Disaster nursing
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ANS: A
Which statement about disasters is true?
A disaster is any natural or human-made incident that causes
a. They can be natural or human-made.
disruption, destruction, and/or devastation requiring external as-
b. They can be relieved without assistance.
sistance. Although natural incidents like earthquakes of hurricanes
c. There is always injury and death when a disaster occurs.
trigger many disasters, predictable and preventable human-made
d. The timing of a disaster does not influence the types of injuries
factors can further affect the disaster. In the disaster response
that will occur.
phase, the incident type and time predict subsequent injuries and
illnesses.
Acts of bioterrorism or natural disasters, such as earthquakes, will ANS: B
often have more casualties because:
a. they cause the most widespread destruction. The use of weapons of mass destruction or natural disasters,
b. victims have little time to make evacuation preparations. such as earthquakes, will often have more casualties because
c. those with chronic conditions cannot escape in time. victims have little time to make evacuation preparations. The other
d. the early warning systems are not effective. answers are false.
A nurse responds to a natural disaster. Which of the following is
ANS: C
the nurse most likely responding to?
a. Transportation accident
A communicable disease epidemic would be considered a natural
b. Pollution
disaster. Transportations accidents, pollution, and fire are consid-
c. Communicable disease epidemic
ered human-made disasters.
d. Fire
A nurse responds to a human-made disaster. Which of the follow-
ANS: A
ing describes what the nurse is responding to?
a. Structural collapse
A structural collapse would be considered a human-made disas-
b. Communicable disease epidemics
ter. Communicable disease epidemics, mud slides, and floods are
c. Mud slides
considered to be natural disasters.
d. Floods
ANS: B
A nurse is working with an older person following a disaster. Which
of the following emotions of the client should be anticipated by the
A common reaction of older persons experiencing disaster may
nurse?
be fear of loss of independence. Young children may respond with
a. Anger
regression. The community in general may respond will feelings
b. Fear of loss of independence
of anger, sorrow, guilt, and perceived blame for the disaster or the
c. Violence
outcomes of the disaster. Violence should not be anticipated with
d. Regression
any of the populations discussed in the text.
ANS: D
A nurse experiences a stress reaction while working with the
survivors of a disaster. Which of the following best describes what
Symptoms that may signal a need for stress management assis-
has happened?
tance include the following: being reluctant or refusing to leave the
a. The nurse makes decisions to assist with care coordination of
scene until the work is finished; denying needed rest and recovery
the survivors.
time; feelings of overriding stress and fatigue; engaging in un-
b. The nurse tells the supervisor of the disaster the details of the
necessary risk-taking activities; difficulty communicating thoughts,
care that was provided.
remembering instructions, making decisions, or concentrating;
c. The nurse cries after returning home at the end of the day.
engaging in unnecessary arguments; having a limited attention
d. The nurse refuses to follow orders.
span; and refusing to follow orders.
ANS: A
A nurse is working in a temporary shelter for victims following
a natural disaster. Which condition is the nurse most likely to Causes of stress can be the shock of the disaster itself, loss of
encounter? personal possessions, fear of the unknown, living in close prox-
a. Stress imity to total strangers, and boredom. Illnesses requiring first aid
b. Communicable disease and communicable diseases are not the primary concern of the
c. Depression nurse working in the shelter. Immediately following the disaster, it
d. Injuries requiring first aid is unlikely that the victims will immediately encounter depression
because of the shock of the disaster.
ANS: A
A riverfront community builds a retaining wall to divert flood water
Mitigation is defined as actions or measures that can either pre-
away from the town. Which term describes what has happened?
vent the occurrence of a disaster or reduce the severity of the
a. Mitigation
effects. A natural disaster, such as an earthquake or hurricane,
causes disruption, destruction, and/or devastation requiring exter-
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Disaster nursing
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nal assistance. Community resilience is defined as the sustained
ability of a community to withstand and recover from adversity.
b. A natural disaster
A rapid needs assessment is based on the traditional model of
c. Community resilience
community assessment where there is a rapid appraisal of a
d. Rapid needs assessment
sector or region's population, social systems, and geophysical
features.
ANS: D
Community preparedness is being used to plan for a disaster.
Which of the following tasks is being implemented?
Community preparedness involves developing an evacuation plan
a. Assembling emergency supplies
to remove individuals from danger. Assembling emergency sup-
b. Understanding the workplace disaster plan
plies is an example of individual preparedness. Understanding the
c. Taking a disaster training course
workplace disaster plan is an example of preparedness in the
d. Developing an evacuation plan to remove individuals from dan-
workplace within the community. Taking a disaster training course
ger
is an example of professional preparedness.
ANS: D
A nurse is participating in the preparedness stage of disaster
management. Which of the following describes what is happen-
Disaster kit assembly for the home, workplace, and car, especially
ing?
by nurses, occurs during the preparedness phase. Heightened
a. Heightened inspection and increased security in the community
inspection and increased security in the community is part of the
b. Incorporation of provision of pets into local disaster plans
prevention activities. Purchase of personal protective equipment
c. Purchase of personal protective equipment for all citizens
for all citizens and incorporation of provision of pets into local
d. Assembly of disaster kits for the home, workplace, and car
disaster plans are not realistic plans for preparedness.
ANS: A
A public health nurse (PHN) is working with a community during
Flexibility is key to a successful recovery operation. The role of
the recovery phase of a disaster. Which of the following attributes
the PHN in the recovery phase of a disaster is as varied as in the
would be most important for the nurse to possess?
preparedness and response phases, but the PHN's connection to
a. Flexibility
the community puts the PHN in an incredible position of knowl-
b. Organization skills
edge and awareness on the interprofessional recovery team. The
c. Personable
attributes of being organized, personable, and having a sense of
d. Sense of humor
humor are not as important as flexibility when dealing with this
phase of the disaster.
ANS: B
A nurse is working in a community that is experiencing the Hon-
eymoon Phase after a disaster. Which of the following is charac-
During the Honeymoon Phase, survivors rejoice for their survival
teristic of this phase?
and may share their experiences and stories. First responders
a. First responders work tirelessly to save others.
work tirelessly to save others during the Heroic Phase. Med-
b. Survivors share their stories.
ical personnel experience exhaustion during the Disillusionment
c. Medical personnel experience exhaustion.
Phase. The community begins to rebuild during the Reconstruc-
d. Community organizations rebuild the community.
tion Phase.
A nurse is assessing persons arriving at an alternate care center
ANS: C
following a disaster. Which of the following actions should the
nurse take first?
Alternate care centers may be used to shelter patients with med-
a. Assess the amount of equipment and medications needed for
ical needs designated as "non-ambulatory care/hospital overflow"
each client
e.g., care of non-ambulatory patients with less intense medical
b. Determine if the client has a psychological condition requiring
needs. After determination of the appropriateness of the facility,
special attention
the nurse can then provide medical care as needed. It should not
c. Assess whether this type of facility is appropriate for the client
be necessary to initially determine if the client has a psychological
d. Determine if the client has a support system to assist with
condition or limit the amount of equipment or medications.
additional care needs
A nurse is triaging victims following a disaster. Which of the fol-
ANS: A
lowing describes the action the nurse would take?
a. Allocation of treatment based on the victim's potential for sur-
The triage process in disaster involves separating the casualties
vival
and allocating treatment based on the victim's potential for sur-
b. Assignment of tasks to the appropriate disaster response per-
vival. Assignment of tasks to the appropriate disaster response
sonnel
personnel, determination of the level of disaster and agency in-
c. Determination of the level of disaster and agency involvement
volvement, and participation in community preparedness for the
d. Participation in community preparedness for the disaster re-
disaster response are not part of the triage process.
sponse
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Disaster nursing
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ANS: B
A nurse is volunteering on a disaster medical assistant team as
a first responder. Which of the following tasks would the nurse be As a first responder arriving on the scene, the plans for triaging of
prepared to perform? disaster victims should begin immediately. Setting up immuniza-
a. Set up immunization clinics tion clinics would not be a priority following a disaster. In respond-
b. Assist in triaging disaster victims ing to a disaster, it may be impossible to provide all of the medical
c. Provide all the medical care for disaster victims care for disaster victims. It would not be appropriate to start with
d. Complete a needs assessment of the community completing a needs assessment of the community following a
disaster; this should be done before the disaster occurs.
ANS: A
A public health worker had displayed a competency in disaster
medicine and public health. Which of the following describes what
Communicating effectively with others in a disaster or public
the worker has done?
health emergency is one of the competencies demonstrated in
a. Communicate effectively with others
disaster medicine and public health. Involvement in the chain of
b. Get involved in the chain of command
command, using a set of preplanned activities for every disaster,
c. Use a set of preplanned activities for every disaster
and implementing a community assessment are not part of these
d. Implement a community assessment
competencies.
ANS: C
What is the purpose of the National Incident Management System
(NIMS)? The National Response Framework is a unified, all-discipline,
a. Create a new branch of government that deals with bioterrorism all-hazards approach to domestic incident management. It is built
b. Establish a way for the Red Cross to carry out its mission upon scalable, flexible, and adaptable coordinating structures to
c. Develop a nationwide all-hazards approach to domestic incident align key roles and responsibilities linking all levels of government
management and organizations. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 created a
d. Extend presidential power to act quickly upon acts of bioterror- new branch of government that deals with bioterrorism, the U.S.
ism Department of Homeland Security. The NIMS did not impact the
Red Cross or extend presidential power to act upon bioterrorism.
ANS: D
A nurse is developing and coordinating an emergency response
plan for a community. With which of the following organizations The EMA is responsible for developing and coordinating emer-
would the nurse collaborate? gency response plans in a defined area. The ARC works with
a. American Red Cross (ARC) communities in the preparedness, response, and recovery phases
b. National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) of a disaster. The CDC studies the effect that disasters have
c. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on population health and continuously develops new prevention
d. Emergency Management Agency (EMA) strategies. The NDMS provides nurses the opportunity to work on
specialized disaster response teams.
ANS: D
A nurse is responding to a disaster. Which of the following is the
priority of the disaster response?
Reestablishing sanitary barriers and focusing on water, food,
a. Clean up the environment
waste disposal, vector control, shelter, and safety are the first
b. Handle the stress reaction of the victims
goals. After this has been established, the nurse can address the
c. Bring in as many aid workers and nurses as possible
cleanup of the environment, the stress reactions of the victims,
d. Reestablish sanitary barriers and focus on basic needs
and the need to bring in additional workers.
ANS: B
A bioterrorism attack has occurred in the United States. Which of
The SNS has the capacity to provide large quantities of medicine
the following programs would be used to provide large quantities
and medical supplies to protect the American public in a public
of medications to the American public?
health emergency. The Cities Readiness Initiative aids cities in
a. Cities Readiness Initiative
increasing their capacity to deliver medicines and medical sup-
b. Strategic National Stockpile (SNS)
plies during a public health emergency. The PHIN helps ensure
c. Public Health Information Network (PHIN)
information access and sharing. Project BioShield is a program to
d. Project BioShield
develop and produce new drugs and vaccines against potential
bioweapons.
ANS: B
A nurse is examining the future of disaster management. Which
of the following should the nurse anticipate? The terrorist event of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax cases
a. Vague and unorganized future due to constant emergence of have increased the awareness for the need to plan for disasters.
new disasters Technology and surveillance will continue to advance. Disaster
b. Increasing sophistication in technology and surveillance management continues to change and become more organized
as learning occurs after each incident, producing progressive best
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Disaster nursing
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practices. National and state officials are very involved in disas-
ter management. PHNs are particularly critical members of the
c. Lack of involvement by national and state officials
multidisciplinary disaster health team given their population-based
d. Decreasing need for public health workers to provide care
nursing focus and specialty knowledge in epidemiology and com-
munity assessment skills.
Which populations are at greatest risk for disruption after a dis-
aster? (Select all that apply.) ANS: A, B, C
a. Single-parent families
b. Children Single-parent families, children, and substance abusers are all at
c. Substance abusers greater risk for disruption after disaster than a middle-class family
d. Middle-class families or young adults.
e. Young adults
Which organizations offer volunteer opportunities in disaster work
ANS: A, B
for nurses? (Select all that apply.)
a. ARC
ARC and Citizens Corps offer volunteer opportunities. The Ameri-
b. Citizens Corps
can Nurses Association and National Public Health Training Cen-
c. American Nurses Association
ters offer education and training opportunities. Sigma Theta Tau
d. National Public Health Training Centers
International is an honor society for nurses.
e. Sigma Theta Tau International
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