University of Mosul Thermodynamics II
College of Engineering Tutorial sheet No.1
Mechanical Engineering Department 2022-2023
Q1 A heat engine operates between a source temperature of 1000°C and a sink temperature of
40°C. Find the least rate of heat rejection per kW net output of the engine ?
Q2 Two Carnot engines work in series between the source and sink temperatures of 550 K and
350 K. If both engines develop equal power determine the intermediate temperature.
Q3 A heat pump working on carnot cycle takes in heat in from a reservoir at 5 °C and delivers
heat to a reservoir at 60 °C . The heat pump is driven by a reversible heat engine which takes
in heat from a reservoir at 840 °C and rejects heat to a reservoir at 60 °C. The reversible heat
engine also drives a machine that absorbs 30 kW . If the heat pump extracts 17 kJ/s from 5 °C
reservoir determine
1-The rate of heat supply from the 840 °C source.
2-The rate of heat rejection to 60 °C sink.
Q4 A heat engine receives heat at the rate of 1500 kJ/min and gives an output of 8.2 kW.
Determine
1-The thermal efficiency
2-The rate of heat rejection
Q5 A refrigeration plant for food store operates as a reversed carnot heat engine cycle. The store
is to be maintained at a temperature of – 5 °C and the heat transfer from the store to the cycle
is at the rate of 5 kW. If heat is transferred from the cycle to the atmosphere at a temperature
of 25 °C . Calculate the power required to drive the plant. ( Ans. W=0.56 kW)
Q6 the heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat transfer from heat engine and from the
heat pump are used to heat the water circulating through the radiators of a building. The
efficiency of the heat engine is 27% and the coefficient performance of heat pump is 4.
Evaluate the ratio of heat transfer to circulating water to the heat transfer to the heat engine.
( Ans. 1.81)
Q7 An engine has a heat input of 500 kJ at 437 °C. It rejects 200 kJ at 82 °C. The engine
develops 250 kJ of work. Check whether such an engine is possible. (Ans. Impossible )
Q8 Two Carnot engines A and B are connected in series between two thermal reservoirs
maintained at T1 = 1000 K and T2 = 100 K, respectively. Engine A receives 1700 kJ of heat
from the high-temperature reservoir and rejects heat to the Carnot engine B. Engine B takes in
heat rejected by engine A and rejects heat to the low-temperature reservoir. If engines A and
B have equal thermal efficiencies, determine
(1) The heat rejected by the engine B.
(2) The temperature at which heat is rejected by engine A and
(3) The work done during the process by engines, A and B, respectively.
( Ans. T=2 = 550 K , Q=935 kJ , ηA = 0.45 , ηB = 0.8182 , WA = 765 kJ , WB = 765 kJ)
Q9 A heat engine operating between two reservoirs at temperature 627 °C and 47 °C. It drives a
refrigerator operation between reservoirs at temperatures of 47 °C and −13 °C. The heat
transfer to the heat engine is 2500 kJ and the network output of the combined engine and
refrigerator plant is 400 kJ. The efficiency of the heat engine and the COP of the refrigerator
are each 40% of their maximum possible values. (a) Estimate the heat transfer to the
refrigerant and the net heat transfer to the reservoir at 47 °C. Reestimate (a) if the efficiency of
the heat engine and COP of the refrigerator are each 40% of their maximum value.
( Ans. 7339.3 kJ , actual 2522.6 kJ )
Q10 Three engines are in operation. Each of them is supplied with 1000 kJ/s of heat. The source
and sink temperatures are 577 ◦C and 152 ◦C. The heat rejection of each is given as (i) 800
kW; (ii) 500 kW; and (iii) 200 kW. Determine whether each case represents the reversible,
irreversible or impossible heat engines.
( Ans. η1 < ηmax, it is an irreversible engine. , η2 = ηmax, it is a reversible engine , η3 > ηmax. This engine is impossible)
Q11 A heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat transfer from the heat engine and from
the heat pump is used to heat the water circulating through the radiators around the building.
The efficiency of the heat engine is 27% and the COP of the heat pump is 4 . Evaluate the
ratio of heat transfer to the circulating water to the heat transfer to the heat engine.
( Ans. 1.81 )
Q12 A Carnot heat engine takes heat from an infinite reservoir at 550 ◦C and rejects it to a sink at
275 ◦C. Half of the work delivered by the engine is used to run a generator and the other half
is used to run heat pump which takes heat at 275 ◦C and rejects it at 440 ◦C. Express the heat
rejected at 440 ◦C by the heat pump as a percentage of heat supplied to the engine at 550 ◦C.
If the operation of the generator requires 500 kW, find the heat rejected per hour by the heat
pump at 440 ◦C. ( Ans. 7797.6 MJ/h )
Q13 A heat engine operates between a source temperature of 600 ◦C and a sink at 60 ◦C.
Determine the least rate of heat rejection (kJ/s) per kW of net output of the engine.
( Ans. 0.616 )
