1Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

THE IMPACT OF HIGH HEAT INDEX ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

AMONG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH

SCHOOL.

A Research Proposal Presented to

Mrs. Bernadette S. Trinidad

Bayabat National High School

National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 2Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

By:

Jhon Loid A. Martin

Jay Arnel P. Medrano

Bheder C. Tabaug

Princess M. Anc

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

The warm sunlight is what cause the temperature to be warm. Due to pollution and inappropriate

human activities that negatively impact the environment, which include burning coal, oil, natural

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 3Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

gas, kerosene, and propane, which are products of fossilize fuel that originates from business and

plants, and deforestation, among other unsuitable activities. And when this happens, its get

heated outside, thickening the atmosphere so that the heat the sun creates cannot escape and

returns to our surroundings.

As a result of the sun, the entire planet is experiencing heat. No doubt, a wide range of industries

was impacted. And one of that is education. Hard study times become unfeasible for a student.

The Philippines current educational climate seems depressing. According to the Philippine

Atmospheric, Geographical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA) said the

temperature reach 38.8 degrees celcius in Cagayan Valley in April 03 2024.

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 4Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Despite to this warm temperature as among the valid for suspension or cancellation of in

personal classes. The Department of Education (DEPED) has reminded heads of public and

private schools nationwide that they have the authority to suspend or cancel the face to face

classes.” Address readers will remember the summer of our youth when air conditioning wasn’t

that widely, but the heat never seemed as oppressive as what we are seeing and feeling todays ,

particular in cities , concrete jungles that they have very little green space available to deflect the

heat ”.(Michael L. Tan 2013.)

According to World Health Organization (WHO) Rapid rise in heat again due to exposure to

hotter than average condition comprise the body’s ability to regulate temperature and could

result in cascade of illness. Including heat cramps , heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and

hyperthermia.

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 5Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Junior High School students academic performance is adversely affected by high heat index

because it lowers their cognitive function, attention span, and general academic concentration

which result in lower grades and less successful learning outcome. Understanding and addressing

the impact of high heat index on the academic performance of junior High school student is

crucial from promoting education equity, optimizing learning environment, and fostering student

success. By recognizing the significant influence of the heat stress on student’s cognitive

abilities, academic concentration, policymakers, and school administrator can implemented

targeted interventions to mitigate the negative effects high heat index on learning outcomes.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

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Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 6Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

1.How do junior high school students’ academic results at Bayabat National High School get

affected by the high heat index?”1:How does a high heat index effect junior high school pupils’

capacity to focus and learn, and how does this affect their academic achievement in the

Philippines?”

2.How does the academic performance of junior high school students in the Philippines get

affected by a high heat index during the school year?”

3:How does a high heat index effect junior high school pupils’ capacity to focus and learn, and

how does this affect their academic achievement in the Philippines?"

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 7Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

This study will focus on the impact of high heat index on the academic performance of Juniors

high school student at Bayabat National high school in this current year. The research will

interview about the topic. The said students of Bayabat National High School will answer

questions, the questions will determine the impact of high heat index to the academic

performance of the student

This study will focus on the impact of high heat index among Junior High school students of

Bayabat National High School in this current year.

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

STUDENTS The study of the impact of high heat index on the academic performance of junior

high school students is significant for several reasons. High heat index levels can have various

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 8Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

effects on students, potentially influencing their cognitive abilities, physical well-being, and

overall academic performance. Here are some key points highlighting the significance of this

study:

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

What are the impact of high heat index on the academic performance among junior high school

students of Bayabat National High school?

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 9Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Much of Asia - including Southeast Asia - has been baking under high

temperatures, prompting school closures as well as authorities across the

region to issue health warnings amid heat-related concerns.The months of

March, April and May are typically the hottest and driest in the region, but

conditions this year have been worsened by the El Nino weather

phenomenon. (Calvin Yang 2024)

According to (Betty Lala and Aya Hagishima 2023) Children in developing

countries such as India will experience severe consequences of climate

change. Primary school students, in particular, are the most vulnerable to

extreme weather conditions, such as heat waves intensifying due to climate

change. This will adversely impair their development, well-being, and

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 10Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

learning outcomes. However, significant research gaps exist in

understanding and mitigating children’s vulnerabilities. There is an urgent

need for a deeper understanding of the impact of heat waves on children’s

health and well-being in India. Further, the discussion on the state of heat

safety in Indian primary schools is limited. This study addresses these gaps

by surveying 335 primary school teachers in seven Indian cities. The data

gathered from the field survey offers a better understanding of classroom

experiences and challenges encountered by children and teachers during

heat waves. It underscores several aspects of students’ vulnerability to heat

exposure and its adverse impact on their health, such as absence from

school, physical symptoms of heat distress, etchetera. Furthermore, it

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 11Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

highlights the pressing need for classroom heat risk management in light of

climate change and makes several policy prescriptions in primary schools.

Also according to (Madeline will 2022) Historic heat waves across the United States thwarted

the start of the 2022-23 school year, forcing schools to shut down, pivot to remote learning, or

dismiss students early in the day.2022 marked the nation’s third-hottest summer on record, with

several states seeing record-breaking temperatures stretch into September. Schools across the

country—in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Cleveland, Denver, and San Diego, among others—closed

due to excessive heat. In Columbus, Ohio, teachers went on strike demanding air conditioning in

classrooms.Experts say all of that is a foreboding harbinger of what’s to come.

In addition to that ( Mark Liemberman 2022) As climate change accelerates, temperatures will

continue to rise well into the school year, including in regions that aren’t used to hot weather.

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 12Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Many schools don’t have air conditioning units that are equipped to cope with sweltering heat.

And a body of research shows that hot classrooms are detrimental to student learning.“Schools

are not prepared for the extreme heat, and we need to change that now,” said (Jonathan Klein

2022) the co-founder of Undaunted K-12, a national nonprofit supporting climate action in

public schools that tracks school closures due to heat and other extreme weather.It’s also an

equity issue, he said: “Our most vulnerable students are the most vulnerable to extreme heat”.

According to save the children “Save the Children Philippines calls for the government to

address climate change, as heatwaves surpassed 42ºC in five places this week, resulting in the

suspension of hundreds of classes across the country. Children’s bodies are still developing and

are not as capable of regulating internal body temperature as adults, making them more

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 13Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

susceptible to heat-related illnesses, asthma, allergies, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory

problems.

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration

(PAGASA) blames El Niño for recent heatwaves. High temperatures of 42ºC will be particularly

uncomfortable in Western Visayas and Negros Island. “Educators and local authorities have been

forced to take the extreme decision to shut hundreds of schools because this extreme heat means

children are simply unable to concentrate in the classroom and their health is also at risk. We

need to see urgent action now to limit warming to a maximum of 1.5°C above pre-industrial

levels. Failing to do this will have dramatic consequences for children’s health, safety, and

wellbeing.” Atty. (Alberto and Muyo2024) CEO of Save the Children Philippines, said.

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 14Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Climate change has been raising global temperatures and causing unprecedented heatwaves all

around the world, with more countries experiencing hotter days more frequently. Climate change

and poverty threaten one-third of the world’s children, or 774 million, simultaneously. In fact, in

the Philippines this week, the high heat index necessitated the closure of nearly 4000 schools and

the move to alternative delivery modes of learning (ADM) to protect students. Children and

youth advocates expressed concern about climate change’s impact on their education and quality

of life. According to (Rohj and Olivo 2024) a 17-year-old climate activist, “In the previous four

years, we have seen changes in the school calendar and mode of delivery owing to the pandemic

and to react to the changing environment, on top of all the class suspensions due to recurrent

typhoons. We’re expecting another calendar adjustment as a result of El Nino.” Carla, a fifteen-

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Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 15Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

year-old from Navotas City, offered her firsthand experience: “Before, I used to walk home to

save on fare, but now I can’t because of the heat.” Commuting is difficult, sidewalks are tiny,

and it’s really hot! Inequality exacerbates climate change’s effects. Big countries and

corporations contribute to rising temperatures, leaving those with little to struggle the most.

“They must be held accountable.”

According to some teachers from Eastern Samar and Cotabato City, the oppressive temperature

in the classroom is bad to students’ health, focus, and the entire learning experience. “Several of

our students are suffering with colds and coughs. If the heat wave persists, we will need to adopt

modular learning so that the children can wear light and stay hydrated at home.” Teacher

(Geralyn 2024) stated.

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 16Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

“ Teacher (Perla 2024) suggests that schools prepare for El Niño by providing potable water in

each classroom. She noticed that the classrooms lacked enough ventilation, and a rising heat

wave can make children restless, unable to concentrate, and feeling ill.

The recorded heat Index reached 48 degrees Celsius in the town of Aparri, Cagayan and

Dagupan City, Pangasinan this Thursday, May 02, 2024. In the monitoring of the Northern

Luzon PAGASA Regional Services Division, the said areas recorded the highest heat index in

the entire northern Luzon today. This is the second time that the town of Aparri has recorded a

48°C heat index that is at the “danger level”, so PAGASA continues to remind the public to

make a habit of drinking water. Meanwhile, the city of Tuguegarao recorded the highest

temperature of 39.0 degrees Celsius. In the town of Aparri, a temperature of 35.5 degrees Celsius

was experienced while the island of Calayan experienced 32.9°C. ENG( Banala 2024)

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 17Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter gives an outline of research methods that were followed in the study. It provides

information on the participants, that is, the criteria for inclusion in the study, who the participants

are and how they will be sampled. The researcher describes the research design that was chosen

for the purpose of this study and the reasons for this choice. The instrument that will be used for

data collection is also described and the procedures that will be followed in carrying out this

study are included. The researcher also discusses the methods that will be used to analyze the

data that will be gathered.

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Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 18Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers will use the qualitative interview methodology as the study is attempting to

know the different perceptions of the grade 8 students of Bayabat National High School on the of

high heat index on their academic performance. Specifically, a semi-structured interview will be

conducted so that the researchers can ask additional questions during the interviews if

clarifications and further explanations will be needed. The respondents’ subjective and objective

perceptions are expected to form the core data of the study, hence it needed the method that

would deal with the topic in a narrative and descriptive nature.

For the research project on the journey of high heat index on the learners at Bayabat National

High School, 40 students will be chosen at random from a total of 500 pupils using a random

selection technique. This method ensures that every student has an equal chance of being chosen,

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Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 19Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

producing a representative sample. Participants for the study are chosen at random from among

all pupils enrolled in the school using a random number generator. Prior to participation, the

selected pupils or their guardians must sign a consent form in order to preserve participant rights

and confidentiality.

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https://www.onenews.ph/articles/deped-allows-distance-learning-amid-extreme-heat

https://opinion.inquirer.net/162816/heat-index

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 20Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/hot-weather-asia-heatwave-high-temperatures-climate-

change-cna-explains-4300206

https://kyushu-u.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/impact-of-escalating-heat-waves-on-students-

well-being-and-overal

https://www.edweek.org/leadership/the-school-year-is-getting-hotter-how-does-heat-affect-

student-learning-and-well-being/2022/09

https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/heatwaves-pose-health-risks-disrupt-students-learning-

says-save-children-philippines.

https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/heatwaves-pose-health-risks-disrupt-students-learning-

says-save-children-philippines

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 21Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

https://www.facebook.com/share/p/Vy3q19kicsZBgF8U/?mibextid=oFDknk

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 22Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 23Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 24Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 25Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 26Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 27Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]
 28Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
BAYABAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: National Road, Bayabat, Amulung, Cagayan

Telephone Number: 09352976236
Address: [email protected]