Class 9th
Work and Energy
Work and Energy: When you do work, energy is spent. It is like a trade—give
some energy, get the work done!
NOTES:
1) Work - Work is what happens when you push or pull something, and it
moves in the direction you are trying to move it. If it does not move, no work is
done, no matter how hard you try!
• Formula – Work = Force X Displacement
• Formula when there is an angle – Work = Force × Displacement × cos(θ)
• SI unit – Joule (J)
Example – You push a stone with 2N of force, and it moves 1 meter.
Work = 2N x 1m = 2 Joules
Class 9th Table of cos(θ)
θ (degrees) cos(θ)
0° 1
30° √3/2
45°
√2/2
60° 1/2
90° 0
Positive Work
When the object moves in the same direction as the force applied, positive
work is done.
Example - You push a box north, and it moves north, positive work is done!
Negative Work
When the object moves against the direction of the force, negative work is
done.
Example - You push a box uphill, but it slides back down, negative work is
done!
Zero Work
Zero work happens when you apply a force, but the object doesn’t move, or
the movement is in a direction not affected by the force. In other words, if
there’s no displacement, there’s no work done, if the force is perpendicular to
the displacement, no work is done, because-
Work = Force × Displacement × cos(θ)
When angle of force is perpendicular (90°), then cos(θ) becomes 0 (as shown in
the table above). When any number is multiplied by 0, the result is 0.
2) Energy - Energy is the ability to do work. It is what makes things move or
happen. There are different types of energy, like kinetic energy (energy of
motion) and potential energy (stored energy).
• Formula: Energy = Work done (Energy is used when work is done)
• SI Unit: Joule (J)
Example:
When you are running, your body has kinetic energy because you are moving.
When you are sitting on top of a slide, you have potential energy because you
are ready to slide down!
3) Power – Power is defined as the rate of doing work. Think of it as how fast
you can finish your homework while procrastinating on social media.
• Formula – Power = Work (W) / Time (t).
• SI unit – Watt
4) Kinetic Energy – kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its
motion. Whenever something moves—be it a rolling ball, a speeding car, or you
sprinting to the fridge—it's displaying kinetic energy.
• Formula – KE = ½ x m x v²
Where m is the mass of the object and v is the velocity or speed of the
object.
• SI unit – joule (J)
5) Potential Energy – Potential energy is the energy an object has because of
its position or state. It is like stored energy, ready to be released.
• Formula – PE = m x g x h
Where m is the mass of the object, g is the gravitational force, and h is the
height.
• SI unit – joule (J)
6) Law of conservation of energy –
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed or transferred.
K.E + P.E = TOTAL ENERGY
Total energy is always constant.
Example – When an object is falling, at the highest point it has highest amount
of potential energy, as it falls, its kinetic energy increases as its coming in
motion and its potential energy decreases, which makes-
High PE + Low KE = TOTAL ENERGY
Low PE + High KE = TOTAL ENERGY
7) Some things to keep in mind for exams-
• 1 watt = 1 joule/second
• 1 kilowatt = 1000 watts
• 1 kW = 1000 W
• 1 kW = 1000 joule/second
8) 10 forms of energy to remember in class 9th –
1) Kinetic Energy
2) Potential Energy
3) Thermal Energy
4) Chemical Energy
5) Electrical Energy
6) Sound Energy
7) Nuclear Energy
8) Light Energy
9) Mechanical Energy
10) Gravitational Energy
Motivational message for students –
The path to success is never easy, but every step you take brings you closer to
your goals. Remember, learning is not just about understanding concepts, it's
about building the strength to overcome challenges, the courage to keep going,
and the determination to reach for your dreams. Keep pushing forward,
because the future belongs to those who never give up!
