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Introduction to Cloud Computing
Learn about the core concepts of cloud computing, including the different deployment and
service models.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud
computing as a model for providing on-demand network access to computing
resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released. At its core, cloud
computing delivers various services over the internet, from storage and
processing power to software applications and development platforms.
Core concepts
Here’s a breakdown of some key components and concepts in cloud computing:
On-demand access: Users can provision and utilize resources like virtual
machines, storage, and applications as needed, typically paying only for
what they use.
Resource pooling: Cloud providers maintain pools of computing resources,
such as servers, storage, and networking equipment, shared among multiple
users. This pooling enables efficient resource utilization and scalability.
Elasticity: Cloud services are designed to scale up or down dynamically in
response to changing demands. This elasticity allows users to easily
accommodate fluctuations in workload without the need for manual
intervention.
Pay-as-you-go pricing: Cloud computing often operates on a pay-as-you-
go or subscription-based pricing model, where users are billed based on
their actual resource usage. This model offers cost savings compared to
traditional IT infrastructure, eliminating the need for large upfront investments
in hardware and software.
Applications
Organizations Individual Users
Resource pool
Components of cloud computing
Service models
Cloud service providers offer four major types of service models. They vary in the
extent of services provided by the cloud provider. These are briefly discussed
below:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In the IaaS model, cloud providers offer
virtualized computing resources over the internet. These resources typically
include virtual machines, storage, and networking components. Users control
the operating systems, applications, and development frameworks running
on these virtual machines. In AWS, services like EC2, S3, and VPC are
included in the IaaS model.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): PaaS provides a platform for developers to
build, deploy, and manage applications without dealing with the underlying
infrastructure. Developers can focus on writing code and deploying
applications while the PaaS provider handles scalability, security, and
maintenance tasks. PaaS offerings often include development tools,
middleware, databases, and runtime environments. Services like Amazon
Lambda, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, and AWS RDS come under the PaaS model
from the AWS catalog.
Software as a Service (SaaS): SaaS delivers software applications over the
internet on a subscription basis. Users access these applications through a
web browser or API without installing or maintaining any software locally.
SaaS offerings cover various applications, including email, customer
relationship management (CRM), productivity tools, and collaboration
software. For example, Microsoft 365, Netflix, or Slack are cloud-based
applications used for various purposes.
Function as a Service (FaaS): FaaS (also known as serverless computing)
allows developers to execute code responding to events without provisioning
or managing servers. Developers write code (typically as functions) triggered
by events such as HTTP requests, database changes, or file uploads. FaaS
platforms charge users only for the resources consumed during execution.
Application Code Application Code Application Code Application Code Application Code
Data Data Data Data Data
Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware
Hardware Hardware Hardware Hardware Hardware
On Premises IaaS PaaS FaaS SaaS
Organization Cloud
Comparison between cloud service models
Deployment models
Deployment models in cloud computing refer to the ways in which cloud services
are deployed and accessed. These models define the location, ownership, and
management of cloud infrastructure and resources. Here are the three main
deployment models:
Public cloud: In the public cloud model, cloud services are provided by
third-party providers over the public internet. These services are available to
anyone who wants to use them, typically on a pay-as-you-go or subscription
basis.
Private cloud: A private cloud is dedicated to a single organization and may
be hosted on-premises or by a third-party provider. Unlike the public cloud,
the infrastructure in a private cloud is not shared with other organizations,
providing greater control, security, and customization.
Hybrid cloud: The hybrid cloud model combines elements of both public
and private clouds, allowing organizations to leverage the benefits of each. In
a hybrid cloud deployment, workloads can be deployed across multiple
environments, including on-premises data centers, public clouds, and private
clouds. Common use cases for hybrid cloud include disaster recovery and
bursting into the public cloud during peak demand.
Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Public Cloud
Different deployment models
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