Development Class 10 Important

Questions with Answers

Q. No. 1) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
i. Look at the image given below.

Which of the following goals of development should be prioritized

in this region?
a. Reducing income disparities
b. Combatting climate change
c. Ending gender violence
d. Ensuring caste equality
Ans. Option (a)

ii. Which age group of children is included in calculating Net

Attendance Ratio?
a. 14-15
b. 6-10
c. 7-11
d. 5-9
Ans. Option (a).

iii. Which one of the following is the correct meaning of ‘Average

Income’?
a. The total income of the country divided by its earning
population.
b. The total income of the country divided by its total population.
c. The total income of all the residents of the country.
d. The total income from domestic and foreign sources.
Ans. Option (b).

iv. Which of the following measures the population of the literate

population in the seven and above age group?
a. Net attendance ratio
b. Enrolment ratio
c. Literacy rate
d. Drop out ratio
Ans. Option (c).
 v. Read the given data and find out children of which state has
attained maximum elementary school education?

a. Haryana
b. Bihar
c. Haryana and Kerala both
d. Kerala
Ans. Option (d).

vi. Read the following data and select the appropriate option from
the following.
Educational Achievements of the Rural Population of Uttar Pradesh

Category Male Female

Literacy rate for the rural population 76% 54%

Literacy rate for rural children in the age group 10-14 years 90% 87%

Percentage of rural children aged 10-14 years attending school 85% 82%
How much percentage of girls are not attending school?
a. 81%
b. 61%
c. 69%
d. 18%
Ans. Option (d).

vii. Which one of the following best describes the Human

Development Index (HDI)?
a. Improvement in science, information, and technology
b. Improvement in health, education, and income
c. Improvement in information and communication
d. Improvement in investment, finance, and technology
Ans. Option (b).

viii. Absenteeism is one of the most basic indicators of to what

extent the educational needs of students are met by schools. If
the students are turning their back on the education they are
provided, it means that we need to ask ourselves, “Is something
happening in our schools and classrooms that distract students
from education?”
The researchers are MOST LIKELY referring to the factors that
affect ________.
a. Average income
b. Net attendance ratio
c. Public distribution system
d. Net state domestic product
Ans. Option (b).

ix. As of 2020, India is the 6th largest economy in the world but is
ranked low in per capita income.
What can be the reason for this?
a. Low foreign investments
b. Low GDP growth rate
c. High mortality rate
d. High poverty
Ans. Option (d).

x. What Jawaharlal Nehru thought of as temples of independent

India, i.e., dams, have already displaced 11 million Indians.
What is this an example of?
a. Conflicting developmental goals
b. Development of public facilities
c. Sustainable development
d. Human development
Ans. Option (a).

xi. Which of these statements about national development is

TRUE?
a. Only countries with a varied population will have high national
development.
b. Different development goals may be conflicting with a
country’s development.
c. Any one attribute can be used to compare the national
development of two countries.
d. National development can be measured by calculating the total
income of the population.
Ans. Option (b).

xii. Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion

(A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the
appropriate option.
Assertion (A): Human Development mentions how much
socioeconomic development has happened in a country.
Reason (R): Comparison of the national income of two countries
explains the Human Development Index.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Ans. Option (c).

xiii. Assertion (A): Different people have different development

goals.
Reason (R): People want freedom, equality, security, and respect.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c. A is true but R is false.

d. A is false but R is true.
Ans. Option (a).
xiv. Vijay is undernourished as his weight is 45 kg and his height
is 1.78 meters. Find out his Body Mass Index (BMI) from the
following options.
a. 12.6
b. 13.5
c. 14.7
d. 15.2
Ans. Option (c). [BMI = Weight/Height2 = 45/(1.78)2 = 45/3.1684 = 14.20]

xv. Read the following data and information carefully and select
the most appropriate answer from the given options:

Rita is an employee of a multinational company who gets

transferred to different countries after every three years of
service. She has been given an opportunity to choose any one out
of the three countries mentioned in the table above as her next
job location. She calculates the average income of all these
countries as per the given data and chooses to be transferred to
Country A.
Identify the reason why Rita has chosen country A.
a. Most of its citizens are rich and stable.
b. Has the most equitable distribution of income.
c. National income of its citizens is higher.
d. Average income of its citizens is lower.
Ans. Option (b).
xvi. Read the given data and find out which country has the most
equitable distribution of income.

a. Country A
b. Country B
c. Country C
d. Country D
Ans. Option (a).

xvii. Given below is the income distribution of two fictional

countries, each with a population of 5 persons. Which of them
would have a wide gap between the rich and poor?

a. Country P
b. Country Q
c. Both P and Q
d. Neither P nor Q
Ans. Option (d)

xviii. The literacy rate is highest in Kerala while the infant

mortality rate is highest in Bihar. What does it show?
a. Most of the people in Kerala and Bihar have good living
conditions.
b. Both Bihar and Kerala lack basic necessities of life.
c. The standard of living in Kerala is better than in Bihar.
d. The standard of living in Bihar is better than in Kerala.
Ans. Option (c).

xix. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per
capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three
families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000, and Rs 3000 respectively, what is
the income of the fourth family?
a. Rs 7500
b. Rs 3000
c. Rs 2000
d. Rs 6000
Ans. Option (d).
xx. Read the given data and answer the following question.

Identify the country that MOST PROBABLY has a well-developed

healthcare system but lesser average education than India.
a. Sri Lanka
b. Myanmar
c. Pakistan
d. Nepal
Ans. Option (d)

Q. No. 2) Fill in the blanks

1. One of the best ways to reduce over usage of
groundwater is ______.
2. The number of deaths of children less than one year of
age per 1000 live births is referred to as ______.
3. The total number of children of age group 14 and 15
years attending school as a percentage of the total
number of children in the same age group is referred
to as ______.
4. People may have different development goals. What is
development for one, may even be ______ for the other.
Ans.
1. Implementation of stringent policies to control misuse of
water.
2. Infant mortality rate (IMR)
3. Net attendance ratio
4. Destructive.

Q. No. 3) What is development? What are two aspects of

development?
Ans. Development is such a situation that can fulfil the aspiration or
desires of people. It is the progress or improvement in the lifestyle of the
people.
Two aspects of development are:
 Different people can have different development goals.
 What may be development for one may not be development
for others.

Q. No. 4) State any two goals of development other than income.

Ans. The two goals of development other than income are:
  freedom
 security.

Q. No. 5) Why do different people have different notions of

development? Explain.
Ans. It is because the life situations of people are different. People see
things that are most important for them or that can fulfill their aspirations
or desires. For example, the development goal of a boy from a rich urban
family would be to get admission to a reputed college whereas the
development goal of a girl from a rich urban family would be to get as
much freedom as her brother.

Q. No. 6) “Conflicting goals can be development goals.” Elaborate

with examples.
Ans. At times two people or groups of people may seek things that are
conflicting. A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother
and he also shares in the household work. Her brother may not like this.
Similarly, to get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams but
this may submerge the land and disturb the lives of people who are
displaced, such as tribals.

Q. No. 7) Explain how the development goals and aspirations of

landless rural labourers, prosperous farmers, and poor farmers
who depend only on rain are different.
Ans.
 Landless rural labourers: They would like to have more days of
work and better wages, and local schools to provide quality
education to their children there should not be any social
discrimination so that they too can become leaders in the
village.
 Prosperous farmers: They should have an assurance of high
family income through higher support prices for their crops
through hardworking and cheap labour.
 Farmers who depend only on rain: This kind of farmer’s main
goal is to have irrigational facilities, crop insurance at less
premium, and water facilities of life for them as well as their
children.

Q. No. 8) Give examples to prove that there are other important

development goals than income.
Ans. Besides income, the development goals of various categories of
people are different from person to person. Some examples of
developmental goals other than income are:
 For rich farmers: High support price for crops, cheap labour,
and subsidized inputs.
 For landless rural labourers: More days of work, schools for
their children, and no social discrimination.
 For Adivasi: No social discrimination, year-round employment,
school education for children, and PDS shop in his village.
  For urban youth: Opportunity for higher education, availability
of an office job, and a self-owned house.
 For an urban girl from a rich family: Freedom to decide her
profession and be able to pursue her higher studies abroad.

Q. No. 9) “Average income is an important criterion for

development.” Justify.
Ans. To check the criteria for the development of countries, their income
is considered to be one of the most important attributes.
 Countries with higher incomes are more developed than
others with less income.
 This is based on the understanding that more income means
more of all the things that human beings need.

Q. No. 10) “Money in your pocket may not buy all goods and
services you need to live well.” Is it true or not? Elucidate.
Ans. Money in our pockets cannot buy all the goods and services that we
may need to live well.
 Money cannot buy us a pollution-free environment.
 Money cannot buy us a disease-free life and might not be able
to get protection from infectious diseases.
 Besides money, people also like to have equal treatment in
society, freedom, dignity, and honour in their lives, which
money cannot buy them.

Q. No. 11) “National development of a country depends on the

availability of public facilities.” How?
Ans. Public facilities are those provided by the government instead of
individuals or private sources. For this reason, they may be either highly
subsidized or totally free of cost. They are important because many
persons do not have enough income to be able to avail of facilities
provided by the private sector resulting in difficulties faced like
inadequate healthcare, poor nutrition, lack of education, etc. The utility of
two public facilities available in India are:
 The public distribution system (PDS) provides fair average
quality food grains and other essential items to the weaker
section of the population at subsidized prices.
 Health care in government hospitals and dispensaries is
provided to all at a subsidized rate. This includes outpatient as
well as hospitalization facilities.

Q. No. 12) In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for
measuring development different from the one used by World
Bank?
Ans.
World Bank's method of measuring
UNDP's method of measuring development
development

i. UNDP compares on the basis of literacy rate, gross enrolment i. World Bank compares on the basis of
ratio, and health status of people. per capita income.

ii. It divides the countries according to

ii. It gives ranks to the countries according to their level of - Rich or high-income countries
development. - Middle-income or developing countries
- Poor or low-income countries

iii. It is a wider concept as it includes other things besides income. iii. It is a narrow concept.
Q. No. 13) What is the main norm used by the World Bank in
classifying different countries as rich and poor countries? What
are the restrictions of such norms?
Ans. The main norm used by the World Bank in classifying different
countries as rich and poor countries is per capita income.
 Average income hides the disparity.
 Average income does not tell us the distribution of income
among people.
 It is just a material criterion for the comparison.

Q. No. 14) Mention the formula to calculate the BMI (Body Mass
Index).
Ans. Body mass index (BMI) is a person's weight in kilograms divided by
the square of height in meters.

Q. No. 15) Sunita a 25 years old woman lived in a village. Her

height is 1.45 m and her weight is 36 kg. While Nisha is of the
same age and height, her weight is 48 kg. What can be said
about their nutritional condition?
Ans. Sunita’s BMI = Weight/Height2 = 36/(1.45)2 = 36/2.1025 = 17.12
kg/m2. As per the table, Sunita is underweight.
Nisha's BMI = Weight/Height2 = 48/(1.45)2 = 48/2.1025 = 22.83 kg/m2. As
per the table, Nisha is under the normal weight category.

Q. No. 16) What are the criteria used by the UNDP for classifying
countries?
Or,
Explain the meaning of HDI. Mention three components of
measuring HDI.
Ans. United Nations Development Programme has used the criterion of
the Human Development Index to measure the development of countries.
The human development index is a composite index of the achievements
of a nation in terms of three important variables (longevity, knowledge,
and standard of living, quality of life).
HDI is calculated on the basis of:
 Per capita income: It is calculated by dividing the total
national income of a country by the total population.
  Life expectancy: It is the average expected length of life of a
person at the time of birth in a country.
 Gross enrolment ratio for three levels: It means the enrolment
ratio for primary schools, secondary schools, and higher
education beyond the secondary level.

Q. No. 17) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Per Capita Income:
India's GDP was USD 2.7 trillion in 2020, making it the world's
sixth-largest economy. However, the per capita income in India is
only about USD 1,947 per year, which is much lower than the
world average of USD 11,570. This means that the overall
economic output in India is high, but the benefits are not evenly
distributed among the population.
Human Development Index (HDI): HDI is a composite index that
measures the overall development of a country based on
indicators such as life expectancy, education, and income.
According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP),
India's HDI value in 2020 was 0.645, which is below the world
average of 0.737.
This indicates that while India has made significant progress in
improving human development indicators in recent years, there is
still a long way to go.
(A) Why is India’s Per capita income low compared to the world
average? Suggest any one measure to increase the Per capita
income of India.
Ans. Rapid population growth directly affects per capita income in an
economy. Rapid growth leads to the problem of allocation of scarce
resources. The lack of education, healthcare, and employment
opportunities lowers the income level of the citizens, which results in the
low per capita income of the country.
(B) Mention any one measure to increase the Per capita income of
India.
Ans. The per capita income of India may increase through the
government’s investment in infrastructure, Education, and training.
Greater education and job skills allow individuals to produce more goods
and services, start businesses, and earn higher incomes
(C) Propose any two measures to be taken by India in improving
its HDI.
Ans. Two measures to be taken by India to improve its HDI could be:
 Increase in budgetary allocation on education and healthcare
facilities. India needs to focus on improving access to
healthcare services, especially in rural areas. This could
involve building more hospitals and clinics, training more
healthcare workers, and implementing policies to reduce the
cost of healthcare. Subsidies can be channelized towards the
generation of more employment opportunities.
 Investing in education: India needs to invest in education to
improve its human capital. This could involve increasing the
number of schools and colleges, providing better teacher
 training, and implementing policies to ensure that all children
have access to education. Additionally, there needs to be a
focus on improving the quality of education to ensure that
students are gaining the skills they need to succeed in the
workforce.

Q. No. 18) “The issue of sustainability is important for

development.” Examine the statement.
Ans.
 Sustainable development aims at fulfilling the needs of today
without compromising the needs of the future generation.
 Sustainability is the capability to use resources judiciously and
maintain the ecological balance.
 It lays emphasis on environmental protection and checks
environmental degradation.

Q. No. 19) How is the issue of sustainability important for

development? Explain with three examples.
Or,
‘We have not inherited the world from our forefathers – we have
borrowed it from our children.’ explain the above statement with
an example.
Ans. Development, at present, without harming the environment and also
keeping it safe for future generations is termed sustainable development.
 Groundwater, which is a renewable resource, is getting
depleted because of its overuse. People are facing the
problem of a water crisis due to its indiscriminate use.
 The development that emerged from the fast industrialization
leads to the cutting of forests and its result is a polluted-
environment for the present as well as for future generations.
 Crude oil which is a non-renewable resource with limited stock
is depleting gradually. So we need to use it wisely.

Q. No. 20) Find out the present sources of energy that are used
by the people in India.
Ans. The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India
are:
 Electricity
 Coal
 Crude oil
 Cow dung
 Solar energy.

Q. No. 21) Why does Kerala have a better Human Development

Index ranking in comparison to Punjab? Explain with three
reasons.
Ans. Kerala has a better Human Development Index ranking in
comparison to Punjab.
The three reasons are:
 Kerala has better provisions of health facilities and therefore
the IMR in Kerala is very low.
 Kerala has better educational facilities. Therefore, the literacy
rate is high there and the net attendance ratio is also high.
 Kerala has better provisions for PDS.