Directorate of Education GNCT of Delhi
Subject: Science Worksheet: 68 Date: 16-12-2020
Class: X Name of Student…………………Name of Class Teacher…...……………..
How do Organisms Reproduce ?
Reproduction in Human Beings :
• In human beings during adolescence many morphological and physiological changes occur in the body of both male and
female.
• The body of male and female develop secondary sexual characters which are brought about by hormones secreted by
endocrine glands . As the rate of general body growth begins to slow down, reproductive tissues begin to mature. This
period during adolescence is called puberty.
• The male and female gamete production begins in respective reproductive organs (testes and ovary) during puberty. During
reproductive age of male which last his lifetime sperms or male gametes are produced, however in females the onset of
menstrual cycle or menarche signals production of female gametes ova. Production of ova stops in female when she reaches
the age of 45 to 50 years .At this stage the menstrual cycle stops and is referred to as menopause.
Male Reproductive System: Female Reproductive System:
Ø The male reproductive Ø The female germ cells or
system consists of portions eggs are made in the
which produce the germ ovaries .
cells and other portions Ø Ovaries are also
that deliver the germ cells responsible for the
to the site of fertilization. production of some
Ø The formation of germ hormones like Oestrogen
cells or sperms takes place and progesterone.
in the testes. These are Ø When a girl is born, the
located outside the ovaries already contain
abdominal cavity in thousands of immature
scrotum because sperm eggs.
formation requires a lower temperature than the Ø On reaching puberty
normal body temperature. some of these starts
Ø The role of the testes is to secrete a hormone called maturing. One egg is
testosterone . In addition to regulating the formation of produced every month by
sperms testosterone brings about changes in appearance one of the ovaries.
seen in boys at this time of puberty. Ø The egg is carried from the ovary to the womb through a thin
Ø The sperms formed are delivered through the Vas defrens Oviduct or fallopian tubes.
which unites with the tube coming from the urinary Ø The two oviducts unite into an elastic bag like structure
bladder. known as the Uterus.
Ø The urethra thus forms a common passage for both the Ø The uterus opens into the vagina through the cervix.
sperms and urine. Along the path of the vas defrens glands Ø The sperms enter through the vaginal passage and travel
like the prostate and the seminal vesicles add their upward and reach the oviduct where they may encounter the
secretions so that the sperms are now in a fluid which egg.
makes their transport easier and this fluid also provides Ø The fertilized egg or zygote gets implanted in the lining off
nutrition. the uterus , and starts dividing.
Ø The sperms are tiny bodies that consists of mainly genetic Ø The mother's body is designed to undertake the development
material and a long tail that helps them to move towards of the child. Hence the uterus prepares itself. The lining of
the female germ cell. the uterus thickens and is richly supplied with blood to
nourish the growing embryo. The embryo gets nutrition
Think and Answer : from the mother's blood with the help of placenta(a disc
[Link] the functions performed by - which is embedded in the uterine wall) It contains villi on
a. Testes b. Vas deferens c. Ovary d. Oviduct the embryo’s side of the tissue.
e. Uterus f. Placenta Ø On the mother's side are blood spaces surrounding the villi
2. Why are testes locatedoutside the abdominal cavity? providing a large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass
[Link] changes are observed in the uterus subsequent to from the mother to the embryo and the waste substances
implantation of young embryo? generated by developing embryo is removed by transferring
4. Name the part in female reproductive system where them into the mothers blood through the placenta.
fertilisation takes place.
COVID appropriate behaviour (CAB) message:
Keep maintaining physical distance of 6 feet or 2 yards.
