DEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCTION
Growth: Increase in real national
Income/national output 2. WHAT DEVELOPMENT PROMISES — DIFFERENT PEOPLE, DIFFERENT GOALS
Mixed Goals of Development
Category of Person Developmental Goals / Aspirations
National Development
Economic Development - Improvement Capacity of a Country to improve lives of
in quality of life and living standards, • High Income
Landless rural labourers More wages, more days of work citizens ,fulfils aspirations of its people
e.g. measures of literacy, life-expectancy • Freedom
& healthcare Prosperous farmers from Punjab High family Income , higher support prices
• Sense of security Increase in GDP and improvement in standards
of health & education
Urban unemployed youth Employment • Equal treatment
Different people have different
developmental goals Gets as much freedom as her brother and is able to decide what she Participation of all in governance system
A girl from a rich urban family • Respect
wants to do in life. She is able to pursue her Studies abroad. of the country
What is development for one • Safe working Environment
An adivasi from Narmada Valley Improving socio-economic status, education & healthcare facilities
might not be development for another
3. COMPARE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OR STATES 4. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
For comparison Per capita
Income/ Average Income is
World development Report-2019
Classification of Countries on the
India low middle income
countries per capita income in
published by UNDP
considered= Total income of the basis of Per capita income in USD 2019 was just US$ 6700 per annum
country / total population Rich Countries low-income countries HDI ( Human Development Index) Components of HDI
49,300 per annum 2500 or less published in Human Development Report(HDR) • Long & Healthy Life Life Expectancy at birth
and above
• Educational attainment Mean years of Schooling &
Expected years of schooling
• A decent standard of living GNI per capita(PPP USD)
Note:
Latest data-NewWorld bank
Classification of Countries by SOME DATA REGARDING INDIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS FOR 2019
Income levels: 2022:2023
Country Gross National Mean years HDI Rank in
Income Life Expectancy of Schooling the World
(GNI) per at birth Aged 25 & above (2018)
capita (PPP USD)
Sri Lanka 12,707 77 10.6 73
Other Indicators of Development
• Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 100 live children born India 6,681 69.7 6.5 130 Note:
in that particular year Latest data: Human Development
Myanmar 4,961 67.1 5.0 148 Index- 2022- Indian Scenario
• Literacy Rate the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group
• Net Attendance Ratio the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending school as a percentage of total Pakistan 5,005 67.3 5.2 154
number of children in the same age group
Nepal 3,456 70.8 5.0 143
• Public facilities money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services pollution-free environment,
unadulterated medicines Bangladesh 4,976 72.6 6.2 134
• Proper functioning of Public Distribution System
• India ranked 132nd with a value of 0.633 among 191 countries and territories on the Human Development Index (HDI) 2021-22
• Example Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
• India’s neighbours Sri Lanka (73rd), China (79th), Bangladesh (129th), and Bhutan (127th) ranked above India
• Pakistan (161st), Nepal (143rd), and Myanmar (149th) are worse off.
5. SUSTAINABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT
• Switzerland ranked first in HDI 2021 with an HDI value of 0.962 • South Sudan is at the last 191st position with an HDI score of 0.385
Sustainability “We have not inherited the world from our forefathers we have borrowed it from Reserves (2017) Number of Years
our children.” Preserving the Nature for Future Region/Country (Thousand Million Barrels) Reserves will last
Groundwater Renewable resource replenished by nature
Example
More usage of Crude oil Less stock left cannot be replenished Middle East 808 70
Exhaustion of Natural Resources
Non-renewable Fixed stock cannot be replenished USA 50 10.5
World 1697 50.2
