ARTICLES OF BECK DEPRESSION SCALE II
1. Brief Mood Survey Concurrent Validation With the Beck Depression
Inventory–II and the Symptom Checklist–90–Revised: An Efficient
Tool to Improve Treatment Monitoring
Paul B. Whittemore email the author, Stacy Y. Chong, Mitch K. Nodelman
This study documents the need for wider use of treatment monitoring in the
mental health field and presents clinicians with a valuable, brief tool for
monitoring progress regarding depression, anxiety and anger, all on one page.
Strong concurrent validation was established between the five-item Depression
Scale of David Burns’ Brief Mood Survey (BMS) and the widely used but longer,
21-item Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II). Strong validation was also found
regarding the classification of depression severity (minimal, mild, moderate, and
severe) between the two scales. Additionally, the sensitivity (using standard
formulas) of the BMS Depression Scale in detecting “clinically significant”
scores as defined by the BDI-II is 96% (i.e., the percentage of accurate detection
by the BMS); its specificity is 83% (i.e., its freedom from incorrectly labeling a
BDI-II “minimal depression” score as “clinically significant”), and its overall
combined accuracy in differentiating “minimal” and “clinical classifications” is
92%. This research also shows that the BMS Anxiety Scale and BMS Anger Scale
(both five items) correlate significantly with the respective subscales of Anxiety
and Hostility on the Symptom Checklist–90–Revised (SCL-90-R), providing
further valuable client information for clinicians. This means the BMS offers
psychotherapists a much needed quick, efficient, valid, standardized instrument
for identifying and assessing depression, and for monitoring treatment progress
regarding depression, anxiety, and anger. Additionally, the five-item BMS
Depression Scale by itself offers physicians and other health care professionals a
valid, quick screening tool for detecting depression and assessing its severity.
2. A Cross Sectional Survey of Depression Among Undergraduate
Physiotherapy Students Using Beck’s Depression Inventory
Riya Sawant1*, Dr. Sabina Salim Hakim2
Introduction: Depression is a universal problem that affects people
belonging to medical profession. In Physiotherapy profession there is
constant contact with the patients as well as academic stress which can lead
to various mental health problems that need to be identified. Due to limited
research in depression in physiotherapy students, the following study was
undertaken. Objectives: This study is undertaken to identify the incidence
of depression in Undergraduate Physiotherapy students of TMV’s
Lokmanya Tilak College of Physiotherapy, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai.
Methods: Using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the study was
conducted with a sample size of 156 undergraduate physiotherapy students.
The questionnaire was self-administered and the results were calculated.
Students from 1st year odd batch to interns were taken for the study.
Students who were clinically pre-diagnosed with depression were excluded
from the study. Results: Overall, 65% have minimal depression, 16% have
mild depression, 12% have moderate depression and the remaining 7%
have severe depression. Females showed a higher prevalence to depression
than males in every year. Conclusion: Our study concludes that due to the
academic stresses as well as personal stresses in the individual lives the
students have shown presence of depression. Minimal and mild depression
is seen in more numbers.
3. Group Psychological Therapy Program in Adult Patients with
Congenital Heart Disease and Anxious–Depressive Symptoms
by Efrén Martínez-Quintana, Karen Codana-Alcántara
Introduction: Anxiety and depression are significant mental health
concerns for individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD). As group
therapy has proven to be a valuable and effective treatment option for
managing anxiety and depression, the aim of this study was to determine
its effects on patients with CHD and anxious–depressive symptoms.
Methods: We used non-pharmacological psychological group intervention,
of six weekly sessions of 90 min each, administered by trained personnel,
in adult patients with CHD. Measurement tools included quality of life
(Euro quality of life-5D questionnaire), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-
Esteem Scale), anxiety (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck
Depression Inventory-II), and satisfaction surveys. Results: A total of 18
out of 21 CHD patients (mean age 35.8 ± 9.0 years old and 13 (72%)
females) completed the program. According to CHD complexity, five
(28%) patients had mild, six (33%) moderate, and seven (38%) great
defects. Patients with CHD scored significantly higher in the Euro quality
of life visual analogue scale (7.83 ± 1.4 vs. 7.14 ± 1.6, p = 0.012) and lower
in the Beck Depression Inventory-II (12.3 ± 10.9 vs. 18.1 ± 12.1, p = 0.003)
post-program than pre-intervention. Meanwhile, the Rosenberg Self-
Esteem Scale score was close to reaching statistical significance (27.4 ±
6.0 vs. 25.1 ± 5.4, p = 0.051), while the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory did
not. Finally, participants scored high in the satisfaction questionnaire at the
end of the sessions, on a scale from 0 to 3, especially in the questions
related to feeling comfortable with others (2.5 ± 0.6), recommending the
program (2.3 ± 0.6), or being willing to attend future sessions (2.6 ± 0.8).
Conclusions: Group psychological therapy proved to be a useful tool to
reduce depressive symptomatology after a 6-week program, providing a
comfortable environment to patients with CHD.
4. Using the Beck Depression Inventory to Assess Anhedonia: A Scale
Validation Study by Ashby B. Cogan
Anhedonia is central to several psychological disorders and a frequent
target of psychosocial and pharmacological treatments. We evaluated the
psychometric properties of two widely used anhedonia measures derived
from the Beck
Depression Inventory: a 3-item (BDI-Anh3) and a 4-item version (BDI-
Anh4). We evaluated these measures in a large undergraduate sample, a
community sample, and a clinical sample. Both the BDI-Anh3 and the
BDI-Anh4 showed adequate internal consistency, with BDI-Anh4
performing somewhat better, across the three samples. Both measures
showed good
convergent and discriminant validity, even after controlling for shared
variance with other items on the BDI. These findings indicate that both
measures have sufficient reliability and validity to support their use by
researchers and clinicians.
5. The prevalence of depression and anxiety among cardiovascular
patients at University of Gondar specialized hospital using beck's
depression inventory II and beck anxiety inventory: A cross-sectional
study
Tihitina Sisaya ∙ Missaye Mulatea
Psychosocial issues are leading factor as well as consequences of
cardiovascular disease. Identifying factors associated with depression
facilitate service quality improvement for inpatients. This study assessed
the prevalence and identified associated factors with depression and
anxiety among patients with cardio vascular disease.
Method
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a
convenience sample of 370 stable adult patients from June 1 to July 30,
2020 among cardiovascular disease patients at the University of Gondar
Specialized Hospital Ethiopia. Data were collected by using structured
questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21. The
statistical significance declared at p-value <0.05.
Result
In this study, among 370 cardiovascular diseases patients, 228 (61.6 %)
suffer from anxiety, and 53.51 % (198) suffer with depression. There was
a significant mean difference in the level of depression and anxiety
between male and female Cardiovascular diseases patients. The females'
scores of depression (mean = 28, p < 0.01) and anxiety (mean = 25.3, p <
0.01) were more than that of males ‘scores of depression (mean = 15.1, p
< 0.01) and anxiety (mean = 12.3, p < 0.01). Cardiovascular diseases
patients aged greater than 60 years have the highest rate of prevalence of
depression in all age group. Being in the age category of greater than 60
years was 1.16 (0.57–2.32) times more likely to have depression than the
age category of 18–24 years. Depression and anxiety were significantly
associated with being woman, widowed, being single, unable to read and
write, and possess mental disorders history.
