BSME-3
group 7
OXY-ACETYLENE CUTTING TORCH
& WELDING EQUIPMENT
BRAZING & ITS TYPES
OXY-ACETYLENE
CUTTING TORCH
• The temperature of metal is heated to
kindling point by a torch before a surge of
oxygen is trained to the metal which burns
it into a metal oxide before flowing out as
solid impurities.
OXY-ACETYLENE
CUTTING TORCH
• An acetylene torch has one/two hoses
that connect to two separate tanks of
oxygen and acetylene. The two gases are
used together to heat the metal.
HOW IT WORKS?
OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING
EQUIPMENTS
• REGULATORS
The flow of gas needs to be
controlled. Regulators take high
pressure and reduce it to a lower
working pressure.
• GAS CYLINDERS
Steel pressurized cylinders
contain oxygen and the fuel gas.
• GAS HOSES
A nonporous hose is used to move the
oxygen and fuel gas to the torch. To
prevent the wrong hose from being
installed or set up incorrectly, the
oxygen hose is usually green and the
fuel gas hose is usually red.
• HOSE FITTINGS
Oxygen hoses have right-hand threaded
fittings. Fuel-gas hoses have left-hand
threaded fittings. Hose connections
shouldn’t leak after they’re tightened.
Regulator-mounted and torch-mounted
flash arrestors should be used on oxygen
hoses and fuel hoses.
• SAFETY VALVES
Safety valves keep the flow of gas going
in one direction, preventing gas from
flowing back into the wrong line or
cylinder. They also reduce the
possibility of a flashback.
• WELDING TORCH
Torches may vary in design, but all are
made to provide complete control of the
flame
• TIPS
Because there’s not an industrial
standard system for identifying tip
sizes, welders need to master various
tip sizes. Tip sizes are comparable to
numbered drill sizes. There are some
torch sets where each tip has its own
mixing chamber.
• STRIKER
A tool used to ignite the oxy-acetylene
flame by creating a spark.
• WELDING GOGGLES OR
FACE SHIELD
Safety equipment that protects the
welder's eyes and face from the
intense light and heat generated
during welding.
• WELDING GLOVES AND
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Proper personal protective equipment
(PPE) is essential to protect the
welder from heat, sparks, and molten
metal.
• WELDING RODS OR
FILLER METAL
A metal rod or wire used to fill the joint
between the workpieces, creating a
strong, fused connection. The choice
of filler metal depends on the type of
metal being welded.
safety procedures
for a welder
Using an oxy-acetylene torch can be dangerous, so it's crucial to
follow safety procedures:
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Wear safety goggles, a welding helmet, flame-resistant clothing, gloves,
and closed-toe shoes to protect yourself.
2. Ventilation
Work in a well-ventilated area or use an exhaust system to remove
fumes and gases.
3. Gas Cylinder Handling
Secure cylinders upright and use a proper cylinder cart. Never drop or
roll cylinders.
4. Gas Inspection
Check hoses, regulators, and torches for damage or leaks regularly.
Soapy water can help detect leaks.
5. Fire Extinguisher
Have a suitable fire extinguisher nearby and know how to use it.
6.Distance
Maintain a safe distance from flammable materials, and keep them
away from the work area.
7. Ignition
Use a striker or spark igniter to light the torch. Never use matches or
lighters.
8. Shut-off
When done, close the acetylene valve first, followed by the oxygen valve
at the torch to prevent a flashback.
9. Proper Storage
Store gas cylinders in a well-ventilated area away from flammables and
with valve caps in place.
10. Training
Ensure you're properly trained before using the equipment, and follow
your workplace's safety procedures.
BRAZING
Brazing is one of the processes for
combining two or more pieces of
material together with a filler metal.
Suitable to apply on a wide range of
material types such as steel, copper,
aluminum, silver, nickel, and gold.
BRAZING
The key advantage of brazing is it can join dissimilar base
materials without melting or distorting the physical
properties of the base materials. The filler metal is
normally alloyed with other elements to obtain desired
performance and properties.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
BRAZING
1. TORCH BRAZING
The torch uses fuel gas to create the
heat, it produces a bluish-to-white flame
with a bluish-to-orange tip. The fuel gas
can be propane, hydrogen, or acetylene
and combined with the air or oxygen to
create the flame. Torch brazing can be
done manually, automatically, or with the
use of machines.
2. INDUCTION BRAZING
Clear, precise, fast with a tight tolerance
that is suitable for localized or selective
heating. It uses electric coils to heat the
part accurately and primarily used for
copper and silver-based alloys.
3. FURNACE BRAZING
a semi-automatic process that is widely
used for mass production and unskilled
workers due to its flexibility and ease of
use. This process has a controlled heat
cycle to control the stage of the heating
and cooling cycle accurately. It can produce
a large number of small parts which are
self-localized and self-detecting easily.
4. VACUUM BRAZING
A specialized welding method was conducted
in a vacuum chamber vessel. This process
excels in cleanliness, as it is free of flux and
yields high structural integrity and strength.
Additionally, it can enhance the mechanical
and thermal properties of the workpieces.
Nevertheless, vacuum brazing can be
expensive due to its intricate nature.
5. SILVER BRAZING
Is using silver alloy-based filler for
the brazing process. It is known as
hard soldering and used in the hard
metal tool industry for fastening hard
metal tips to tools.
6. DIP BRAZING
Particularly used for brazing aluminum
as the air is excluded from the process
to prevent the formation of oxides. The
parts that joined are fixtures and the
brazing compound is in slurry form
when applying to the surface.
safety procedures
for a welder
Certainly, here are 10 safety steps to follow when brazing:
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Wear safety goggles, a welding helmet, flame-resistant clothing, gloves,
and closed-toe shoes to protect yourself.
2. Ventilation
Work in a well-ventilated area or use an exhaust system to remove
fumes and gases.
3. Gas Cylinder Handling
Handle gas cylinders with care, store them in an upright position, and
secure them properly. Use the correct regulators and hoses.
4. Clean Workspace
Ensure your work area is clean and free of clutter. Keep flammable
materials away from the brazing area.
5. Check for Leak
Regularly inspect hoses and connections for gas leaks by applying a
soapy water solution. Bubbles indicate leaks that need to be addressed.
6. Flux Handling
Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for using flux, as some fluxes can
release toxic fumes when heated. Use it in a well-ventilated area.
7. Brazing Alloy
Use the correct brazing alloy for your specific application and follow
safety guidelines for handling and storing it.
8. Ignition
Use a spark igniter or striker to light the torch. Never use matches or
lighters, as they can be unsafe.
9. Pilot Flame
Keep a pilot flame lit when brazing, and immediately shut off the gas if
the flame goes out.
10. Cooling and Clean-up
Allow the workpiece to cool down before handling it. Once the brazing is
complete, clean the area and equipment, and properly store your tools
and materials.
