ST.
PATRICK’S COLLEGE
PAKISTAN STUDIES
SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
MODEL PAPER 1
Q1- Explain Two Nation Theory.
The Two Nation Theory means that there are two distinct nations in South Asia namely the
Muslims and the Hindus. The Muslims of Sub-Continent considered themselves as one nation
having their own civilization, culture, historical heritage, philosophy of life, code of conduct
and politico-economic system. All these are based on the teaching of Islam. The concept of
separate national identity for Muslims is rooted in history. However, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
was the first Muslim political leader who used the word ‘’Nation’’ for the Muslims of South
Asia. When he realized that Hindus were trying to destroy the Muslim civilization and
culture, he exhorted the Muslims to stand on their own feet to safeguard their national and
cultural identity. The demand of Pakistan was based on the Two Nation Theory.
Q2- Define Ideology of Pakistan.
Pakistan emerged on the face of the globe as an uphold of Islamic Ideology and not on
territorial ground. The struggle for the establishment of a new Islamic state and for attainment
of independence was outcome of the sincere desire of the Muslims of the sub-continent to
shape a political and social environment in which Islam could be accepted as the ideal pattern
for individual’s life. Ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic ideology, which based on basic
principle
“The only sovereign is Almighty Allah”
They should have all resources to enhance Islamic culture and civilization. They should have
an opportunity to live according to the faith and to Islamic principles. There are five
principles of ideological foundation of Pakistan.
i- Islam ii-Two Nation theory iii- Territorial land iv- Democratic system v- Urdu language.
Q3-When and Why did the partition of Bengal took place and When it was annulled?
On 16 October1905, the Viceroy of India Lord Curzon did the partition of Bengal to solved
the administrative problems of this presidency. Because it had huge territory and vast number
population, so he divided Bengal into two parts East Bengal (with the majority of Muslim
population), West Bengal (with the majority of Hindu population).Calcutta remain the capital
as west Bengal and Dhaka became the capital East Bengal. The main objectives of this
partition were
1- To solved the problems purely for administrative measures.
2- To make more effective administration of Bengal.
3 - To improve the backward areas of eastern Bengal and Assam.
The Hindu Bengalis and congress were not in the favor of partition because they thought; this
partition gave the favor to the Muslims of Bengal. As a protest they started Swadeshi
Movement. As the result of Hindu agitation, the partition of Bengal was annulled by the royal
announcement by King George V on 12 December1911.
Q4- What were the demands of Simla deputation 1906?
On 1st Oct.1906, a Muslim deputation consisting of 35 representatives which was led by Sir
Agha Khan, met the Viceroy Lord Minto and Governor General John Morley at Simla and
presented some demands of Muslims. The demands of the deputation were:
i-Muslims must be given weightage in all elected bodies
ii –Separated electorate and weightage
iii- Representation in University senate and syndicates.
iv- To grant the establishment of Muslim University.
v- Employments for Muslims in Civil, Military and Judiciary Departments.
Q5- .When and Why did the Khilafat Movement started? Who were main the leaders of the
Movement?
After the First World War, the fate of Ottoman Turkish Empire (Khalifa) was sealed. The
Turkish Sultans had claimed to the Caliphs of the Muslim World .The general impression
among the Muslims was that the Western Powers were waging a war against Islam to rob it
of all its powers. Muslims of India took up courage and started “Khilafat Movement in 1919.
The objectives of Khilafat movement were as follows:
(i) To maintain the Turkish Caliphate.
(ii) To protect Holy places of Muslims in Turkey.
(iii)To maintain the unity of Ottoman Empire.
The leaders of Khilafat Movement were:
(i) Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar
(ii) Maulana Shaukat Ali
(iii) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(iv) Hasrat Mohani
(v) Dr.M. A Ansari
Q6- Write the aims and objectives of All India Muslim League.
All India Muslim League was founded on 30th December 1906, in the annual meeting of
Mohammadan educational conference at Dhaka.
The intimal aims and objectives of All India Muslim League are given in following:
1-To promote among the Muslims of India feeling of loyalty to the British government and to
remove any misconception that may arise as to the intentions of government with regard to
any of its measure.
2- To protect and advance the political rights and interest of Muslims of India and
respectfully to represent their needs and aspirations of government.
3- To prevent the rise among Muslims of India of any feelings of hostility towards other
communities without prejudice to other objects of the league.
Q7- What were the causes which led to the creation of All India Muslim League?
Following are the causes of the formation of All India Muslim League:
(i) Congress-A Hindu Organization:
Hume laid the foundation of Indian National Congress in 1885, But Congress by its policy
and propaganda proved itself a Hindu Organization.
(ii) Unhappy Events of partition of Bengal:
Hindu’s attitude towards Muslim interest and the partition of Bengal had exposed Hindu
feelings beyond any doubt.
(iii) Safeguard for Urdu:
Urdu-Hindi controversy was one of the causes of the creation of Muslim League.
(iv) Propaganda against Islam:
Some Hindu leaders had raised the slogan “India is for Hindus only”. They started
propaganda against Islam and Muslims.
Q8- Why British government had formed the Interim government in 1946?
The Interim Government of India formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected
constituent assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of British India to
independence. It remained in place until 15th August 1947, the date of the independence and
partition of India, and the creation of Pakistan.
Q9- What do you know about Aligarh Movement?
After the War of Independence 1857 the British did not trust the Muslims. As the result they
adopted a policy of oppression and repression towards the Muslims. They sufferings of
Muslims multiplied when they refused to adopt the system of education introduced by the
British. The result was that the Muslims could not acquire modern education and were kept
away from reasonable Government jobs. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was first Muslim leader who
diagnosed the causes of gradual decline of the status of Muslim community. He decided to
take necessary steps and started a great movement called ‘Aligarh Movement’.
The objectives of Aligarh Movement were:
To create an atmosphere of mutual understanding between British Government
and the Muslims.
To persuade Muslims to learn English education.
To persuade Muslims to abstain from politics of agitation.
To produce an intellectual class from amongst the Muslim Community.
Q10-What was the significant achievement of Lucknow pact 1916?
Due to the efforts of Quaid-e-Azam a political agreement was made between the Muslim
League and the Congress at Lucknow. This agreement known as Lucknow Pact through this
pact, first time Congress recognized the separate status of Muslims and also accepted the
demand of separate electorate for the Muslims. The Lucknow pact proved to be the only
beacon light on the political horizon of India .If this sense of cooperation could have been
carried on, a better atmosphere. But Hindus did not honestly stick to these principles.
Q11-Write any five points from Jinnah’s fourteen points.
In the response of Nehru report 1928 which fell short of Muslims demands, Jinnah presented
his famous fourteen points in 1929. Five points are given in the following
1-Federal constitution: The form of the future constitution should be Federal, with the
residuary powers vested in the provinces.
2-Provinical Autonomy: A uniform autonomy shall be granted to all provinces.
3-Separation of Sindh: Sindh should be separated to Bombay presidency.
4-Reforms in NWFP and Balochistan: Reforms should be introduced in NWFP and
Balochistan.
5-Representation in Central Legislative: In the Central Legislative, Muslim representation
shall not be less than one third.
Fourteen points of Quaid-e-Azam became the milestones for the struggle of Pakistan.
Q12- Write the importance of Allahabad Address 1930.
Allama Iqbal was the first important public figure who propounded the idea of a separate
state from the platform of Muslim League. In His presidential address to the League’s annual
session at Allahabad on 30th December1930, he discussed the problems of the Muslims of
India. He said that the principles of European democracy could not be applied to India. The
Muslims of India were the only Indian people who could be described as a Nation. He said,
“I would like to see the Punjab, NWFP, Sindh and Baluchistan amalgamated into a
single state. Self-government within Or without the British Empire, the formation of a
consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appear to me to be the final destiny of the
Muslim at least of North-West India”
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan bears testimony to his political insight and statesmanship in
so far as he had demanded the creation of a separate Muslim state based on the Two Nation
Theory.
Q13- Write the main points of Indian Independence Act 1947.
According to Independence Act 1947, India was divided into two independent countries on
15 August 1947. The main points of the act were given the following:
1) British Crown will have no right to reject any framed by India and Pakistan for their own
countries. This right will be used only by the respective Governor Generals.
2) India and Pakistan will be fully empowered to frame their constitution independently.
3) So long as both the countries do not complete their own constitutions, the government will
run in accordance with the existing Government of India Act 1935.
4) All the Pacts accepted between the British Government and Royal State will become null
and void.
5) The legislative supremacy of the two Dominions.
Q14- Write the importance of Pakistan Resolution 1940.
On 23March1940, 27th annual session of Muslim League was held at Minto Park (present
Iqbal park) Lahore, under the president ship of Quaid-e –Azam. The resolution moved by the
Chief Minister of Bengal Molvi Fazal –ul- Haq on 23th March and it was seconded by
Choudary Khaliq uz zaman from UP and further supported by other prominent leaders. It was
from then onwards the Muslim League’s policy was clear that it did not want a United India
because through a parliamentary system of government Hindu majority would nullify
(cancel) Muslims interests. There were no alternative; the Muslims of India would not be
satisfied by anything else. This way lay clear and open to Pakistan.
Q15 Write the main points of Pakistan resolution.
Pakistan resolution was presented by Maulvi Fazl ul Haque on 23th March 1940 at Lahore
(Minto Park). Pakistan resolution was turning point in the history of Pakistan. It provides a
way to the Muslims, leading to the destination of a complete independence. The main points
are given as follows:
1) Federal Scheme unaccepted: Federal Scheme which was introduced in the sub-
continent is completely unsuitable due to the peculiar situation of the country and it is
also unacceptable for the Muslim India.
2) Independent States: Geographically contiguous units are demarcated into regions
which should be so constituted , with such territorial adjustment as may necessary,
that the areas in which Muslims are numerically in majority as in the North-Western
and Eastern zones of India , should be grouped to constitute independent states in
which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign.
3) Sovereignty: Allah, the Almighty is the sovereign of all powers in the Universe. The
people of Pakistan will utilize the power in the prescribed limits of Allah considering
it a trust to them.
4) Rights of the Minorities: The religious, cultural. Economics, political, administrative
and other fundamental rights of the minorities shall be safeguarded.
5) Principles: the principles of freedom. Social justice, democracy and equality shall be
followed.
Q16. Write two sentences on the given Years event.
1) 1940: Pakistan Resolution is celebrated on the 23rd March 1940.
It is the turning point in the struggle of Independence.
2) 1857:
War of Independence took place in this year
It was fought between the British and the Indians which started from Meerut.
3) 1867 4)1916 5)1929 6)1949 7)1947
Q17: Discuss the importance of Objective resolution 1949.
Objective Resolution was presented on 12th March 1949 in the first constituent assembly.
This resolution is of fundamental importance in the history of constitutions making of
Pakistan because from the first constitution of 1956 till the constitution of 1973(present
constitution) whatever constitution was framed it was based on this Objective Resolution.
It proclaimed that the future constitution of Pakistan would not be modeled on European
pattern, but on the Ideology and democratic faith of Islam. At the time it was passed, Mr.
Liaquat Ali Khan called it “the most important occasion in the life of this country, next in
importance only to the achievement of independence.”
Q18. Give any five Islamic provisions of 1973 constitution of Pakistan.
On 7th April, 1972 the national assembly of Pakistan appointed a committee to prepare a
draft of the permanent constitution of Pakistan. The Assembly passed the bill on 10th April,
1973 and at last the constitution came into force on 14th August 1973.
The following are the Islamic provisions of 1973 constitution based on the principles of Holy
Quran and Sunnah
1. Official Name: Pakistan shall be known as "Islamic Republic of Pakistan."
2. State Religion: Islam shall be the state religion of Pakistan.
3. Sovereignty Belongs to Allah: Sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Almighty
Allah and the authority bestowed by him on men is a sacred trust which the people of
Pakistan will exercise with the limits prescribed by Quran and Sunnah.
4. Definition of a Muslim: The constitution also gives the definition of a Muslim. A person
who believes in Tauheed or Oneness of Allah and in the absolute and unqualified finality of
the prophet hood of Hazrat Mohammad (P.B.U.H) as the last prophet of Allah has described
as a Muslim
5. A Muslim to be a President and Prime Minister: The constitution laid down that only
Muslims shall be elected President and Prime Minister of Pakistan. Non non-Muslim could
hold these offices.
Ques19. Name the historical places of Pakistan.
The famous historical places of Pakistan are as follows:
1. Lahore Fort ( Shahi Qila)
2. Badshahi Mosque
3. Jahangir’s Tomb
4. Shalimar Garden
5. Masjid Wazir Khan ( Lahore)
6. Masjid Mahabat Khan ( Peshawar)
7. Jamia Masjid ( Thatta)
8. Moen-jo-Daro
Ques20. Names the Sufis and Saints of the sub-continent.
The famous Sufis and saints of the sub-continent are as follows:
1. Data Ganj Bakhsh
2. Baba Bhul-e-Shah
3. Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai
4. Sachal Sarmast
5. Lal Shahbaz Qalandar
6. Shah Waliullah
7. Shiekh Ahmed Sirhandi
8. Khawaja Moin-ud-Din Chisty
