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Comprehensive Grammar Guide

The document outlines the fundamental components of grammar, including parts of speech, sentence structure, tenses, articles, punctuation, sentence types, subject-verb agreement, clauses and phrases, active and passive voice, and direct and indirect speech. Each section provides definitions and examples to illustrate the concepts. This serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding and using English grammar effectively.

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muskaantahir95
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9 views12 pages

Comprehensive Grammar Guide

The document outlines the fundamental components of grammar, including parts of speech, sentence structure, tenses, articles, punctuation, sentence types, subject-verb agreement, clauses and phrases, active and passive voice, and direct and indirect speech. Each section provides definitions and examples to illustrate the concepts. This serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding and using English grammar effectively.

Uploaded by

muskaantahir95
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GRAMMAR

Parts of Speech
• Nouns: Names of people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., cat, city,
love).
• Pronouns: Words that replace nouns (e.g., he, she, it, they).
• Verbs: Action or state of being words (e.g., run, is, think).
• Adjectives: Words that describe nouns (e.g., beautiful, large, red).
• Adverbs: Words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
(e.g., quickly, very, often).
• Prepositions: Words that show relationships between nouns
(e.g., in, on, at).
• Conjunctions: Words that connect clauses or sentences (e.g.,
and, but, because).
• Interjections: Words expressing emotion (e.g., oh!, wow!).
Sentence Structure
• Subject: The doer of the action.
• Predicate: The part of the sentence that tells something about the
subject.
• Objects: The receiver of the action (direct and indirect objects).
Example
Subject: The cat
Predicate: is sleeping
Object: Ali is eating an object
Tenses
• Understanding past, present, and future tenses.
• Emphasizing the role of verb conjugation in expressing time.

Examples
Past: I went to school
Present: I go to school
Future: I will go to school
Articles and Determiners
• Use of a, an, the and other determiners (e.g., this, that, many).

Examples
A: I saw a cat.
An: she bought an apple.
The: The moon is bright.
Punctuation
• Full stops, commas, question marks, exclamation marks, etc.
• Capitalization rules.
Examples:
Full stop: She is happy.
Comma: Ali, come here.
Question mark: Where are you?
Exclamation mark: What a day!
Sentence Types
• Declarative (statements), Interrogative (questions), Imperative
(commands), and Exclamatory sentences

Examples:
Declarative: I like apples.
Interrogative: Do you like apples?
Imperative: Please pass the salt.
Exclamatory: What a wonderful day!.
Subject-Verb Agreement
• Matching subjects with correct verb forms based on number and
person.
Examples:
• Singular: He runs fast.
• Plural: They run fast.
Clauses and Phrases
• Clauses: Groups of words with a subject and predicate (e.g., main
and subordinate clauses).
• Phrases: Groups of words without a subject-predicate pair (e.g.,
prepositional phrase).
Examples:
Clause: She smiled because she was happy.
Phrase: In the morning, at the park.
Active and Passive Voice
• Difference and transformation between active and passive
constructions.
Examples:
Active: Ali wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by Ali.
Direct and Indirect speech

Rules for converting between direct quotes and reported speech.


Examples:
Direct: He said, “I am happy.”
Indirect: He said that he was happy.

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