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Lecture Presentation - Encoders-1

An encoder is a sensor that converts motion into electronic signals, enabling control and feedback loops for accurate position and speed maintenance. There are two main types of encoders: incremental, which provides pulses for motion detection, and absolute, which retains position information even when powered off. Encoders are widely used in applications such as measuring material transport and controlling machinery with precise motion requirements.

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Sohaib Akbar
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31 views15 pages

Lecture Presentation - Encoders-1

An encoder is a sensor that converts motion into electronic signals, enabling control and feedback loops for accurate position and speed maintenance. There are two main types of encoders: incremental, which provides pulses for motion detection, and absolute, which retains position information even when powered off. Encoders are widely used in applications such as measuring material transport and controlling machinery with precise motion requirements.

Uploaded by

Sohaib Akbar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

What is an Encoder?

• Encoder is a sensor which converts the motion


(rotary or linear) into electronic pulses,
voltage or current
Why do we need Encoders?
Encoders and sensors allow control and feedback loops to be established

Without the knowledge of position and/or speed it is impossible to maintain


accuracy and control

Information provided by encoders and sensors is limited by various things


including data transmission frequency and also by the physical limits of the
system being controlled

Diagram shows a type


Servo Motor Control System
With an Encoder
Types of Encoders

Incremental Absolute
Encoders Encoders

Rotary (Quadrature) Rotary (Eg. Potentiometer)


Linear Linear (Rheostat, LVDT)
Incremental Encoder (Rotary)
Incremental encoder gives out pulses when certain rotation
or linear motion is applied to its shaft. Incremental
encoders are available for both linear and rotator motion

Pulses from LEDS are counted to provide rotary position


Two detectors are used to determine direction (quadrature)
Index pulse used to denote start point otherwise pulses are
not unique.
Construction
Working principle
Application of Incremental Encoder

Incremental Encoders are also used for to detect linear motion too.
Absolute Encoders
Absolute encoders have a unique code that can be detected for each
angular position or linear position

Absolute encoders are much more complex and expensive than


incremental encoders

Absolute Encoder has ability to retain the actual position even after the
power is off.
Gray Scale
Gray Scale
Absolute Encoder (Rotary)
Applications

While a lead screw or rack-and-pinion converts rotary motion to linear


motion, an encoder converts the same motion into electronic pulses.
The pulses typically are used as input signals for counters, PLCs, or
numerical-control equipment
Applications

Roll or sheet materials need to be measured during transport through


converting or cut-to-length machinery. An encoder, when combined with a
measuring wheel or coupled to a roller, will produce electronic pulses equal
to units of length. Since fractional units may be measured, very precise
operation is possible
Leadscrew Application of Encoder

Pitch
Resolution of Encoder
Ball Screw Example
Calculate how much rotational
motion (in degrees) would move
the table

Encoder Resolution (PPR) = 500


Lead Screw Pitch (LSP) = 10 mm

A. If the encoder counts 25 pulses,


How much distance would the table travel?

Distance Traveled = LSP x Pulse Count


PPR

B. If the Motor rotates 45 degree, how much


distance would the table travel?

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