Simple Connection
If the line of action of the resultant force to be resisted passes through the center of gravity of
the connection , each part of the connection is assumed to resist an equal share of load, then
the connection is called simple connection.
Examples of Simple Connections
Shear Connections (single or double angle)
Shear Connections ( Shear Plate/Tab)
Shear Connections ( Shear End Plate)
Shear Connections ( Seat Plate)
Moment Connections ( Flange Plate)
Moment Connections ( directly welded)
Moment Connections ( End Plate)
Eccentrically Loaded connections
The Elastic Method - it is a method of analysis for ecentrically loaded blot connecction which uses basic
mechanics and superposition to estimate the shear stress in each bolt wherein the load is moved (by
components) to the center of gravity of the bolt group and a moment added to account for the eccentricity and
the stresses for each case are then determined and vectorally added together.
Three Method of Analysis:
1.) Elastic Method
2.) Reduced Eccentricity Method
3.) Ultimate strength Method;
Elastic Method:
M = Pe
𝑴𝒚 𝑴𝒙
PTx = and PTy =
∑(𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 ) ∑(𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 )
Problem #1: Determine the most stressed bolt/s
and the required diameter of bolts used in the
connection using elastic Analysis Method.
Solution:
Direct Shear:
∑Fv =0 ∑Fh =0
6Pdy = 200 6Pdx = 300
200 300
Pdy = = 33.33 KN/bolt Pdx = = 50 KN/bolt
6 6
Torque (moment with respect to c.g. of bolt)
M1= 200(0.1875 m) = 32.5 KN-m (clockwise)
M2= 300(0.135 m) = 40.5 KN-m (counter clockwise)
M = 37,5 – 40.5 = 3 KN-m (counter clockwise)
The farthest bolt from the c.g. is the possible critical bolt.
Considering bolt #1.
∑d2 = ∑(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )
∑d2 = 6(37.5)2 +4(75)2
∑d2 = 30,937.5 mm2
𝑴𝒚 𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝟕𝟓)
PTx =
∑(𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 )
= =7.27 KN
𝟑𝟎,𝟗𝟑𝟕.𝟓
𝑴𝒙 𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟕.𝟓)
PTy = ∑(𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 ) = =3.6 KN
𝟑𝟎,𝟗𝟑𝟕.𝟓
2
P1 =√(𝑃𝐷𝑥 + 𝑃𝑇𝑥 )2 + (𝑃𝐷𝑦 + 𝑃𝑇𝑦)
P1 =√(50 + 7.27)2 + (33.33 + 3.64)2
P1 = 68.16 KN
Using A325 bolts , Fnv = 457 MPa (NSCP 2015)
P = FnvAb
𝜋 2
68.16 (1000) = 457(4 𝑑 )
d = 13.78 mm say use 16 mm diameter bolt
Problem #2:
Determine the shear force in the most stressed
Fastener in the figure if P= 100 KN. The service
Load P is 50% deadload and 50% live load. There
Are 8- 16 mm diameter bolts with FNV = 457 MPa.
Check also the adequacy of the bolt used.
Using LRFD Method:
Pu = 1.2 (50% x 100 ) + 1.6 (50% x 100) = 140 KN
Due to direct load:
8Pdy = 140
140
Pdy = = 17.5 KN/bolt
8
Due to Torque:
M =Pu (e) = 140 (290 )= 40,600 KN-m
∑d2 = ∑(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )
∑d2 = 4(902 +1202 ) + 4(902 +402 )
∑d2 = 128,800 mm2
Consider the critical bolt
𝑴𝒚 𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟏𝟐𝟎)
PTx =
∑(𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 )
= =37.8264 KN
𝟏𝟐𝟖,𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝑴𝒙 𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟗𝟎)
PTy = ∑(𝒙𝟐 = =28.37 KN
+𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟏𝟐𝟖,𝟖𝟎𝟎
2
P1 =√(𝑃𝑇𝑥 )2 + (𝑃𝐷𝑦 + 𝑃𝑇𝑦 )
Pu =√(37.876)2 + (17.5 + 28.37)2
Pu = 59.45 KN
Check the Adequacy:
ФRn ≥ Pu
𝜋 2
0.75⟮FNV (4 𝑑 ) ⟯ ≥ Pu
𝜋 2
0.75⟮457 x (4 (16) ) ⟯ ≥ 59.45 KN
68.914 KN ≥ 59.45 KN ( Adequate)
Welded Connection:
In the given welded bracket shown, design the required size of the weld needed to resist the
Given eccentric factored load Pu = 40 KN. Use E60xx electrode.
Solution:
Locate the centroid of the welds:
LT 𝑥̅ = ∑Lx ; 250 𝑥̅ = 100 (100) + 150 (75)
𝑥̅ = 85 mm
LT 𝑦̅ = ∑Ly ; 250 𝑦̅ = 100 (100) + 150 (0)
𝑦̅ = 40 mm
Possible most stresses portion of welds:
@ B ; dist. From c.g. = 88.459
@ C ; dist. From c.g. = 93.94
T= 40,000 (250-85) = 6.6 x106 N-mm
𝐿2
J= ∑⟮L( +x2 +y2)⟯
12
(100)2 (150)2
J= 100( +152 +602) + 150( +102 +402)
12 12
J= 1002803.33 mm3
Due to direct load:
40000𝑁
PD = = 160 N/mm
250 𝑚𝑚
Consider portion B.;
𝑇𝑦 6600,000(60)
PTx = = = 395 N/mm
𝐽 1002803.33
𝑇𝑥 6600,000(65)
PTy = = = 428 N/mm
𝐽 1002803.33
RB = √(395)2 + (428 + 160)2 = 708.54 N/mm
Consider portion C.;
𝑇𝑦 6600,000(40)
PTx = = = 263.45 N/mm
𝐽 1002803.33
𝑇𝑥 6600,000(85)
PTy = = = 559.83 N/mm
𝐽 1002803.33
PC = √(263.45)2 + (559.83 − 160)2 = 478.825 N/mm
Therefore Critical Pn= PB = 708.54 N/mm
Design the w; (w=size of fillet weld)
ФPn ≥ Pu
0.75(Fnw Av) ≥ Pu
0.75(0.60FExx (tL)) ≥ Pu
0.75(0.60FExx (tL)) ≥ Pu
0.75(0.60FExx (0.707L)) ≥ Pu
0.75(0.60FExx (0.707wL)) ≥ Pu
0.75(0.60FExx (0.707w(1))) ≥ 708.54
w= 5.379 mm say use 6 mm
