CONCRETE = cement + water + aggregates
Composite material made from
mixture of cement, water, and
aggregates such as sand, gravel,
or crushed stone), and often
additives or admixtures to
enhance its properties.
reference: Fajardo M Jr, Simplified Construction Estimate
CEMENT
• Cement is an adhesive that is
used to bind sand and aggregates
to make concrete
• Portland Cement is the most
widely used type of cement. It
can be used in all constructions
where special properties are not
required.
reference: https://www.howtocivil.com
WATER
• The quantity of water in the
concrete mix strongly influences
the strength of the resulting
concrete.
• Too much water can result in
weaker, more porous concrete
with decreased durability, while
too little water can result in a mix
that is difficult to work with and
may not properly bond or cure.
• In many textbooks, the quality of
water for mixing concrete is
simply mentioned as it should be
fit for drinking.
reference: civilengineeringlectures.com
Water required for concrete will be,
Water/ cement = 0.50
how to calculate a Water / 50 kg = 0.50
water-cement ratio? Water = 0.50 x 50
• For example, if the water-cement Water = 25 liters = 6.60 gallon
ratio is 0.50 for concrete and Similarly for W/C = 0.40
cement is added is about 50 kg
(weight of 1 bag of cement). Water = 0.40 x 50
Water = 20 liters = 5.28 gallon
• As you see that there is water reduced as we
decrease the water-cement ratio. It is a fact
that water reduced in concrete increases its
strength.
reference: https://civiconcepts.com
AGGREGATES
• Coarse Aggregates – crushed
stones, crushed or natural gravels
with particles retained on a 5 mm
sieve.
• Fine Aggregates – crushed stones,
crushed gravel or natural sand with
particles passing on a 5 mm sieve.
• Good practice demand that the
maximum size of coarse aggregates
(gravel) should not exceed 25% of
the minimum thickness of the
member structure nor exceed the
clear distance between the RSB
and forms
reference: Fajardo M Jr, Simplified Construction Estimate
CONCRETE PROPORTION
• By weight
• By volume
The most common and convenient
way in proportioning concrete
mixture is by volume method using
the empty plastic bag of cement, or
by a measuring box.
reference: Fajardo M Jr, Simplified Construction Estimate
CONCRETE PROPORTION
Cement in Bag Sand Gravel
Mixture
Proportion
Class
40 kg 50 kg cu.m. cu.m.
AA 1:1½ :3 12.0 9.5 0.50 1.0
A 1:2:4 9.0 7.0 0.50 1.0
B 1:2½:5 7.5 6.0 0.50 1.0
C 1:3:6 6.0 5.0 0.50 1.0
reference: Fajardo M Jr, Simplified Construction Estimate
EXAMPLE:
Step 1: determine the volume of the proposed concrete pavement.
A proposed concrete pavement has a Volume = thickness x width x length
Volume = 0.10 m x 3.0 m x 5.0 m
general dimension of 10 cm thick, 3.0 Volume = 1.5 cu.m.
Step 2: refer to the table using both 40 kg and 50 kg cement per bag
meters wide and 5.0 meters long. under class “C” mixture
Determine the quantity of cement in Cement: 1.5 cu.m./bag x 6.0 bags = 9.0 bags (40 kg bag)
1.5 cu.m./bag x 5.0 bags = 7.5 bags (50 kg bag)
bags, sand and gravel in cubic meters Sand: 1.5 cu.m. x 0.50 = 0.75 cu.m.
Gravel: 1.5 cu.m. x 1.0 = 1.5 cu.m.
required using class “C” mixture. Therefore:
For a proposed 0.10 m x 3.0 m x 5.0 m concrete pavement use:
9.0 bags (40 kg)
CEMENT
7.5 bags (50 kg)
SAND 0.75 cu.m.
GRAVEL 1.5 cu.m.
reference: Fajardo M Jr, Simplified Construction Estimate
EXAMPLE:
Step 1: determine the total volume of 8 columns (20” = 0.50 m)
A concrete column is 7.0 meters high Volume = thickness x width x length x no. of columns
Volume = 0.50 m x 0.50 m x 7.0 m x 8 pcs
and has a cross sectional dimension of Volume = 14 cu.m.
20” by 20”. Determine the quantity of Step 2: refer to the table using both 40 kg and 50 kg cement per bag
under class “C” mixture
cement, sand, and gravel in a 8 Cement: 14 cu.m./bag x 9.0 bags = 126.0 bags
Sand: 14 cu.m. x 0.50 = 7.0 cu.m.
column row using class “A” mixture of Gravel: 14 cu.m. x 1.0 = 14 cu.m.
40 kg bag cement. Therefore:
For a proposed 8 - 0.5 x 0.5 x 7.0 m concrete posts use:
CEMENT 126.0 bags
SAND 7.0 cu.m.
GRAVEL 14.0 cu.m.
reference: Fajardo M Jr, Simplified Construction Estimate
GROUP ACTIVITY:
Using class “A” concrete mix, determine
the total quantity of cement, sand,
gravel to be used in all of the column
footings, concrete floor slabs, and
columns of the plan as shown.
reference: Tagayun V, Bill of Materials
GROUP ACTIVITY:
Using class “A” concrete mix, determine
the total quantity of cement, sand,
gravel to be used in all of the column
footings, concrete floor slabs, and
columns of the plan as shown.
reference: Tagayun V, Bill of Materials
GROUP ACTIVITY:
Using class “A” concrete mix, determine
the total quantity of cement, sand,
gravel to be used in all of the column
footings, concrete floor slabs, and
columns of the plan as shown.
reference: Tagayun V, Bill of Materials
