Institutional Correction – CA1 REVIEWER
• PENOLOGY – It is the study of crime prevention, prison and reformatory
management and the correction of criminals.
• CORRECTION – It is that branch of the administration of criminal justice system
charged with the responsibility for the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of
the convicted offender.
• PRISONER – Is consider as the unwilling subject of the correctional
process.
Two (2) Approaches of Corrections
1.) Institutional Correction (institution-based correction )
- Rehabilitation ir correctional programs take place inside
correctional facilities or institutions such as national penitentiaries
or jails.
2.) Non-institutional Correction (community-based correction)
- Rehabilitation or correctional programs takes place within the
community. In this approach the convict will not placed or be
released from correctional facility or jails.
Community Based Programs
1.) PAROLE –
2.) PROBATION (subok laya)–
3.) PARDON -
AGENCIES OF THE GOVERNMENT CHARGED WITH CORRECTIONAL
RESPONSIBILITY
1.)Bureau of Correction (BuCor)
2.)Bureau of Jail management and Penology (BJMP)
3.)Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP)
4.)Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
5.)Provincial and Sub-Provincial Jails
AGENCIES THAT ARE UNDER INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION
1.) BuCor
2.) BJMP
3.) Provincial and Sub-Provincial Jail
AGENCIES THAT ARE UNDER NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION
1.) BPP
2.) PPA
UNDER DOJ UNDER DILG
• BuCor • BJMP
•BPP •Provincial& Sub-Provincial
•PPA Jail
• INMATE - Is a person committed to jail/prison by a competent court or
authority for any of the following reasons:
1.) To serve a sentence after conviction
2.) Under trial
3.) Under investigation
GENERAL CATEGORY OF INMATES
1.)Sentenced Prisoner (prisoner) - are persons who are convicted by
final judgment of the crime charged against them;
2.)Detention Prisoner (detainee) - are persons who are detained for
the violation of law or ordinance and has not yet been convicted; and
3.)Safekeeping - is the temporary custody of a persons or detention of
a person for his own protection or care, to secure from liability to harm,
injury or danger.
CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCE PRISONER
1.)Insular Prisoner - is a person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of over
three (3) years and it is also known as National Prisoner.
2.)Provincial Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of six (6)
months and one (1) day to three (3) years.
3.)City Prisoner - is a person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of
one (1) day to three (3) years.
4.)Municipal Prisoner - is a person who is sentenced to serve a prison
term of one (1) day to six (6) months.
INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
The inmate's security classification utilized by the BJMP is different
from what is being use by the BuCor.
BJMP BuCor
CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION
1. High risk inmates 1. Super
2. High profile inmates 2. Maximum
3. Ordinary inmates 3. Medium
4. Maximum
Suggested Alternatives for Detention and Imprisonments
1. Wider use of bail and other approved methods of released from custody.
2. Elimination from the jail and prison of those who should be elsewhere
like those mentally-ill and juveniles.
3. Payment of fines instead of imprisonment if penal law permits.
4. Extensive use of Community-based Correction approaches like Probation,
Parole and Conditional Pardon
5. Used of the delayed sentenced. This is a procedure, which permits an
incarcerated inmate to pursue his normal job during the week and return to
the jail or prison facility to serve sentence during non-working hours. In the
Philippines, delayed sentenced is not being applied.
• JAIL - Are institutions for the confinement of persons who are awaiting
final disposition of their criminal cases and also the service of those
convicted and punished with shorter sentences, usually up to three (3)
years.
Origin of Jail
The jail is said to have originated in Medieval England. When
Henry II ordered that the sheriff in each of the institutions spread through
England in 1166 originally conceived as a place for detaining suspected
offenders until they could be tried, jails eventually came to serve the dual
purposes of detention and punishment.
The concept of the English jail was brought to the colonies soon after
the settlers arrived from the Old World, the jail was used to detain those
awaiting trial and those awaiting punishment; the stocks and pillory and the
whipping post being located nearby.
At the start of the nineteenth century, children, debtors, slaves,
mentally-ill and physically ill were usually sent to other institutions, Both
pre-trial and began to be housed in jails.
TYPES OF JAILS IN GENERAL
1.)LOCK-UP - is a security facility for the temporary detention of
persons held for investigation or waiting preliminary hearing.
2.)ORDINARY JAIL -houses both offenders awaiting court action and
those serving short sentences usually up to three (3) years.
3.)WORK HOUSES - jail farm or Camp-houses minimum custody
offenders serving short sentences with constructive work programs.
TYPES OF JAIL BASED ON INMATE POPULATION
1. Type A- with population of 100 inmates or more
2. Type B- with population of 21-90 inmates
3. Type C- with population of 20 inmates or less
TYPES OF JAIL BASED ON IT’s JURISDICTION
1. Municipal Jail
2. City Jail
3. District Jail
4. Provincial Jail
