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CSEC Additional Mathematics Formulas

The CSEC Additional Mathematics Formula Sheet provides essential formulas across various mathematical topics including Algebra, Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, Differentiation, Integration, Matrices, Sequences, Series, and Probability. Key formulas include factorization, laws of indices, trigonometric identities, differentiation rules, and basic probability calculations. This comprehensive guide serves as a quick reference for students preparing for examinations.

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286 views3 pages

CSEC Additional Mathematics Formulas

The CSEC Additional Mathematics Formula Sheet provides essential formulas across various mathematical topics including Algebra, Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, Differentiation, Integration, Matrices, Sequences, Series, and Probability. Key formulas include factorization, laws of indices, trigonometric identities, differentiation rules, and basic probability calculations. This comprehensive guide serves as a quick reference for students preparing for examinations.

Uploaded by

jodellemulrain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CSEC Additional Mathematics Formula Sheet

1. Algebra
**Factorization & Expansion**

a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b)

a³ - b³ = (a - b)(a² + ab + b²)

a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² - ab + b²)

(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

(a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²

**Laws of Indices**

a^m * a^n = a^(m+n)

a^m / a^n = a^(m-n)

(a^m)^n = a^(mn)

a^0 = 1

a^(-n) = 1/a^n

**Surds**

√a * √b = √(ab)

√a / √b = √(a/b)

(√a + √b)(√a - √b) = a - b

2. Coordinate Geometry
**Straight Line**

Gradient: m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)

Equation of a line: y - y1 = m(x - x1)

Slope-intercept form: y = mx + c
Midpoint: M = ((x1 + x2)/2, (y1 + y2)/2)

Distance formula: d = √[(x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)²]

Perpendicular lines: m1 * m2 = -1

3. Trigonometry
**Basic Identities**

sin²A + cos²A = 1

1 + tan²A = sec²A

1 + cot²A = csc²A

**Sine & Cosine Rule**

Sine Rule: a/sinA = b/sinB = c/sinC

Cosine Rule: c² = a² + b² - 2ab cosC

Area of a Triangle: 1/2 ab sinC

4. Differentiation
**Basic Rules**

Power Rule: d/dx (x^n) = n x^(n-1)

Product Rule: d/dx (uv) = u'v + uv'

Quotient Rule: d/dx (u/v) = (v u' - u v') / v²

Chain Rule: d/dx f(g(x)) = f'(g(x)) g'(x)

**Trigonometric Derivatives**

d/dx sinx = cosx

d/dx cosx = -sinx

d/dx tanx = sec²x

5. Integration
**Basic Rules**

∫ x^n dx = (x^(n+1)) / (n+1) + C


∫ sinx dx = -cosx + C

∫ cosx dx = sinx + C

Definite Integral: ∫(a to b) f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

6. Matrices & Transformations


**Matrix Operations**

Determinant of 2x2 matrix: |A| = ad - bc

Inverse of 2x2 matrix: A⁻¹ = (1/det(A)) * [d -b; -c a]

7. Sequences & Series


**Arithmetic Progression (AP)**

nth term: an = a + (n - 1)d

Sum of first n terms: Sn = (n/2) [2a + (n - 1)d]

**Geometric Progression (GP)**

nth term: an = ar^(n-1)

Sum of first n terms: Sn = a(1 - r^n) / (1 - r), r ≠ 1

Sum to infinity: S∞ = a / (1 - r), if |r| < 1

8. Probability & Statistics


**Basic Formulas**

Mean: (Σx) / n

P(A or B): P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

P(A and B) (Independent): P(A) * P(B)

Conditional Probability: P(A | B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B)

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