### Traffic Light Control System Using Logic Gates
#### Introduction
In this project, we design a traffic light control system using logic gates. The system is operated when
the output \( D \) has the value 1. This happens under two conditions:
1. When signal \( A \) is red (0).
2. When signal \( A \) is green (1) and both signals \( B \) and \( C \) are red (0).
#### Logic Notation
The logic notation representing the above conditions is:
\[ D = \overline{A} + (A \cdot \overline{B} \cdot \overline{C}) \]
#### Design of the Logic Circuit
The logic circuit can be designed using the following gates:
1. **NOT Gates**: To invert signals \( A \), \( B \), and \( C \).
2. **AND Gate**: To combine the signals \( A \), \(\overline{B}\), and \(\overline{C}\).
3. **OR Gate**: To combine the outputs of the NOT gate for \( A \) and the AND gate.
### Implementation with Components
To implement the circuit using physical components, follow these steps:
1. **Place the ICs on the Breadboard**:
- Insert the NOT, AND, and OR gate ICs into the breadboard.
2. **Connect Power Supply**:
- Connect the positive terminal of the power supply to the power rail.
- Connect the negative terminal of the power supply to the ground rail.
3. **Connect Ground and Vcc to ICs**:
- Use jumper wires to connect pin 7 (GND) of each IC to the ground rail.
- Use jumper wires to connect pin 14 (Vcc) of each IC to the power rail.
4. **Connect Inputs**:
- Use switches to connect input signals \( A \), \( B \), and \( C \) to the respective input pins of the
ICs.
- For the NOT gate: connect the input signal \( A \) to pin 1.
- For the AND gate: connect \( A \) to pin 1, \(\overline{B}\) (output of NOT gate for \( B \)) to pin 2,
and \(\overline{C}\) (output of NOT gate for \( C \)) to pin 3.
- For the OR gate: connect \(\overline{A}\) to pin 1 and the output of the AND gate to pin 2.
5. **Connect Outputs**:
- Connect the output of the NOT, AND, and OR gates to LEDs (with current-limiting resistors) to
visualize the output.
6. **Test the Circuit**:
- Toggle the input switches and observe the LEDs to verify the truth table.
#### Conclusion
This project demonstrates how to design and implement a traffic light control system using logic
gates. The system operates under specified conditions, ensuring accurate traffic management.
Through this project, we learned about the use of logic gates in real-world applications and the
process of building and testing electronic circuits.
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