WATCH AND LISTEN

PREPARING TO WATCH
1 Complete the sentences below with a word or phrase from the box.
UNDERSTANDING
KEY VOCABULARY

1 Another phrase for ‘economic migration’ is the flow of

.
2 CNN, the BBC and Al Jazeera are examples of
.
3 Email and social-media sites are the most commonly used forms
of .
4 Italian-Americans and Korean-Americans are two of the largest
which live in New York.
5 Peru, Brazil and Colombia are all
countries.
6 Ready-made sauces and frozen soup are types of
.
7 Pots, saucepans and woks are all types of .
8 Curry, dumplings and pizza are all examples of
.
2 You are going to watch a video about food in New York. Before you
USING YOUR
watch, look at the photos and ask and answer the questions with
KNOWLEDGE TO
a partner.
PREDICT CONTENT
1 What do you know about New York?
2 What types of food is the USA famous for?
3 There are many different types of restaurant in New York. Why do you
think this is?
3 Watch the video. Were your predictions correct?

16 WATCH AND LISTEN READING AND WRITING SKILLS 4

 GLOBALIZATION UNIT 1

WHILE WATCHING
4 Watch again. Complete the notes below with one word in each gap.
UNDERSTANDING
DETAIL
New York: from melting pot to cooking pot
• International trade routes, migration, (1) and IT
communication expand across (2) borders.
• Different cultures interact more, with a flow of goods,
(3)
and ideas.
• Globalization is common all over the world but there are
certain cities where this is more (4) than others.
New York:
• The best example of a city where different (5) have
come together through globalization.
• A centre for (6) for hundreds of years.
(7)
• Home to many groups.
• Huge (8) of world food on sale.
• Took immigrant food and changed it to create a new
American (9) .

5 Work with a partner. Answer the questions below. Work out the meaning
WORKING OUT
from the context.
MEANING FROM
1 What does a flow of goods mean? CONTEXT
a more imported and exported products
b an increase of skilful immigrants
c an increase in migration
d more trade routes in New York
2 Ethnic communities in New York gave traditional foods a twist. What
does this mean?
a They changed the food beyond recognition.
b They maintained traditional methods.
c They ignored traditional foods.
d They created something new based on traditional food.
3 What does Afro-American food mean?
a food from Africa which is exported to the USA
b a combination of food from South America and Africa
c pre-prepared rice and chicken dishes in supermarkets
d food made by the descendents of African migrants
4 Why is New York called a melting pot?
a A huge variety of food is cooked there.
b There are over 19,000 restaurants.
c It is home to many ethnic groups.
d Because it has international trade routes.
READING AND WRITING SKILLS 4 WATCH AND LISTEN 17
 GLOBALIZATION UNIT 1

1 Read the topic sentences below. Work with a partner and discuss what
you think the rest of each paragraph will be about.
1 One country whose food has a long history of being ‘globalized’ is Italy.
2 Food has always been very important for Italian families.
3 Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed.
4 On the plus side, globalization has increased the range of food available
in Italy.
5 In summary, globalization has had a significant influence on the way
that Italians eat.
2 Skim read the essay and check your predictions.

What impact has globalization had on food and eating habits in Italy?
1 Globalization has significantly influenced food 4 These changes have both advantages and
consumption in most parts of the world, but one disadvantages. On the plus side, globalization has
country whose food has a long history of being increased the range of food available in Italy. Italians
‘globalized’ is Italy. If you walk down any main street now have much more choice in terms of what they
in any major world city, you will find at least one eat. They also do not need to spend so long preparing
Italian restaurant. Furthermore, Italy has seen changes and making food, unless of course they want to. In
in its own eating habits due to influence from other contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains
countries. This essay will examine some of these are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in
changes and the issues they raise. the destruction of local and national specialities.
Consequently, many Italians worry that they are
2 Food has always been very important for Italian losing their sense of nationality, as foreign food
families. Italians take a lot of pride in the making and
becomes more common.
preparation of food. Until recently, pasta – a basic
Italian food – would have been made by people in 5 In summary, globalization has had a significant
their local area. Families would also have made the influence on the way that Italians eat. Convenience
sauces to eat with the pasta at home. In addition, foods have replaced many of the traditional home-
people’s opportunity to experiment with foreign food cooked meals, and the availability of foreign foods
was very limited, since only pizza and pasta were has greatly increased. While this extra choice is
available in the local town square. welcomed by some, others fear the damage it may
cause to Italian traditions. Possibly the global
3 Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to popularity of Italian food will ensure that it survives.
have changed. People no longer spend so much time
preparing their meals. Indeed, frozen or takeaway
Italian meals have become very popular in Italy.
Furthermore, dried pasta is now mass-produced and
is sold relatively cheaply in the supermarkets. Ready-
made pasta sauces are also increasingly popular –
sales have doubled in the last five years, according to
one manufacturer. Another important change in Italian
eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign
cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese
foods. This trend is more common in urban areas such
as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller
towns are also experiencing similar changes.

READING AND WRITING SKILLS 4 READING 2 21

 WHILE READING
3 Read the essay again. Do topics (1–7) below refer to the past, the present
READING FOR
or both? Tick the correct column.
MAIN IDEAS
past present both
1 mass production of pasta ✔
2 domestic production of pasta
3 lack of foreign food in Italy
4 worldwide popularity of Italian food
5 popularity of ready-made pasta sauces
6 popularity of frozen food
7 availability of Asian foods

4 Complete the sentences below with your own words. Write between
four and eight words for each sentence.
1 Italian restaurants can be found .
2 In the past, Italians cooked .
3 In Italian shops, you can now buy .
4 Although recent changes mean Italians have more time and more choice,
some dislike the fact that local food .

READING BETWEEN THE LINES

5 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions below.
IDENTIFYING
PURPOSE AND 1 What types of reader do you think this essay is meant to appeal to?
AUDIENCE a people who have a general interest in food
b people who are experts in Italian food
c people who want to visit Italy on holiday
2 What do you think is the author’s main intention in writing this essay?
a to say that globalization has had a largely positive impact on Italian food
b to say that globalization has damaged Italian culture
c to say that globalization has fundamentally changed Italian food

DISCUSSION
6 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions below about your country.
1 What is the best-known national dish? Is it popular outside your country?
2 Is there a difference between the food that people eat in the
countryside (or villages) and the food people eat in big cities?
3 Should governments stop the growth of multinational restaurant
chains, to allow local, traditional restaurants to compete for customers?

22 READING 2 READING AND WRITING SKILLS 4

 GLOBALIZATION UNIT 1

EXPLANATION LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Academic alternatives to phrasal verbs

When writing essays, it is important to use language which is more formal than
you would use when speaking or in informal pieces of writing.
Phrasal verbs, which usually consist of a main verb followed by a particle
(e.g. up, on), are less common in academic writing than in informal writing.
In academic writing, phrasal verbs can often be replaced by a single word.
Using these alternatives will make your writing seem more formal and academic.

1 Match phrasal verbs (1–9) to academic verbs (a–i).

1 go on a increase
2 go up b continue
3 turn down c study
4 look into d confuse
5 use up e remove
6 mix up f separate
7 leave out g refuse
8 take away h exclude
9 move apart i exhaust
2 Replace the phrasal verbs in bold with the correct form of the academic
verbs (a–i) from Exercise 1.
1 The amount of migrant labour is expected to go up.
2 If multinational companies go on expanding, smaller local suppliers may
die out.
3 Academics have been looking into the implications of globalization for
many years.
4 Immigration can lead to people becoming mixed up about their sense
of nationality.
5 Although many people benefit from globalization, others can also be
left out.
6 Immigrants without suitable qualifications may have their visa requests
turned down.
7 When a country’s natural resources are used up, they may need to rely
on other countries to supply them.
8 The need for workers from poor countries to seek work in rich
countries can sometimes mean that families have to temporarily move
apart.
9 Some supporters of global economic freedom believe that all trade
barriers should be taken away.

READING AND WRITING SKILLS 4 LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 23

 GLOBALIZATION VOCABULARY
3 Complete the text about globalization with words from the box.

There are both advantages and disadvantages of globalization in terms of food.

On the negative side, (1) companies have been criticized for opening
too many fast-food (2) in developing countries. This is causing
(3)
in children, who are becoming addicted to a fatty westernized
diet. Many of these companies are able to effectively set whatever price they
like for the food because they have a (4) . Therefore, they price their
goods so they are cheaper than healthier local products and appeal to those
people living in (5) .
On the other hand, globalization means that people now have the possibility
of more variety in their (6) . The development of large-scale
(7)
and fisheries means some products are more affordable and
allow people to eat protein-rich foods on a regular basis for the first time.
Large amounts of this food can often be bought cheaply by big (8)
and then sold to customers at a reasonable price. Because of these changes,
(9)
of products such as meat has increased throughout the world.

CRITICAL THINKING
At the end of this unit, you will write the first draft of an essay. Look at this
unit’s writing task in the box below.

How have food and eating habits changed in your country? Suggest
some reasons for the changes.

Providing supporting examples

In academic writing, you need to justify and give supporting examples to any
statements or opinions that you write, to show that they are true.

24 CRITICAL THINKING READING AND WRITING SKILLS 4