point (-2.69, 5.0)
5.0 = -1.4(-2.69) + lg y
lg y = 1.234
y = 17
Correct substitution and determination of y A1

19.5%  3.0  10 23  5.85  10 22 A1

d (i)

(ii) (Percentage < 200 m s-1 ) = 1%  2.5%  3.5%

3.5%  3.0  10 23  1.05  1022 A1
Total percentage = 98.5%
(iii)
1.5%  3.0 1023 C1
A1
 4.5 1021
(iv) n1v12  n2v22  ....nN vN2
Crms  C1
n1  n2  .....nN

1 502  2.5 1502  9.5  2502  18  3502  21.5  4502  19.5  5502  13.5  6502  7.5  7502  4  8502  1.5  9502

98.5

= 526 m s-1 A1

Hence, Crms falls in the range of 500 -600 m s-1 B1

Note : Concept needs to be correct to obtain the last mark for the range.
(e)
Sketch showing more atoms at higher speed and fewer atoms at lower speed. B1
 TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE
2020 JC2 Preliminary Examination
Higher 2

NAME

CG

PHYSICS 9749/02

Paper 2 Structured Questions 26 Aug 2020

2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

For Examiner’s Use

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST 1
Write your civics group and name in the spaces at the top of this page. 2
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. 3
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. 4
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. 5
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where 6
appropriate.
Answer all questions 7

8
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each s.f.
question or part question.
Total

This booklet consists of 20 printed pages

 2

Data
speed of light in free space c  3.00  108 m s1
permeability of free space 0  4   107 H m1
permittivity of free space 0  8.85  1012 F m1
 (1/(36))  109 F m1
elementary charge e  1.60  1019 C
the Planck constant h  6.63  1034 J s
unified atomic mass constant u  1.66  1027 kg
rest mass of electron me  9.11  1031 kg
rest mass of proton mp  1.67  1027 kg
molar gas constant R  8.31 J K1 mol1
the Avogadro constant NA  6.02  1023 mol1
the Boltzmann constant k  1.38  1023 J K1
gravitational constant G  6.67  1011 N m2 kg2
acceleration of free fall g  9.81 m s2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion s  ut  21 at 2

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v 2  u 2  2as

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work done on / by a gas W  pV

hydrostatic pressure p  gh
gravitational potential    Gm r
temperature T/K  T/C + 273.15
1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p c
3 V
3
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule E  kT
2
displacement of particle in s.h.m. x  x0 sint
velocity of particle in s.h.m. v  v0 cost   x02  x 2
electric current I  Anvq
resistors in series R  R1 + R 2 + . . . .
resistors in parallel 1/R  1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . . .
electric potential V  Q/(40r)
alternating current / voltage x  x0 sint
0I
magnetic flux density due to a long straight wire B
2 d
0N I
magnetic flux density due to a flat circular coil B
2r
magnetic flux density due to a long solenoid B  0 n I
radioactive decay x  x0 exp(t)
ln 2
decay constant 
t1
2
 3

1 A student doing a science project wired two identical resistors in parallel into a circuit.
The manufacturer specifications for each resistor are resistance R0 = 390  with a
percentage uncertainty of 5%.

(a) Calculate the effective resistance of the two resistors in parallel.

R=  [1]

(b) Calculate the absolute uncertainty R in the effective resistance of the two resistors in
parallel.

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R =  [2]

(c) To verify the effective resistance is as calculated from manufacturer specifications, the
student sets up the following circuit as shown in Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1

The meter readings are as follows:

Voltmeter: V = 6.02  0.01 V
Ammeter: I = 0.031  0.001 A

[Turn over
 4

Calculate the absolute uncertainty Rm of the effective resistance based on the meter
readings.

absolute uncertainty Rm =  [3]

2 A steel bolt of mass 200 g, initially at rest, slides down a hemispherical dome from A to B as
shown in Fig 2.1. The surface of the dome is smooth.

The steel bolt loses contact with the surface of the dome at point B, which is 10 m vertically

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below the top of the dome.

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From B to C, the steel bolt continues to fall through the air and hits the ground at point C at a
horizontal distance of x from B. The radius of the dome is 30 m. Assume air resistance is
negligible.

Fig. 2.1
 5

(a) Using energy considerations, show that the velocity of the steel bolt at B is 14 m s-1
at an angle of 48.2o below the horizontal.

[2]

(b) (i) With reference to the forces acting on the bolt, state and explain the path taken
by the steel bolt from B to C.

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[2]

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(ii) Calculate the time taken for the bolt to fall to the ground from B to C,

time taken = s [2]

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 6

(c) Fig. 2.2 shows the variation with time of the vertical component of acceleration of the
bolt ay from point A to point B. Complete the sketch to show the variation of vertical
component acceleration ay of the bolt with time from point B to C.

Fig. 2.2
[1]

(d) On Fig.2.3, sketch the variation with time of the vertical component of the velocity vy of

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the steel bolt from point A to point C.

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vy / m s-2

time time time t/s

at A at B at C

Fig. 2.3
[2]
 7

3 Fig. 3.1 shows block A of mass 1.5 kg held against a massless spring with a force F. The
spring is compressed by 2.0 cm.

F
A
B

Fig. 3.1

Force F is then removed and the spring returns to its natural length. Block A loses contact
with the spring with a speed of 0.50 m s–1 and approaches a stationary block B of mass
0.50 kg as shown in Fig. 3.2.

0.50 m s–1

A
B

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Fig. 3.2

Ignore all resistive forces.

(a) Determine the force constant k of the spring.

k N m 1 [2]

(b) Block A collides elastically head-on with block B. Determine the final velocity of B.

final velocity of B = m s 1 [3]

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 8

(c) Fig 3.3 shows the variation with time of the force acting on block A during the collision
with block B.

force

time

Fig. 3.3

(i) Sketch on Fig. 3.3, the corresponding graph of how the force on B varies with time
during the duration of the collision. [1]

(ii) Explain how your graph is consistent with the principle of conservation of

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momentum.
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[2]

(d) Block B hits the opposite wall elastically, rebounds and collides with block A. Block A
compresses the spring again. State with reason whether the new compression of the
spring will be more or less than 2.0 cm.

[2]
 9

4 (a) State the two conditions required for a body to be in a state of equilibrium.

1.

2.

[2]

(b) Two smooth spheres M1 and M2, both of mass 2.0 kg, are connected by an inextensible
bar of negligible mass to form a rigid body. The spheres rest on smooth surfaces inclined
at 40° as shown in Fig. 4.1.

M1 M2
40 40

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Fig. 4.1

(i) The system consisting of two spheres and the bar as one rigid body is in a state
of equilibrium when the bar is horizontal. Draw and label clearly the forces acting
on the system in Fig 4.1. [2]
(ii) Calculate the contact force that the incline exerts on the sphere M1.

force = N [2]

(c) Sphere M2 is now replaced by another sphere M3, of mass 4.0 kg.

(i) Explain why the contact forces that the inclines exert on M1 and M3 must be equal
in magnitude, for the system to be in a state of equilibrium.

[1]

[Turn over
 10

(ii) Explain why, for this system to be in a state of equilibrium, the bar cannot be
horizontal.

[2]

(iii) Sketch on Fig. 4.2 the system consisting of the spheres M1 and M3 and the bar on
the inclined surface when it is in a state of equilibrium. Labal M1 and M3 clearly in
your diagram
[1]

40 40

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Fig. 4.2

5 (a) Explain why a body experiencing a resultant force can move with a uniform speed in a
circular path.

[2]
 11

(b) A small mass m and a heavy mass M are connected to the ends of an inextensible
string. The string is threaded through a glass tube as shown in Fig. 5.1. The tube is then
held by a student and is whirled so that the mass m rotates with a constant radius r at a
frequency of 175 revolutions per minute. Given that m = 0.30 kg and M = 0.90 kg.

glass tube

r
m

M
Fig. 5.1

(i) Show that the resultant force acting on the mass m is 8.3 N. [2]

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(ii) Calculate the radius r of the circle.

radius = m [2]

(iii) Explain why it is impossible for the small mass m to be whirled in such a way
that the string attached to it becomes horizontal.

[1]

[Turn over
 12

6 A filament lamp is rated at 0.60 W, 3.0 V. In order to obtain a potential difference of about 3.0
V, a student connected a circuit as shown in Fig. 6.1. He used a d.c source of emf 12 V with
negligible internal resistance and a voltmeter of resistance 11.0 kΩ in the setup. The
resistance wire CD has length 1.000 m and a total resistance of 1000 Ω.

12 V J
voltmeter with
resistance of 11.0
kΩ

Fig. 6.1

When the sliding contact, J, is at point C, the voltmeter reads 12 V.

The contact J is then moved to point D.

(a) Determine the reading of the voltmeter when the contact J is at point D.

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voltmeter reading = V [2]

(b) The student then modified the circuit to that shown in Fig. 6.2. He is now able to adjust
the sliding contact J to obtain a voltmeter reading of 3.0 V.

J
12 V

Fig. 6.2
(i) Calculate the current flowing through the voltmeter when it gives a reading of 3.0 V.

current = A [1]
 13

(ii) Assuming this current is negligible compared with the current flowing through the
resistance wire, calculate the distance from C that the sliding contact J would be at
when the voltmeter reads 3.0 V.

distance from C = m [1]

(iii) Calculate the resistance of the filament lamp.

R= Ω [2]

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(c) The student then replaced the voltmeter with the filament lamp across AB. The lamp is
not defective, however, it did not light up. Explain why.

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[2]

[Turn over
 14

(d) Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are often used instead of filament lamps because they
need less power for the same brightness of light.

When the p.d. across the LED is less than a pre-set value, the LED is off and when
the p.d. across the LED is more than the pre-set value, the LED is at full brightness.

Design a potential divider circuit using a battery, a fixed resistance resistor, an LED
and a light-dependent resistor (LDR).

The LED in the circuit must switch on when the intensity of the light falling on the LDR
decreases below a certain level.

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[2]

7 (a) Define magnetic flux density.

[1]
 15

(b) Two parallel wires A and B have a separation of 0.12 m, as shown in Fig. 7.1.

Fig. 7.1

The current in wire A is 0.32 A and the current in wire B is 0.080 A. In both wires the
current is in the same direction.

Calculate the resultant magnetic flux density at mid-point between the two wires.

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resultant magnetic flux density = T [3]

(c) A thick wire of length 80 mm is clamped in a fixed horizontal position between the plates
of a horseshoe magnet. The horseshoe magnet rests on a digital balance as shown in
Fig. 7.2.

Fig. 7.2

The magnetic flux density between the poles of the magnet is 65 mT.

The length of the wire in the magnetic field is 40 mm.

When there is no current in the wire, the reading on the balance is 1.1772 N.

[Turn over
 16

A current of 2.2 A now flows through the wire. The side view of Fig. 6.2 shows the
current in the wire directed perpendicularly out of the page.

Calculate the reading on the balance for the current of 2.2 A in the wire.

Explain your working.

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reading = N [4]

8 Some argon gas is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a piston as shown in Fig. 8.1.

Fig. 8.1

Assume that the mass of argon in the cylinder is constant. The material of the cylinder and
the piston is an insulator so that no thermal energy enters or leaves the gas.

The volume and pressure of argon are measured. The piston is then moved to compress
the gas and the new volume and pressure are measured. The variation with volume V of the
pressure P of the argon gas is shown in Fig. 8.2.
 17

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It may be assumed that the argon gas behaves as an ideal gas.

(a) Using values from the Fig. 8.2, show that pressure p is not inversely proportional to
volume V.

[2]

(b) (i) Using the equation of state for an ideal gas, explain what happens to the
temperature of the gas when it is compressed.

[2]
[Turn over
 18

(ii) By considering the collision between the argon atoms and the moving piston,
account for the temperature change of the gas as the piston is pushed in.

[1]

(c) It is thought that the gas in the cylinder obeys a relation of the form

pV x = y

where x and y are constants.

Some data from Fig. 8.2 are used to plot the graph of Fig. 8.3.

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Fig. 8.3

(i) Use Fig. 8.2 to determine lg (p / Pa) for a volume V of 1.00 x 10-3 m3.

lg (p / Pa) = [1]
 19

(ii) On Fig. 8.3, plot the point corresponding to V = 1.00 x 10-3 m3 and draw the line
of best fit for the points. [2]

(iii) Use the line drawn in (ii) to determine the magnitudes of the constants x and y in
the expression in (c).

x=

y= [4]

(d) The argon atoms in the cylinder have a range of speeds. The distribution of speeds is
shown in Fig. 8.4 for a certain temperature.

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Fig. 8.4
The argon sample contains 3.0 x 1023 atoms.

(i) Determine the number of atoms in the sample having speeds between
500 m s-1 and 600 m s-1.

number of atoms = [1]

(ii) Determine the number of atoms having speeds less than 200 m s-1.

number of atoms = [1]

[Turn over
 20

(iii) By referring to the total percentage of all the columns shown in the histogram,
determine the total number of atoms with speeds greater than 1000 m s-1.

number of atoms = [2]

(iv) Determine, by using a calculation, in which range of speeds shown in Fig 8.4
does the root mean square speed of the atom falls within?

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range of speed = m s-1 [3]

(e) Fig. 8.5 shows the outline of the histogram in Fig. 8.4.

Fig. 8.5

Illustrate with a sketch in Fig. 8.5 how the outline of the histogram would change if the
temperature of the argon is increased.
[1]
2020 Physics H2 P3 Mark Scheme

1 (a) The gravitational potential at a point within a gravitational field is the work done per unit
mass by an external agent in bringing a body from infinity to that point (without any change in
kinetic energy). B1

Earth Moon
Shape ‐ 1 mark

Relative magnitude & labels – 1 mark

gravitational potential

Distance from
surface of
Earth
‐28.1  106 J kg‐1

Fig. 1.1
‐62.6  106 J kg‐1

gravitational field
strength

Distance from
surface of
Shape ‐ 1 mark Earth

Opposite signs for both ends, relative

magnitude – 1 mark
Fig. 4.2
 GM (6.67  1011)(6.4  1023 )
(b) (i) g   3.69 N kg1  3.7 N kg1 M1, A0
r 2
(3.4  10 )
6 2

(i) Since the height of 1800 m is much smaller than the radius of the planet, it can be
assumed that the stone is moved through 1800 m in a uniform gravitational field.

Hence E p  mg h  2.4(3.7)(1800)  1.6  104 J M1, A1

(ii) Assumption: All the loss in gravitational potential energy of the rock converted to
kinetic energy.
Total final KE + GPE = Total initial KE + GPE

1  GMm 
mv 2    00
2  8r 
M1, A1
GM (6.67  10 11)(6.4  1023 )
v    1.77  103 m s 1
4r 4(3.4  10 )6
2ai The acceleration of the block is directly proportional to its displacement from B1
its equilibrium position, and the acceleration is always directed towards that B1
position as indicated by the negative sign.
aii From graph, T = 4 s C1
1 1
f    0.25 Hz A1
T 4

Aiii 28
Comparing a   2 x and a   x,
m
28 C1
2 
m
28
4 2f 2 
m
m = 11.3 kg A1

aiv 1 C1
Max. k.e.  m 2 xo2  1.8
2
xo  0.36 m A1

b B1
displacement / m Cosine
-cosine
0.36

B1
0 labels
4 8 time / s

 0.36

3 (a) gravitational force = mpg = 1.67 × 10–27 × 9.81

= 1.6 × 10–26 N M1

electric force = qpE = qp(V/d) = 1.6 × 10–19 × 270 / (1.8 × 10–2) M1

= 2.4 × 10–15 N
electric force is very much greater than gravitational force A1

(b) (i) either both potentials are positive or same sign  charges same sign M1
A1
or gradients of graph are positive & negative so E fields in opposite
directions so same sign
(ii) x = 11 nm (allow value of x between 10 nm and 13 nm ) B1
(iii) VA = 0.36 V when x = 8 nm (any value from graph of VA)
QA
VA = M1
4 o x
A1
QA = 3.2 x 10-19 C

(iv) VP = 0.14 + 0.29 = 0.43 V (allow 0.42 V → 0.44 V)

KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf

EK + 0 = 0 + (1.60 x 10-19)(0.43) M1
EK = 6.88 x 10-20 J A1

(v)
E

0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
x / nm

Or
E

0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
x / nm

E fields in opposite directions; correct curvature B1

Graph crosses the x-axis at x= 11 nm (same as ans given in b(iii); allow
 0.5 nm for point plotted) and magnitude of E at 6 nm  E at 14 nm with B1
correct range (6 nm to 14 nm)
4 (a)(i) For same power transmission, high voltage results in low current B1
With low current, less energy/power losses in transmission cables B1

(a)(ii) AC voltage is easily/efficiently change/step-up or step down using B1

transformers
(b)(i) To reduce power loss in the core due to eddy currents/induced current M1

(b)(ii) Magnetic flux is phase with voltage/current in primary coil M1

(by Faraday’s law)Induced emf in secondary coil is proportional to rate of M1
change of flux
so voltage in primary coil not in phase with induced emf in secondary coil
(c) Rms voltage across load = 9.0x8100/300 = 243 V C1
Peak voltage = 243 x2 = 340 V A1

5a Faraday’s Law states that the induced e.m.f. in a circuit is directly B2

proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux-linkage
Lenz’s Law states that the direction of the induced e.m.f. is such that the B1
current it causes to flow opposes the change causing it.

bi  = 2 f C1
= 314 rad s-1 A1
bii Max emf = BA C1
= = (314.15)(0.5)(0.09)
= = 14.1 V A1
biii Max induced current C1
= 14.13 / 12
= 1.2 A A1
biv reduce loss of magnetic flux/maximize magnetic flux linkage between A1
primary and secondary coils
bv Correct shape sinusoidal (starting from emf = 0) and 2 cycles B1
Correct labels of max emf and period B1

6a Photon energy = 6.63×10-34×3.0×108/430×10-9 C1

=4.63×10-19 J
Number = 3.2×10-3/4.63×10-19 C1
=6.92×1015 A1
bi p = 6.63×10-34/430×10-9 C1
= 1.54×10-27 kg m s-1 A1
Total momentum = 6.92×1015×1.54×10-27
=1.07×10-11 kg m s-1
bii Force is rate of change of momentum B1

F = 1.07×10-11 kg m s-2 A1
 c Not all photons are absorbed by the surface. B1

7 (a) (i) Where the 2 waves meet in phase along AB, B1

constructive interference occurs and the two amplitudes add up to produce a maximum
resultant amplitude, resulting in a maxima being produced.
B1

OR

Where the path difference between the 2 waves at the receiver = n ( n = 0, 1, 2, …..
and  = wavelength of wave ), B1
constructive interference occurs and the two amplitudes add up to produce a maximum
resultant amplitude, resulting in a maxima being produced.
B1

(ii) Movement of the plate from A to B produces an extra path difference of ½

wavelength, B1
destructive interference occurs and the two amplitudes cancel out to produce a
minimum resultant amplitude, resulting in a minima being produced.
B1

(iii) Amplitudes of the waves reaching the receiver are different because they travel
through different distances, B1
Hence waves do not cancel out completely B1

c 3.0 108
(iv)    0.300 m C1
f 1.0 109

1
2d   M1
2
1 0.300
 d   0.075 m A1
4 4
(b) (i) Incident sound wave travel up and gets reflected back at top of tube. B1
Incident and reflected waves which are of the same amplitudes, same frequency and
speed travelling in opposite direction superpose to produce a standing wave.
B1

(ii) Line has maximum value of amplitude at h = 0 cm and h = 0.60 m only

B1
Line has minimum/zero value of amplitude at h = 0.30 m only B1

(iii) 1. vertical / along length or axis of tube B1

2.  or 3.14 rad B1

(iv) On 1 half of a cycle, molecules moves towards ( or approach) the node

B1
On next half of the cycle, molecules moves away from the node B1
Pressure will be changing from above to below atmospheric pressure.
B1

(v) c  f   f  2 L  275  2  0.60  330 ms-1 M1

K  c 2    3302 1.3  1.42 105 kg m s-1 A1

8ai Energy of photon released from A to D = 0 – ( -3.14 x 10-19 ) = hc/
 = 6.63 x 10-34 x 3.00 x 108 / 3.14 x 10 -19 = 6.33 x 10-7 m = 633 nm M1

400 nm <  < 700 nm is the wavelength of visible light range. A1

aii By conservation of energy, C1

KE of incident electron = excitation energy (E to A) of cool (ground state)
atom + KE of recoiled electron

KE of recoiled electron = KE of incident electron - excitation energy (E to

A) of cool (ground state) atom

KE of recoiled electron = 1.5 x 10 -18 - 14.72 X 10 -19 = 2.8 x 10 -20

½ m v 2 = 2.8 x 10 -20
v2 = 2 x 2.8 x 10 -20 / 9.11 x 10-19 = 6.147 x1010 m2 s-2 C2
v = 2.48 x 105 m s-1
A1
aiii With an incoming electron of 1.44 x 10-18 J, maximum possible energy for the B1
excited electron is (-14.72 x 10-19 + 1.44 x 10-18) = - 0.32 x 10-19 J or level C.
(below level B)
B1
3 Possible transitions from level C are C D , C E and D E B1
(-1 for each missing)

aiv Longest wavelength corresponds to smallest change in energy i.e. C D C1

hc/ = ( - 0.49 ) – ( - 3.14 ) x 10-19 = 2.65 x 10-19
 = 6.63 x 10-34 x 3.00 x 108 / 2.65 x 10 -19 = 7.506 x 10-7 m = 751 nm A1

b It can be deduced that there are discrete energy levels in the nucleus / the B1
energy levels in the nucleus are quantised.

ci Hydrogen atoms in the ground state absorb photons from the white light M1
source to go into excited states. When the atoms return to the ground states,
photons are emitted in all directions which form the hydrogen emission A1
spectrum. Line emission spectrum of hydrogen is observed.

cii When the “white” light passes through the cool hydrogen atoms, certain M1
photons which can excite the atoms are absorbed from the incident white
light by the ground state hydrogen atoms. The emergent white light have
some specific dark lines which correspond to the wavelengths of the A1
absorbed photons. Absorption line spectrum is observed.

di By conservation of energy,
KE gained by electron = EPE lost by “E-field & electron” system
= qV = 1.6 x 10-19 x 40 x 103 C1
= 6.4 x 10-15 A1
dii Minimum wavelength is lower B1

Characteristic spectrum at same position. B1

 TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE
2020 Preliminary Examination
Higher 2

CANDIDATE
NAME

CIVICS INDEX
GROUP NUMBER

PHYSICS 9749/03
Paper 3 Longer Structured Questions 15 September 2020
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Civics group, index number and name in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected,

For Examiner’s Use
where appropriate.
1
Section A
Answer all questions. 2

Section B 3
Answer one question only.
4
You are advised to spend one and half hours on Section A and half
an hour on Section B. 5

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together, 6
if additional writing material had been used. The number of marks is
given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. 7

Total

This document consists of 22 printed pages

 2

Data
speed of light in free space c  3.00  108 m s1
permeability of free space 0  4   107 H m1
permittivity of free space 0  8.85  1012 F m1
 (1/(36))  109 F m1
elementary charge e  1.60  1019 C
the Planck constant h  6.63  1034 J s
unified atomic mass constant u  1.66  1027 kg
rest mass of electron me  9.11  1031 kg
rest mass of proton mp  1.67  1027 kg
molar gas constant R  8.31 J K1 mol1
the Avogadro constant NA  6.02  1023 mol1
the Boltzmann constant k  1.38  1023 J K1
gravitational constant G  6.67  1011 N m2 kg2
acceleration of free fall g  9.81 m s2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion s  ut  21 at 2

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v 2  u 2  2as

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W  pV
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work done on / by a gas

hydrostatic pressure p  gh
gravitational potential    Gm r
temperature T/K  T/C + 273.15
1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p c
3 V
3
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule E  kT
2
displacement of particle in s.h.m. x  x0 sint
velocity of particle in s.h.m. v  v0 cost   x02  x 2
electric current I  Anvq
resistors in series R  R1 + R 2 + . . . .
resistors in parallel 1/R  1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . . .
electric potential V  Q/(40r)
alternating current / voltage x  x0 sint
0I
magnetic flux density due to a long straight wire B
2 d
 NI
magnetic flux density due to a flat circular coil B 0
2r
magnetic flux density due to a long solenoid B  0 n I
radioactive decay x  x0 exp(t)
ln 2
decay constant 
t1
2
 3

Section A

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Define the gravitational potential at a point.

[1]

The gravitational potential at the surface of Earth is -62.6  106 J kg-1, and that at the
surface of moon is -28.1  106 J kg-1.
(i) On Fig. 1.1, sketch a graph which shows the variation of the gravitational potential
along a line from the surface of Earth to the surface of Moon. [2]

(ii) Hence sketch, on Fig. 1.2, a graph which shows the variation of the gravitational
field strength along a line from the surface of Earth to the surface of Moon. [2]

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[Turn over
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Earth Moon

gravitational potential

distance
from surface
of Earth

Fig. 1.1

gravitational field strength

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distance

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from surface
of Earth

Fig. 1.2
(b) An isolated spherical planet has a diameter of 6.8 × 106 m. Its mass of 6.4 × 1023 kg
may be assumed to be a point mass at the centre of the planet

(i) Show that the gravitational field strength at the surface of the planet is
3.7 N kg-1.

[1]
 5

(ii) A stone of mass 2.4 kg is raised from the surface of the planet through a vertical
height of 1800 m. Use the value of the field strength from (i) to calculate the
change in gravitational potential energy of the stone.

change in gravitational potential energy = J [2]

(iii) A rock, initially at rest at infinity, moves towards the planet. At point P, its height
above the surface of the planet is 3.5 D, where D is the diameter of the planet, as
shown in Fig. 1.3.

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Fig. 1.3

Calculate the speed of the rock at point P.

speed at point P = m s-1 [2]

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2 (a) (i) A partially submerged wooden block of mass m is displaced vertically and then
released. For a displacement x that is measured from its equilibrium position, the
acceleration a of the wooden block is given by the expression

28
a x
m

Explain why the block is undergoing simple harmonic motion.

[2]

(ii) Fig. 2.1 shows the variation of kinetic energy of the block with time.

kinetic energy / J

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1.8

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0
0 1 2 3 4 time / s
Fig. 2.1

Calculate

1. the frequency for the oscillations of the block,

frequency = Hz [2]
 7

2. the mass of the block,

mass = kg [2]

3. the amplitude of the oscillations.

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amplitude = m [2]

(b) On Fig. 2.2, sketch a labelled graph of the variation of the displacement with time of the
wooden block from t = 0 s to t = 8 s. You may assume that there is negligible energy
loss over this time.
[2]

displacement / m

0 time / s

Fig. 2.2

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3 (a) Two horizontal metal plates are separated by a distance of 1.8 cm in a vacuum.
A potential difference of 270 V is maintained between the plates, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

Fig. 3.1

A proton is in the space between the plates.

Explain quantitatively why, when predicting the motion of the proton between the
plates, the gravitational field is not taken into consideration.

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[3]
 9

(b) Two point charges A and B are separated by a distance of 20 nm in a vacuum, as

illustrated in Fig. 3.2.

Fig. 3.2
A point P is a distance x from A along the line AB.

The variation with distance x of the electric potential VA due to charge A alone is shown
in Fig. 3.3.

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Fig. 3.3

The variation with distance x of the electric potential VB due to charge B alone is also
shown in Fig. 3.3.

(i) State and explain whether the charges A and B are of the same, or opposite sign.

[2]

(ii) Without any calculation, use Fig. 3.3 to estimate the distance x at which the
combined electric potential of the two charges is a minimum.

x= nm [1]

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(iii) Use Fig. 3.3 to determine the charge on A.

charge = C [2]

(iv) The point P is a distance x = 10 nm from A. A proton has kinetic energy EK when
at infinity. Use Fig. 3.3 to determine the minimum value of EK such that the
proton may travel from infinity to point P.

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minimum value of EK = J [2]

(v) On Fig.3.4, sketch the variation with x of the combined electric field strength E due
to the two point charges A and B for values of x from 6 nm to 14 nm.
E

0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
x / nm

Fig. 3.4
[2]
 11

4 (a) Electrical energy is usually transmitted using alternating current. Suggest why the
transmission is achieved using
(i) high voltages,

[2]

(ii) alternating current.

[1]

(b) An ideal iron-cored transformer is illustrated in Fig. 4.1.

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Fig. 4.1
Explain
(i) why the iron core is laminated,

[1]

(iii) the input voltage in the primary coil is not in phase with the e.m.f. induced in the
secondary coil.

[2]

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(c) An ideal transformer has 300 turns on the primary coil and 8100 turns on the secondary
coil.
The root-mean-square input voltage to the primary coil is 9.0 V.
Calculate the peak voltage across the load resistor connected to the secondary coil.

peak voltage = V [2]

5 (a) State the laws of electromagnetic induction.

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[3]

(b) A conducting square loop, of area 0.090 m2 and resistance 12.0 , is rotated by an external
force in a magnetic field, as shown in Fig. 5.1. The magnetic field strength is 0.500 T and
the loop is rotated at a constant frequency of 50.0 Hz. Assume the magnetic field to be
uniform and the plane of the loop is perpendicular to the magnetic field at
t=0s


Area A
B

loop

Fig. 5.1
 13

(i) Determine the angular frequency of the rotational motion.

angular frequency = rad s-1 [2]

(ii) Calculate the maximum induced e.m.f. generated in the loop.

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e.m.f = V [2]

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(iii) Calculate the maximum induced current in the loop.

current = A [2]

(iv) Suggest a reason, why in practice, the value in (b)(iii) may differ slightly.

[1]

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 14

(v) On Fig. 5.2, sketch a graph of e.m.f generated in the loop against time for two
rotations of the loop, starting from t = 0s.

e.m.f / V

0 time / s

[2]

6 Light of wavelength 430 nm is incident normally on a surface, as illustrated in Fig. 6.1.

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Fig. 6.1

The power of the light is 3.2 mW. The light is completely absorbed by the surface.

(a) Calculate the number of photons incident on the surface in 1.00 s.

number = [3]
 15

(b) Use your answer in (a) to determine

(i) the total momentum of the photons arriving on the surface in 1.00 s.

momentum = kg m s-1 [2]

(ii) the force exerted on the surface by the light. Explain your working.

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force = N [2]

(c) Explain why the force exerted is generally lower than the value calculated in (b)(ii).

[1]

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Section B
Answer one question in this section in the spaces provided.

7 (a) In the experimental arrangement shown in Fig. 7.1, radio waves emitted from the
transmitting aerial are detected at the receiving aerial.

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Waves travel from the receiver along two paths: directly from the transmitter (path 1) and
by reflection from the metal sheet (path 2). The waves arriving at the receiver are combined

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to give a resultant signal. As the metal sheet is moved away from the receiver, the resultant
signal rises and falls.

(i) With the plate in position A, the output signal from the receiver is a maximum. Explain,
in terms of superposition of the waves how a maximum signal can occur at the
receiver.

[2]

(ii) The metal plate is moved away from the receiver to position B, causing the output
signal to decrease to a minimum.
Use the idea of superposition of wave to explain why the signal has decreased to a
minimum.

[2]
 17

(iii) Explain why the minimum signal is not necessarily zero.

[2]

(iv) Given that the frequency of the waves is 1.0 GHz, calculate the approximate distance
d between the positions A and B of the metal plate shown in Fig. 7.1.

distance d = m [3]

(b) A vertical tube of length 0.60 m is open at both ends, as shown in Fig. 7.2.

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Fig.7.2
Fig. 7.2

An incident sound wave of a single frequency travels up the tube. A stationary wave is then
formed in the air column in the tube with antinodes A at both ends and a node N at the
midpoint.

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 18

(i) Explain how the stationary wave is formed from the incident sound wave.

[2]

(ii) On Fig 7.3, sketch a graph of the variation of the amplitude of the stationary wave
with height h above the bottom of the tube.

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Fig. 7.3

[2]
(iii) For the stationary wave, state :

1. the direction of the oscillations of an air molecule at a height of 0.15 m above

the bottom of the tube ;

[1]

2. the phase difference between the oscillations of a molecule at a height of

0.10 m and a molecule at a height of 0.40 m above the bottom of the tube.

phase difference = rad [1]

(iv) Describe the movement of air particles on either side of the node and hence, state
what happens to the pressure at a node during one cycle of oscillations.

[3]
 19

(v) The speed of sound c for longitudinal wave in air is given by

K
c

where  is the density of air and K is a constant.

A student measures the fundamental frequency f to be 275 Hz. The density of air in
the pipe is 1.3 kg m-3. Determine the value of K in air.

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K = kg m-1 s-2 [2]

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8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows 5 energy levels A, B, C, D and E within an atom with E being the
lowest energy state. An electron transition from level A to D results in the emission
of a photon of light.

E/ 10-19 J
A 0
B - 0.11
C - 0.49

D - 3.14

E - 14.72
Fig. 8.1

(i) Deduce the type of electromagnetic radiation emitted resulting from the electron
transition from A to D.

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type of radiation is [2]

(ii) The transition from A to D is a result of a collision between the cool gas atom
and an electron having kinetic energy 9.38 eV.
Calculate the recoil speed of the electron after the collision. You may assume
that the recoil speed of the atom is negligible.

speed = m s-1 [3]

 21

(iii) The cool atom makes an collision with an electron of energy 1.44  10-18 J,
indicate on Fig. 8.1 the possible electron transitions which result in photon
emissions from the excited atom. Justify your answer.

[3]

(iv) Determine the maximum value of the wavelength of the photons that are
emitted from the excited atom in (iii)

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maximum wavelength = m [2]

(b) When the spectrum of  radiation from a nucleus is examined, it is found that it too has
a line emission spectrum. Suggest what can be deduced from this observation.

[2]

(c) Fig. 8.2 shows a region of cool hydrogen gas surrounding a hot gas cloud emitting
white light.

cool hydrogen gas

hot gas cloud (white

light source) X

Fig. 8.2

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 22

State and explain the type of hydrogen spectrum observed from

(i) Point X,

[2]

(ii) Point Y,

[2]

(d) The accelerating potential difference in a X-ray tube is 40 kV.

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(i) Calculate the shortest wavelength of the X-ray photon emitted from the X-ray
tube.

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wavelength = m [2]

(ii) The X-ray spectrum produced is shown in Fig. 8.3.

Sketch, on Fig. 8.3, the X-ray spectrum that is produced when the accelerating
potential difference is increased to 50 kV.

[2]

Fig. 8.3