Paraphrasing

Text Book of Class 8

Keats’ fascination with death was a life-long
concern manifested through various forms in
his writings. His life history is shadowed with Summary
encounters with death. Keats was born in
1795 and his father died in 1804 followed by The deaths in Keats’ family had a profound
his grandfather dying in 1805. In just twenty- impact on his life and writing.
six years of life, he experienced the deaths of
five close relatives, including his younger Paraphrase
brother Tom. While training to be a doctor, he
witnessed many more deaths in the hospital Keats’ preoccupation with death has been
where he was training, more than an ordinary reflected in his writing. In his life he
person would normally does. Keats never witnessed many deaths of his close
enjoyed very good health and after his relatives. Even when he was studying to be
brother Tom, whom he nursed died, his own a doctor he saw many deaths. Also he
health deteriorated further, he died less than himself suffered from poor health and that
three years later. It is no wonder that he is why he mentioned in a letter that death
wrote in a letter, “...the death or sickness of or sickness marred his life.
someone has always spoilt my hours”
(Gittings, 80).
Paraphrasing: points to remember

Use synonyms

Use reporting verbs

Example of reporting verbs
Suggested
Switch from active to passive and vice versa
Remarked
Retorted
Convert complex and compound to simple sentence and vice
Explained
versa
Questioned
Found
You may quote/copy short phrases when paraphrasing – but
Reported
always show they are quoted!
Shown
Indicated
A paraphrase is a statement that repeats something that
Used
another person has said or written by rephrasing it. It is
generally recommended that you paraphrase significant
arguments and facts related to your topic rather than
paraphrase indiscriminately.
Paraphrasing:
Paraphrasing means taking someone else's sentences or ideas and rewriting
them in your own words.

In writing, you can either directly quote or paraphrase information. Using too many
direct quotes can make your writing difficult to follow, so it's best to balance both
methods. Regardless of whether you quote or paraphrase, always ensure you credit
the original source.
Techniques Used While Paraphrasing :
1. Use synonym
- There is little chance that the situation will improve.
- There is little possibility that the circumstances will get better.

- He was angry about the mistake.

- He was furious about the error.

2. Use antonym
- The man is tall
- The man is not short.

- The school is far away.

- The school is not near.
3. Use Negatives or Opposite Expressions
- Rajshahi is hotter than Dhaka.
- Dhaka is not as hot as Rajshahi.

- This house is bigger than mine.

- My house is not as big as this one.

4. Break up long sentences, combine shorter sentences order of words

- Mrs. Rabeya walked to the store. Her pet dog walked along with her.
- Mrs. Rabeya’s pet dog walked along with her when she was going to the store.

- John finished his homework. He went outside to play.

- After finishing his homework, John went outside to play.
5. Change the order of clauses
- Even though the weather was good, Joya was in a bad mood.
- Joya was in a bad mood, even though the weather was good.

- Despite the heavy rain, the event continued as planned.

- The event continued as planned, despite the heavy rain.

6. Use general words

- The factory manufactures boxes. General Words
Synonym - The factory produces boxes. Make: Build, create, or manufacture.
General - The factory makes boxes. Do: Perform, complete, or carry out.

- The chef prepared a gourmet meal. Get: Receive, obtain, or acquire.

Synonym: The chef cooked a gourmet meal. Go: Travel, leave, or move.
General: The chef made a fancy meal. Thing: Item, object, or device.
Say: Declare, state, or mention.
Has: Contains,
7. Change the form of words
- She discarded her used lipstick case in the trash can.
- She threw away her used lipstick case in the trash can.

- Mr. Ahmed had five children.

- Mr. Ahmed was the father of five.

- Many people in Canada are bilingual.

- Many people in Canada speak two languages.

8. There + be (is, are, was, will) + Noun/Pronoun

- Museums are not needed anymore.
- There is no need to have museums anymore.

- The results are not satisfactory.

- There are no satisfactory results.

- Books are essential for learning.

- There is a need for books in learning.
9. Active → Passive
- The teacher explains the lesson clearly.
- The lesson is explained clearly by the teacher.

- They will announce the results tomorrow.

- The results will be announced by them tomorrow.

- The chef prepares the meal.

- The meal is prepared by the chef.

- The researchers conducted the experiment.

- The experiment was conducted by the researchers.

- People have used the library for research.

- The library has been used for research by people.
Characteristics of a good paraphrase :
● MEANING is the same
- Regular exercise improves physical health
- Consistent physical activity enhances overall health."
- X Exercise is not important for staying healthy

● Most of the words have been changed. (Use synonyms and antonyms/opposites)
- The cat sat on the mat
- The feline rested on the rug.
- X The cat is sitting on the mat.

• The sentences have been significantly restructured. (e.g. phrases & clauses)
- The chef prepares the meal.
- The meal is prepared by the chef.
- X The chef makes the meal.
● This is about the same LENGTH as the original writing
- Eating vegetables is important for maintaining good health.
- It is essential to consume vegetables for staying healthy.
- X Vegetables are good.

● Your own words and style are being used

- The book highlights the importance of time management.
- The author emphasizes how crucial it is to manage one’s time effectively.
- X The book talks about how important time management is.

● No new ideas (including your opinion) are being added to the paraphrased text
- Regular exercise improves physical health.
- Consistent physical activity enhances overall health.
- X Regular exercise is the only way to stay fit and healthy.

● The information is correctly referenced. (if there is an author or a reference, mention it)
- Social media can impact mental health" (Smith, 2020).
- Paraphrase: "According to Smith (2020), mental health may be influenced by social media."
- X Mental health is affected by social media.