UNIT-3: SAFETY ACTIVITIES

2 Marks
1. What is toolbox Talk?

A toolbox talk is a short, informal safety meeting that is typically

held on the job site. Toolbox talks are often led by a supervisor or safety
officer and are intended to provide workers with important safety
information and reminders.

Toolbox talks typically cover a specific safety topic, such as the

effective use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), safe lifting
techniques, or hazard identification and control (HIRA)

2. List the benefits of Toolbox Talk

 Improved safety awareness and knowledge
 Enhanced communication and collaboration
 Increased engagement and participation
 Reduced costs and liabilities

3. Describe the purpose of Safety Committees

Safety committees serve as proactive entities, striving to create a

secure working environment for employees. Their primary functions
include identifying potential hazards, suggesting safety protocols, and
promoting a collective responsibility for well-being.

4. What is the Role of the Workplace Safety Committee?

These committees act as catalysts for change, actively engaging

employees in safety initiatives. They often organize safety drills,
disseminate safety information, and promote a safety-first mindset.
5. What are the types of safety committee?

 Collaborative Initiatives for Safety

 Industry-Specific Safety Committees
 Construction Safety Committees
 Manufacturing Safety Committees
 Healthcare Safety Committees

6. List some roles of safety officer

 Creating and Implementing Safety Policies

 Risk Assessment and Management
 Training and Education
 Inspections and Audits
 Accident Investigation
 Emergency Response Planning

7. What is safety incentive program?

A safety incentive program is a reward-based initiative used to

encourage employees to meet and exceed safety standards in the
workplace.

Safety incentive programs promote existing safety protocols and

highlight effective safety processes performed by employees. These
programs reward employees with both tangible and intangible prizes once
team members meet specified safety goals.

8. List the industry that may use safety incentives program

Industries that may use safety incentive programs include:

 Manufacturing
  Warehousing
 Hazardous material production and disposal
 Construction
 Petroleum refining and extraction
 Industrial services
 Scientific research and testing

9. What are the benefits of safety Incentives program?

Safety incentive programs can help reduce injuries and accidents in

the workplace. By recognizing employees who maintain and exceed
company protocols, an incentive program can positively reinforce safety
standards and policies.

Instituting a safety incentive program can also keep safety

measures relevant. A rewards initiative can help you refocus on important
measures that impact employees in their daily tasks.

10. What is Mock drill?

The mock drill is a simulated exercise or practice run that
imitates a real-time emergency, preparing the individuals & organization
to evaluate the potential weakness, improving the response time and
readiness to handle emergency crises during fires, hazardous chemical
release, medical emergencies and natural
11. What is difference between on-site emergency & off-site
emergency?
The On-site emergency plan deals with measures to prevent and
control emergencies within the factory and not affecting outside public or
Environment. The Off-site emergency plan deals with measures to
prevent and control emergencies affecting the public and the environment
outside the premises.
On-site plan: This will be the responsibility of the works
management to formulate it. The plan must therefore be specific to the
site.
Off-site plan: This will be the responsibility of the district
emergency authority to integrate plans. The plan must therefore be
specific to the area.
12. Write the objective of Emergency Action plan?
To localise the emergency, and if possible, to eliminate it.
To minimize the effects on people, property and environment.
Minimising the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation,
rehabilitation and prompt communication to people living nearby.
13. What is off-site emergency plan?
Is an integral part of any major hazard control system.
Based on those accidents, which could affect people and the environment
outside the works. Based on those events which are most likely to occur.
A good off-site emergency plan has the flexibility in its application
to emergencies other than those specifically included in the formation of
the plan.
14. What is a safety poster?
Safety posters are a great way to communicate a message and reach
many people without having to speak to each individual person daily.
15. What are the tips for displaying safety posters?
The location of your poster must be where the action is in a
relevant area. Hand washing posters should be near a sink and a PPE
poster at the entrance of where PPE is required to be worn. If the poster is
placed in the wrong location, the message won't reach the right people at
the right time.
16. What is HEART?
The Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART)
is a HRA method based on human performance literature; it has been
used in this assessment to quantify human error probabilities related to
chlorine truck loading and transport. HEART assesses the interactions
between humans, their specific tasks and performance shaping/human
factors or error producing conditions (EPCs).
16 Marks
1.what is toolbox talk and explain some topics under toolbox talk
Toolbox talk:

A toolbox talk is a short, informal safety meeting that is typically

held on the job site. Toolbox talks are often led by a supervisor or safety
officer, and are intended to provide workers with important safety
information and reminders.

Toolbox talks typically cover a specific safety topic, such as the

effective use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), safe lifting
techniques, or hazard identification and control (HIRA)

Few examples of topics for toolbox talks:

1. Personal protective equipment (PPE):

This toolbox talk can cover the importance of using appropriate

PPE on the job site, such as hard hats, gloves, earplugs, and safety glasses

To select the right PPE for different tasks.

To properly use and maintain PPE.

What to do if PPE is damaged or lost.

2. Safe lifting techniques:

This toolbox talk can cover the correct way to lift and carry heavy
objects, including the use of proper body mechanics and the importance
of asking for help when needed.

To identify and avoid common lifting hazards, such as uneven

surfaces, slippery floors, and sharp edges.

3. Hazard identification and control:

This toolbox talk can help workers to identify potential hazards on

the job site, and to take appropriate steps to control them.

 To assess the risks associated with different tasks.

 To implement effective controls to mitigate those risks.
 To report hazards to supervisors.

4. Working at heights:

This toolbox talk can cover the risks associated with working at
heights, such as falls, and the measures that workers can take to prevent
accidents.

The use of fall protection equipment, such as harnesses and

guardrails, and on the importance of inspecting and maintaining such
equipment.

Fire safety:

This toolbox talk can provide workers with important information

on how to prevent and respond to fires on the job site.
  The proper use and maintenance of fire extinguishers.
 The importance of having an evacuation plan.
 To report potential fire hazards to supervisors.

Electrical safety:

This toolbox talk covers the risks associated with working with
electricity, and the steps that workers can take to prevent accidents.

 The proper use and maintenance of electrical tools and

equipment.
 The importance of grounding and bonding.
 To identify and avoid electrical hazards.

List out the Benefits of Toolbox Talks:

There are several benefits to holding regular toolbox talks on the

job site:

A) Improved safety awareness and knowledge:

Toolbox talks provide workers with important safety information

and reminders, helping to ensure that they are aware of potential hazards
and know how to protect themselves and their colleagues.

Enhanced communication and collaboration:

Toolbox talks offer an opportunity for workers to share their safety

experiences and concerns, and to discuss safety issues with their
supervisors and colleagues.

This can foster a culture of open communication and collaboration

and can help to build trust and teamwork among workers.
B) Increased engagement and participation:

By involving workers in the safety process, toolbox talks can help

to increase their engagement and participation in safety efforts.

This can help to make safety a shared responsibility and can

encourage workers to take an active role in their own safety and the
safety of their colleagues.

C) Reduced costs and liabilities:

By promoting safety awareness and knowledge among workers,

toolbox talks can help to reduce the risk of safety incidents and liabilities,
which can ultimately save companies money and help them stay
competitive in the market.

2.Explain safety committee and its types

Definition:

Safety committees serve as proactive entities, striving to create a

secure working environment for employees.

Their primary functions include identifying potential hazards,

suggesting safety protocols, and promoting a collective responsibility for
well-being.

Types of safety committee:

1. Industry-Specific Safety Committees

Different industries have unique safety concerns, leading to the

formation of industry-specific safety committees.
2. Construction Safety Committees

In the construction sector, safety committees focus on addressing

risks associated with heavy machinery, working at heights, and adherence
to construction codes.

3. Manufacturing Safety Committees:

For manufacturing industries, safety committees prioritize

machinery safety, chemical exposure, and ergonomic concerns to ensure
a safe working environment.

4. Healthcare Safety Committees:

In healthcare, committees emphasize infection control, patient

safety, and proper handling of medical equipment to safeguard both
patients and staff.

5. IT Industry Safety Committees:

 Safety committees in the IT industry concentrate on ergonomic

concerns, data security, and measures to prevent eye strain and fatigue
associated with prolonged screen time.
 Safety committees play a crucial role in promoting and maintaining
a safe working environment. There are various types of safety
committees, each with its specific focus and purpose

Here are some common types:

A) Joint Health and Safety Committee (JHSC):

This committee typically consists of both workers and management

representatives. It focuses on identifying and addressing workplace health
and safety issues, conducting inspections, and making recommendations
for improvements.

B) Emergency Response Team (ERT):

This committee is responsible for planning and coordinating

responses to emergencies such as fires, chemical spills, or natural
disasters. Members are trained to handle emergency situations and
provide first aid if needed.

6. Environmental Safety Committee:

This committee focuses on addressing environmental concerns and

ensuring that the workplace complies with environmental regulations. It
may deal with issues such as waste disposal, pollution prevention, and
resource conservation.

7. Occupational Health and Wellness Committee:

This committee concentrates on promoting overall employee health

and well-being. It may address issues like stress management, ergonomic
assessments, and health promotion programs.

8. Behavior-Based Safety Committee:

This committee emphasizes promoting safe behaviors among

employees. It often involves observing and analyzing employee behaviors
to identify potential risks and implementing strategies to improve safety
culture.

9. Chemical Safety Committee:

 For workplaces dealing with hazardous chemicals, this committee
focuses on ensuring the safe handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals.
It may also be involved in providing training on chemical safety.

10. Construction Safety Committee:

Specifically designed for the construction industry, this committee

addresses safety issues unique to construction sites. It may focus on
scaffolding safety, fall protection, and other construction-related hazards.

11. Transportation Safety Committee:

This committee is concerned with safety issues related to the

transportation of goods or people. It may cover topics such as driver
safety, vehicle maintenance, and transportation regulations.

12. Machine Safety Committee:

Concentrating on the safety of machinery and equipment, this

committee works to identify and mitigate potential hazards associated
with the use of machines in the workplace.

3.Explain some roles of safety officer.

The Fundamental Role of a Safety Officer

A Safety Officer plays a pivotal role in promoting a safe and

healthy work environment for employees, visitors, and all stakeholders.
Their duties encompass various facets of safety management.

1. Creating and Implementing Safety Policies:

 One of the primary responsibilities of a Safety Officer is the
creation and implementation of safety policies and procedures. These
documents serve as guidelines for employees, outlining the best practices
for maintaining a secure workspace.

2. Risk Assessment and Management:

Safety Officers are tasked with conducting thorough risk

assessments within the organization. This involves identifying potential
hazards, assessing their impact, and developing strategies to mitigate
risks.

3. Training and Education:

To maintain a safe environment, Safety Officers organize safety

training programs for employees. These programs aim to educate
personnel about safety protocols, emergency procedures, and the proper
use of safety equipment.

4. Inspections and Audits:

Regular inspections and audits are essential to monitor the

compliance of safety policies. Safety Officers conduct these checks to
identify any deviations and ensure corrective actions are taken promptly.

5. Accident Investigation:

In the unfortunate event of an accident, Safety Officers play a vital

role in investigating the incident. Their objective is to determine the root
cause and prevent similar occurrences in the future.

6. Emergency Response Planning:

 Safety Officers are responsible for devising emergency response
plans. These plans outline the steps to be taken during crises such as fires,
natural disasters, or accidents, ensuring a swift and organized response.

7. Compliance with Regulatory Standards:

Safety Officers must stay up-to-date with relevant safety

regulations and ensure the organization’s compliance with them. Failure
to do so can lead to legal and financial repercussions.

8. Promoting Safety Culture:

Creating a culture of safety is a continuous effort. Safety Officers

lead by example, fostering a mindset where safety is a top priority for
everyone.

9. Environmental Safety:

In workplace safety, Safety Officers are often responsible for

environmental safety. This includes measures to protect the environment
from harm caused by the organization’s activities.

10. Health and Safety Communication:

Safety Officers ensure effective communication of safety

information to all stakeholders. This includes maintaining safety signs,
labels, and providing regular safety updates.

11. Reporting and Documentation:

Accurate record-keeping is a crucial aspect of safety management.

Safety Officers maintain detailed records of incidents, safety training, and
policy changes.
4. Explain about Emergency action plan and its Types.
Emergency:
The potential to cause serious injury or loss of life or environment
disruption. It may cause extensive damage to property and serious
disruption, both inside and outside the works. It would require the
assistance of emergency services to handle it effectively. Normal patterns
of life are disrupted. This will result in fire, explosion or toxic release.
TYPES OF EMERGENCY PLANS:
On-site plan:
This will be the responsibility of the works management to
formulate it. Plan must therefore be specific to the site.
Off-site plan:
This will the responsibility of district emergency authority to
integrate plans. Plan must therefore be specific to the area.
OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY PLANS:
 To localise the emergency, and if possible, to eliminate it.
 To minimize the effects on people, property and environment.
 Minimising the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation,
rehabilitation and prompt communication to people living nearby.
ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN:
1. Assessment of the size and nature of the events foreseen and the
probability of their occurrence.
2. Formulation of the plan and liaison with outside authorities,
including the emergency services.
3. Procedures: Raising the alarm and Communications both within
and outside the works.
4. Appointment of key personnel and their duties and
responsibilities: Works incident controller and works main controller.
5. Emergency control centre.
 6. Action on site.
7. Action off site.
OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN:
Is an integral part of any major hazard control system.
Based on those accidents, which could affect people and the
environment outside the works.
Based on those events which are most likely to occur.
A good off-site emergency plan has the flexibility in its
application to emergencies other than those specifically included in the
formation of the plan.
Main elements of On-site Emergency plans:
 Leadership and Administration.
 Role and Responsibilities of Key Personnel.
 Emergency action.
 Light and Power.
 Source of energy control.
 Protective and rescue equipment.
 Communication.
 Medical care.
 Mutual Aid.
 Public relation.
 Protection of vital records.
 Training.
 Periodical revision of plan.
The Key Personnel for onsite emergency:
Works Main Controller:
 Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide whether the
evacuation of staff from the plant is needed.
  Exercise and direct operation
 al control over areas other than those affected.
 Maintain a continuous review of possible development and assess
in consultation with work incident controller and other Key Personnel.
 Liaison with Police, Fire Service, Medical Services, Factory
Inspectorate and other Govt. Agencies.
Work Incident Controller:
 He will rush to the place of occurrence and take overall charge and
report to the Works Main Controller.
 He will assess the situation and considering the magnitude of
emergency he will take decision and inform Communication Officer
to communicate the news of emergency to different agencies.
Other Key Personnel and their duties:
a. Communication Officer:
On hearing the emergency siren/alarm he will proceed to the
control centre and communicate to Work Incident Controller. He will
collect information from the emergency affected area and send correct
message to work main controller for declaration of emergency.
b. Security and Fire Officer:
The Security or Fire officer will be responsible for the fire fighting.
On hearing the emergency alarm/siren, he will reach the incident area
with fire and security staff.
c.Telephone Operator:
In case of fire is discovered but no emergency siren is operated,
he shall ensure the information about the location of the fire/emergency
incident from the persons discovered/notices the above and communicate
to different Key Personnel immediately with clear message.
d. Medical Officer:
 Medical Officer with his team will report to the Works Incident
Controller on hearing the fire/emergency siren immediately.
e. personnel/Administrative Officer:
 Manning of assembly points to record the arrival of
evacuated people.
 He should work as a liaison officer liaising with works main
controller and other essential departments such as Police, Press and
Statutory authorities.
The key Personnel for off-site emergency:
 Works Main Controller: This individual oversees the overall
emergency response efforts. They coordinate with other key personnel
and ensure effective communication and decision-making during
emergencies.
 Works Incident Controller: Responsible for managing the incident
on-site. They assess the situation, make critical decisions, and
coordinate resources. Their role is pivotal in minimizing the impact of
the emergency.
Other Key Personnel for off-site emergency:
 Communication Officer: Handles communication within and
outside the works. They relay information, issue alerts, and maintain
contact with relevant authorities.
 Security and Fire Officer: Ensures safety protocols are followed,
manages evacuation procedures, and coordinates fire-fighting efforts.
 Telephone Operators: Facilitate communication channels during
emergencies.
 Medical Officer: Attends to medical needs, provides first aid, and
coordinates medical response.
  Personnel/Administrative Officer: Manages administrative tasks,
personnel records, and assists in organizing resources.
 Essential Work Team Leaders: These leaders oversee specific work
teams and ensure their safety and well-being.
5. Explain human error assessment in detail

1. Purpose:

 HEART evaluates the probability of human error during specific

tasks.
 It aims to improve safety by identifying and mitigating potential
errors.
2. Methodology:

 Error Producing Conditions (EPCs): Factors affecting

performance (e.g., distraction, fatigue).
 Quantification: Each EPC is independently quantified.
 Overall Human Error Probability (HEP): Combines EPC
probabilities.
 Suggestions: HEART indirectly suggests ergonomic improvements.
3. Application:
 Widely used in industries like healthcare, engineering, nuclear, and
transportation.
 Provides insights for risk analysis and safety cases.

Error Assessment and Reduction Technique:

Emergency Evacuation in a High-Rise Office Building

1.Task Description:

The task involves evacuating employees from a high-rise

office building during an emergency (e.g., fire, earthquake, or gas
leak).
Sub-tasks include activating alarms, guiding people to exits,
and ensuring safe evacuation.

2. HEART Analysis:

Identify Sub-Tasks:
 Alarm activation
  Communication with occupants
 Guiding people to exits
 Checking stairwell conditions
 Assisting disabled individuals
Assign Unreliability Scores:
Consult local experts to determine nominal human
unreliability scores for each sub-task.
For example, alarm activation might have a low unreliability
score (since it’s straightforward), while assisting disabled
individuals might have a higher score due to complexity.
Evaluate Error-Producing Conditions (EPCs):
Consider factors like stress, inadequate training, poor
visibility, and communication breakdowns.
Quantify the impact of each EPC on the overall likelihood of
human error.
Calculate Overall HEP:
Combine EPC probabilities to estimate the overall Human
Error Probability.
This informs safety protocols and training needs.

3. Improvement Recommendations:

 Address identified EPCs:

 Provide better training for evacuation procedures.
 Improve signage and visibility.
 Ensure effective communication channels.
 Regularly conduct mock evacuation drills.

Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART)

1. Understand HEART:

 Educate staff about HEART’s purpose and methodology.

 Explain that HEART evaluates the probability of human error
during specific tasks.
2.Identify Critical Tasks:

 Identify tasks where human reliability is crucial (e.g., emergency

procedures, critical operations).
 Focus on tasks with potential safety implications.

3.Task Analysis:
  Break down tasks into sub-tasks or steps.
 Consider factors affecting performance (e.g., distraction, fatigue,
stress).
4.Quantify Error Factors:
 Assign scores to Error Producing Conditions (EPCs) for each sub-
task.
 EPCs include conditions like tiredness, workload, and
communication issues.
5.Calculate Human Error Probability (HEP):
 Combine EPC probabilities to estimate overall likelihood of human
error.
 Communicate this as the HEP for risk analysis.

6.Mitigation Strategies:

 Use HEART results to identify areas for improvement.

 Implement ergonomic changes (e.g., better training, clearer
procedures).

7.Training and Awareness:

 Train staff on HEART concepts.

 Foster awareness of EPCs and their impact.