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Class12 Physics Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes for Class 12 Physics covering key topics such as Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, Dual Nature of Matter, and Semiconductors. It includes important laws, formulas, and derivations relevant to these topics, along with a list of important areas to focus on for the exam. Key concepts highlighted include Coulomb's Law, Ohm's Law, Gauss's Theorem, Snell's Law, and the Photoelectric Equation.

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75 views3 pages

Class12 Physics Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes for Class 12 Physics covering key topics such as Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, Dual Nature of Matter, and Semiconductors. It includes important laws, formulas, and derivations relevant to these topics, along with a list of important areas to focus on for the exam. Key concepts highlighted include Coulomb's Law, Ohm's Law, Gauss's Theorem, Snell's Law, and the Photoelectric Equation.

Uploaded by

sharmapiyush0932
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 12 Physics Board Exam Notes

## 1. Electrostatics

### 1.1 Coulomb's Law

- Electrostatic force (F) between two point charges:

F = (k q1 q2) / r

where k = 9 10^9 Nm /C .

- Force is repulsive for like charges and attractive for unlike charges.

### 1.2 Electric Field

- Defined as force experienced per unit charge.

E = F/q

- For a point charge: E = (kQ) / r

### 1.3 Gauss's Theorem (Derivation)

- Net electric flux Phi through a closed surface:

Phi = Integral E dA = Q_enc / epsilon

Derivation:

1. Consider a Gaussian surface of radius r around charge Q.

2. Electric flux: Phi = E (4pir )

3. Using Gauss's Law: E (4pir ) = Q/epsilon

4. Solving for E: E = Q / (4piepsilon r )

### 1.4 Capacitance (Derivation)

- Capacitance formula: C = Q/V

- Parallel Plate Capacitor:


1. Electric field between plates: E = Q / (epsilon A)

2. Voltage difference: V = Ed = (Qd) / (epsilon A)

3. Capacitance: C = epsilon A / d

## 2. Current Electricity

### 2.1 Ohm's Law

- V = IR

### 2.2 Kirchhoff's Laws

- KCL: Sum of currents entering a junction = sum of currents leaving it.

- KVL: Sum of potential differences in a closed loop = 0.

## 3. Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism

### 3.1 Biot-Savart Law

- dB = (mu / 4pi) * (I dl sintheta) / r

### 3.2 Ampere's Law

- Integral B dl = mu I_enc

## 4. Electromagnetic Induction & AC

### 4.1 Faraday's Laws

- Induced emf: epsilon = - dPhi / dt

### 4.2 Transformers

- V_s / V_p = N_s / N_p

## 5. Optics
### 5.1 Reflection & Refraction

- Snell's Law: n sintheta = n sintheta

- Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u

### 5.2 YDSE (Young's Double-Slit Experiment)

- Fringe Width: = lambdaD/d

## 6. Dual Nature of Matter & Radiation

- Photoelectric Equation: K_max = hf - Phi

## 7. Semiconductors & Logic Gates

- Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR

## Important Topics for the Exam

- Electrostatics: Gauss's Theorem, Capacitors

- Current Electricity: Kirchhoff's Laws, Potentiometer

- Magnetism: Biot-Savart Law, Ampere's Law

- Optics: Reflection, Refraction, YDSE

- Electronics: Logic Gates, Transistors

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