SPOTTING PRACTICE
1. T. S. THROUGH BLASTULA.
PERMANENT SLIDE WILL BE GIVEN
You have to identify the slide,
draw the diagram and
write the characteristics
2. T. S. THROUGH TESTIS TO STUDY ITS DEVELOPMENT.
PERMANENT SLIDE WILL BE GIVEN
You have to identify the slide, draw the diagram and write the characteristics
3. T. S. THROUGH OVARY TO STUDY ITS DEVELOPMENT.
PERMANENT SLIDE WILL BE GIVEN
You have to identify the slide, draw the diagram and write the characteristics
4. ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA DISEASE AND SYMPTOMS.
PERMANENT SLIDE WILL BE GIVEN
You have to identify the slide,
draw the diagram and
write the disease and symptoms
5. ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES DISEASE AND SYMPTOMS.
PERMANENT SLIDE WILL BE GIVEN
You have to identify the slide, draw the diagram and write the disease and symptoms
6. RING WORM DISEASE AND SYMPTOMS.
PERMANENT SLIDE WILL BE GIVEN
You have to identify the slide, draw the diagram and write the disease and symptoms
7. PLASMODIUM DISEASE AND SYMPTOMS.
PERMANENT SLIDE WILL BE GIVEN
You have to identify the slide, draw the diagram and write the disease and symptoms
8. SUNFLOWER FLOWER ADAPTED TO POLLINATION
PRINTED PICTURE WILL BE GIVEN
(Learn the following points)
Sunflowers are adapted to pollination in several ways, including:
Bright colors: Sunflowers have large, bright flowers that are easy for insects to see.
Nectar and fragrance: Sunflowers produce nectar and fragrance to encourage insects to stay
on the flower longer.
Sticky pollen: Sunflower pollen is sticky and rich in nectar, so it sticks to insects when they
visit the flower.
UV bullseye pattern: Sunflowers have a UV bullseye pattern that's invisible to humans but
attracts pollinators like bees. Sunflowers in drier climates have larger bullseyes, which help
them retain water and are more popular with bees.
Pointed leaf tips: Sunflowers have pointy leaf tips.
9. WHEAT FLOWER ADAPTED TO POLLINATION
PRINTED PICTURE WILL BE GIVEN
(Learn the following points)
Wheat flowers are adapted to wind pollination, or anemophily, through several features,
including:
Feathery stigma: The stigma is large and feathery, which helps trap airborne pollen grains
Light and non-sticky pollen: Wheat produces large amounts of light, non-sticky pollen grains
that are easily transported by wind
Exposed stamens: The stamens, or anthers, are well exposed to help disperse pollen into the
wind
Non-attractive: Wheat flowers are not attractive, do not produce nectar, and have no scent
10. BIGNONIA FLOWER ADAPTED TO POLLINATION
PRINTED PICTURE WILL BE GIVEN
(Learn the following points)
Bignonia flowers are adapted to pollination by birds and have the following features:
Bright colors: Bignonia flowers are brightly colored to attract hummingbirds.
Abundant nectar: Bignonia flowers secrete a lot of nectar to attract hummingbirds.
Leathery parts: Bignonia flowers have leathery parts that ensure pollen transfer when
hummingbirds feed on nectar.
Bifid stigmas: Bignonia flowers have bifid stigmas that close when touched by insects and
open again if they aren't pollinated.
11. EMASCULATION, TAGGING, BAGGING
PRINTED PICTURE WILL BE GIVEN
(Learn the following points)
The steps of controlled breeding experiments in plant emasculation, bagging, and tagging
are:
Emasculation
Remove the stamens from a flower bud before they open. This prevents self-pollination.
Bagging
Cover the emasculated flower with a bag to protect it from unwanted pollen.
Tagging
Label the flower with information about the parents and the dates of emasculation and
pollination.
Pollination
Apply pollen from a male plant with desired traits to the stigma of the emasculated flower.
Re-bagging
Cover the pollinated flower with a bag again.
Explanation
Emasculation and bagging are part of the artificial hybridization process, which is used to
develop new varieties of crops.
Benefits
Improved crop quality: Artificial hybridization can improve the quality of crops by
introducing desirable traits.
Increased fertilization: Artificial hybridization increases the chance of fertilization.
Know About Controlled Pollination Emasculation Tagging and Bagging
12. TENDRIL OF PASSION FLOWER AND THORNS OF POMEGRANATE HOMOLOGOUS/ ANALOGOUS
PRINTED PICTURE WILL BE GIVEN
You need not draw the diagrams, you have to write the following points
The tendrils of a passion flower and the thorns of a pomegranate are homologous organs,
meaning they have a similar origin but different structures and functions:
Origin: Both the tendrils and thorns arise from an axillary bud.
Structure and function: The tendrils of a passion flower plant help the plant to climb on a
support, while the thorns of a pomegranate plant protect the plant from grazing animals.
Evolution: Homologous organs indicate divergent evolution.
13. WINGS OF BUTTERFLY AND BIRDS HOMOLOGOUS/ ANALOGOUS
PRINTED PICTURE WILL BE GIVEN
You need not draw the diagrams, you have to write the following points
Analogous structures have similar functions but do not share a common evolutionary origin.
Bird wings and butterfly wings serve the same function, which is flight. However, their
structural composition and development are different. Bird wings are composed of bones
covered with feathers.
Chitin builds the wing scales that give butterflies their structural colors. The wings are made
of a thin, transparent chitinious material that's made up of long strands called fibrils.
In the case of bird wings and butterfly wings, they have evolved independently in different
lineages to fulfill the function of flight. Therefore, they are considered analogous structures.
Analogous organs indicate convergent evolution.
14. TENDRIL OF PEA AND VITIS HOMOLOGOUS/ ANALOGOUS
PRINTED PICTURE WILL BE GIVEN
You need not draw the diagrams, you have to write the following points
The tendrils of a pea plant and a grapevine are analogous, meaning they have different
origins but perform the same function:
The tendrils of a pea plant are modified leaves, while the tendrils of a grapevine are modified
terminal buds. Both types of tendrils perform the same function of climbing support.
Analogous organs indicate convergent evolution.
15. MEIOSIS SLIDES- ANY ONE STAGE
PERMANENT SLIDE WILL BE GIVEN
16. CUSCUTA(SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATION)- SPECIMEN IN THE GLASS JAR WILL BE GIVEN
you have to write the following points
Cuscuta is a parasitic plant that has a parasitic relationship with its host plant. This is an
example of ectoparasitism, where the parasite depends on the host for food.
Explanation
Cuscuta, also known as dodder, is a stem parasite that wraps around and attaches to host
plants.
Cuscuta is a parasite because it lives on the host plant and derives nutrients from it.
Cuscuta is unable to produce its own food and lacks chlorophyll.
Cuscuta has root-like structures called haustoria that it uses to absorb nutrients from the
host plant.
Cuscuta can grow on many different host plants and can be destructive to crops.
The connection between Cuscuta and its host allows the movement of water, nutrients,
proteins, mRNA, and viruses.
17. LICHEN (SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATION)- SPECIMEN IN THE GLASS JAR WILL BE GIVEN
you have to write the following points
A lichen is a symbiotic association between a fungus and algae or cyanobacteria. This
relationship is considered mutualistic because both the fungus and the algae benefit.
How it works
Algae
The algae, also known as the phycobiont, is photosynthetic and produces food for the lichen.
Fungus
The fungus, also known as the mycobiont, absorbs water and minerals from the environment
for the algae. The fungus also provides shelter for the algae.
Benefits
Algae: Fungus provides shalter to algae.
Fungus: The fungus receives carbon from the algae as a food source.
