Topic: Asking and Giving Permission

Possible answers
Excuse me, may I get in? Yes, you may.
Excuse me, may I come in? No, you may not.
Excuse me, may I go out?
Excuse me, may I leave?

Sorry, can you repeat please? Yes, I can/ No, can't

Please, can I borrow your ________*?
How can I say__________________ in English / in Portuguese

May I stand up, please? Yes, you may/ No, you may not.
May I sit down, please?
May I open (close) the door (the windows) please?

Please, can you move out? Yes, sure/ No, I can´t.

May I speak Portuguese? Yes, you may/ No, you may not.
May I go to the Toilet?
May I answer the phone?
May I write?
May I read?
May I clean the board?
May I make the reading?
May I spit?
May I pee?

* VOCABULARY
Eraser - Apagador Rubber - Borracha
Correction fluid - Corrector Dictionary - Divionário
Booklet - Fascículo Pen - Esferográfica
Pencil - Lápis Pencil sharpener - Afia lápis
Notebook - Caderno Whiteboard - quadro (branco)

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Greetings and Farewells

Informal Greetings Formal Greetings

Hello Good Morning
Hi Good Afternoon
Hey Good Evening

Questions that show interest on people´s well-being:

How are you? Possible Answers

How was your night? I am
How is your family? Very well (bad)
How was your weekend? My night was so, so
My family is ok

My weekend was Fantastic/ wonderful

Terrible/ great
Sick/ ill

Informal Farewells Formal farewells

Bye See you later
Bye-bye See you tomorrow
Goodbye See you soon
See you (Have a) Good night
Have a nice day
Have a good weekend

VOCABULARY
Terrible - Terrível Later - Mais Tarde
Mood - Disposição, Estado de Espirito Interet - Interesse
Fantastic - Fantástico Soon - Em breve, dentro em breve
Well-being - Bem-Estar Weekend - Fim de semana
To greet - saudar, Cumprimentar To bid farewell - despedir-se

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Introduction

What is your name? I live at __________________ street,

May name is ____________________ _______________________ neighborhood,
In ___________________________ city,
What is your full name? ________________________ province,
My full name is __________________ ________________________ Country.
_______________________________ I spent most of my life in________________
I grew up in__________________________
My first name is_________________
What is your surname? What is your marital status?
My surname is __________________ I am single/ dating*/ engaged/ married/
My middle name is ______________ I’m a widow/ widower. I’m going through a
My last name is_________________ divorce.
My nickname is_________________
*to date, to go out with someone, to
How can I call you? see, to go steady, I’m not ready for a
You can call me_________________ serious relationship.
Please call me __________________ To go together. Estes são os vários termos
usados Para falar sobre namoro.
How old are you?
1. I am ___years old. What do you do in your free times?
2. I’m over_______ (Hobbies)
3. I’m almost_____ In my free times I read/ sing/ cook/ listen to
Who do you live with? Music/ dance/ go out with friends/ watch TV
I live alone. I live with my family/ mother/ father/
sister/ brother/ relatives. What else can you tell me about yourself?
Where do you live? I am shy/ calm/ cool/ nice/ [Link]/ lazy

Example of an introduction
Hello my full name is Genésio de Lemos Salvador, and my nickname is Dikel Alaric. I live in Viana,
At Papa Simão Neighborhood. I live with my parents, brothers and sisters. They are Jeucal, Jalani, Telma,
Gracieth ,Noemia, Ruth, Cecilia and Andejoi, I am a student, and I am single.

WH-QUESTIONS
Who? Quem? (Pessoa)
Where? Onde? (Posiçãi, lugar)
When? Quando? (Tempo, Ocasião, Momento)
Why? Porquê? (Razão, Explicação)
What? O quê? (Coisa Específica, Objeto)
Which? Qual? (Escolha, Alternativa)
How? Como? (Modo, Maneira, Forma)

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The English Alphabet

Aa Bb Cc Ds Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm
/ er/ / bi:/ /si:/ /di:/ /i:/ /ԑf:/ /dʒi:/ /eItf/ /ar/ /diʒer/ /kei/ /ԑl/ /ԑm/

Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
/ԑn/ /oʊ/ /pi:/ /kju/ /a:/ /ԑs/ /ti:/ /ju/ /vi:/ /dʌbəlju/ /ԑks/ /wai/ /zԑd/

Capital letter - ABC small letter - abc

What are the vowels?

The vowels are __________________________________

What are the consonants?

The consonants are ___________________________________________________

Can you spell your name?

Yes, it is ________________________________________________

Punctuation Marks

. Full stop (Internancional) - Dash (sentences beginning)

. Period (American) ( ) parenthesis
, comma Brackets
? Question mark … Ellipsis
! Exclamation mark ´apostrophe
: Colon ““Quotation marks
; Semicolon / Virgule or slash
- Hyphen (between words) Brace or curly brackets

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Personal Pronouns
Subject Object
I (eu) Me (-me/ mim)
You (tu/ você) You (-te/ ti)
He (ele) Him (-lhe, -o)
She (ela) Her (- lhe, -a)
It (ele/ ela/ isto) It (-lhe, -o, -a)
We (nós) Us (-nos)
You (vós) You (-vos)
They (eles/ elas) Them (- lhes, -os, -as)

 We use the Subject Pronouns before the main verb.

Examples: She loves Bem – vinda flora. I go to school.
He likes football. We travel to Brazil.
It eats a lot. They buy a computer.
Nelson Buta is very funny she has to daughter

 We use the Object Pronouns after the main verb.

Examples: Rosa Caculo was talking with them. I like you a lot
The children play with us. Give it to Jalani after class
António Mufuma and Rita Gaeta like you. Speak to them, they are nice
Are you talking to us? Jeziela Ariel calls me every day

Note: in the case of YOU and IT, to know if it is a personal subject or object you
need to pay attention do its position in the sentence. (Except in the interrogative
form)

Examples:
You (subject) like potatoes. Rita cares about you (object).
It (subject) is my book. Denis has it (object).

Note: the subject I is always written in capital letter doesn´t matter its position in the
sentence.
Examples:
I watch a comedy movie. Morança Teixeira and Jandira Cardoso are my
friends.
VOCABULARY
Before - antes Kind - amável
After - depois Car - carro
To help - v. Ajudar Dog - cão
Here - aqui Very - muito(a)
To know - v. saber/ conhecer Wicked - mau
Yesterday - ontem Old - velho, antigo
Congratulations – parabéns Nice - bonito(a), simpatico(a)
To tell - v. dizer

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Verb to Be (Present Simple Tense)

Present Past Future Present Participle Past Participle

Am, is, Are Was, Were Will be Being Been

Be - is used with present participle to help other verbs create the continuous
tenses.

Positive form Negative form

I am (I’m) I am not (I’m not)
You are (You’re) you are not (You’re not/ you aren’t)
He is (He’s) He is not (He’s not/ He isn’t)
She is (She’s) She is not (She’s not/ She isn’t)
It is (It’s) It is not (It’s not/ It isn’t)
We are (We’re) We are not (We’re not/ we aren’t)
You are (You’re) You are not (You’re not/ you aren’t)
They are (They’re) They are not (They’re not/ they aren’t)

Interrogative form Interrogative Negative form

Am I? Am I not? (Aren’t I?)
Are you? Are you not? (Aren’t you?)
Is he? Is he not? (Isn’t he?)
Is she? Is she not? (Aren’t she?)
Is it? Is it not? (Aren’t it?)
Are we? Are we not? (Aren’t we?)
Are you? Are you not? (Aren’t you?)
Are they? Are they not? (Aren’t they?)

Examples
I am a handsome man. Am I wrong?
* Esdras is Dentist. Is the father here?
*Noêmia´s not happy. Aren´t we in the party?
Cecilia and Andejoi are not well. Are mom and dad not ready to work?

* Note: affirmative short form of to Be can be used with names like in the examples
above, but only in the 3rd (third) person, He, She, It.

Hi people, I am Genésio de Lemos and I am a doctor. I am married and I have two

children, they are Noésia and Noésio. Noésia is nine years old and she is a student.
Noésio is four years old but he is not yet a student. My wife is Morança; she is an English
Teacher. My children are very important for me. I love my family because we are very
happy together.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Verb to Be (Past Simple Tense)

Positive form Negative form

I was I was not (I wasn’t)
You were You were not (You weren’t)
He was He was not (He’s not/ He isn’t)
She was She was not (She wasn’t)
It was It was not (It wasn’t)
We were We were not (We weren’t)
You were You were not (You weren’t)
They were They were not (They weren’t)

Interrogative form Interrogative Negative form

Was I? Was I not? (Wasn’t I?)
Were you? Were you not? (Weren’t you?)
Was he? Was he not? (Wasn’t he?)
Was she? Was she not? (Wasn’t she?)
Was it? Was it not? (Wasn’t it?)
Were we? Were we not? (Weren’t we?)
Were you? Were you not? (Weren’t you?)
Were they? Were they not? (Weren’t they?)

Examples
I was a Teacher You weren’t my friends before.
Jalani was a top model. He was not tired.
Was I sleepy? Weren’t you at school?
Was my brother with you? Wasn’t Antonia Patricia at the Rock Show?

VOCABULARY
Boyfriend - namorado
Idea - ideia
Need - necessitar; precisar
When - quando
Party - festa; partido politico

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Beginner lessons
Topic: How to Form the Future of Verbs

To form the future simple tense we use the modal verb ʹwillʹ as an auxiliary verb.

Positive form Negative form

I will (IʼII) + verb I will not (I won’t) + verb
You will (YouʼII) + verb You will not (You won’t) + verb
He will (HeʼII) + verb He will not (He won’t) + verb
She will (SheʼII) + verb She will not (She won’t) + verb
It will (ItʼI) + verb It will not (It won’t) + verb
We will (WeʼI) + verb We will not (We won’t) + verb
You will (YouʼI) + verb You will not (You won’t) + verb
They will (TheyʼI) + verb They will not (They won’t) + verb

Interrogative form Interrogative Negative form

Will I + verb? Will not (Won’t I) + verb?
Will you + verb? Will you not (Won’t you) + verb?
Will he + verb? Will he not (Won’t he) + verb?
Will she + verb? Will she not (Won’t she) + verb?
Will It + verb? Will it not (Won’t It) + verb?
Will we + verb? Will we not (Won’t we) + verb?
Will you + verb? Will you not (Won’t you) + verb?
Will they + verb? Will they not (Won’t they) + verb?

Examples
She will talk to you now. You won’t do the housework.
Theyʼll watch a movie. He will not eat his lunch.
Will Margarida cook today? Won’t you travel to the U. S.?
Will the boys with you? Won’t they sleep here?

"Shall" in American English is most commonly used in sentences with "I" or "We".
 Itʼs often found in promises or voluntary actions.

Shall we help you? VOLUNTARY ACTION

I shall love you forever. PROMISE

Note: We don’t use WILL with modal verbs such as: Can, Will, May, Shall, Must, Ought
to.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Countries and Nationalities

Countries Nationalities Countries Nationalities

Angola Angolan Lebanon Lebanene
Algeria Algerian Libya Libyan
Argentina Argentinean Malaysia Malaysian
Armenia Armenian Morocco Moroccan
Autralia Australian Mozambique Mozambican
Belgium Belgian Nigeria Nigerian
Benin Beninese Pakistan Pakistani
Bolivia Bolivian Poland Polish
Botswana Botswanan Portugal Portuguese
Brazil Brazilian Russia Russian
Cameroon Cameroonian Saudi Arabia Arabian
Canada Canadian Scotland Scottish
Cape Verde Cape Verdean Senegal Senegalese
Chile Chilean Serbia Serbian
China Chinese South Africa South African
Colombia Colombian Spain Spanish
Croatia Croatian Sudan Sudanese
Cuba Cuban Sweden Swedish
Cyprus Cypriot Switzerland Swiss
Czech Republic Czech Syria Syrian
Denmark Danish Thailand Thai
Ecuador Ecuadorian Tunisia Tunisian
Egypt Egyptian Turkey Turkish
England English Uganda Ugandan
Ethiopia Ethiopian United States of America American
Finland Finnish Wales Walsh
France French Zambia Zambian
Gabon Gabonese Zimbabwe Zimbabwean
Germany German
Ghana Ghanaian 1-Where are you from?
Greece Greek I am from
Holland Dutch _______________________________
Hungary Hungarian 2-Where do you come from?
India Indian I come from_____________________________
Indonesia Indonesian What is your favorite country?
Iran Iranian My favorite is __________________________
Iraq Iraqi 3-Where were you born?
Ireland Irish I was born in __________________________
Israel Israeli What is your nationality?
Italy Italian I am _______________________________
Japan Japanese
Korea Korean The Continents
Asia Asian
America American
Africa African
Europe European
Australia Australian

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Cardinal Numbers

Why do we use the cardinal numbers?

We use the Cardinal numbers to talk about quantities.

They show the cost of things, the amount possessed by people or things.
It costs five hundred kwanza’s. We have four cars in our garage.

There are different pronunciations for 0

 We usually say nought when we count and in math:

The substance weighs nought point five (0.5)

 In scores of games like football, we say nil:

We lost five-nil (0.5)
 But in tennis we say love:
Belcher leads forty-love (40-0)

 When we talk about phone numbers, we say each number separately, and 0 is
oh:
Nine to three four eight seven oh one oh (947632232)

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Beginner lessons
 Dates

Note: we put a comma (,) between thousand and hundred.

Questions
How old are you? What is your favorite number?
I am ________ years old My favorite number is ________

What is your age? What is your cellphone number?

I am ________ years of age. My cellphone number is _________________

When were you born?

I was born in _________:_

Symbols We write We say

. point 0.5 Naught point five
+ plus 5+10 five plus ten
- minus 10-6 Ten minus six
* multiplied by / times 5*5 Five multiplied by five
/ divided by 8/2 Eight divided by two
%percent 80% Eighty per cent
= equals 2+6= 8 Two plus six equals eight

VOCABULARY
How – como Below - abaixo de
To put - por ; colocar Degrees - graus
Between - entre Usually - normalmente
To say - Dizer

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The Time

Writing the Time

A.M - Stands for ante meridiem 00:00 - 11:59

Morning 00:01 - 11:59
Noon or midday 12:00
P.m. - Stands for post meridian 12:00 - 23:59
Afternoon 12:01 - 17:59
Evening / night 18:00 - 23:59
Midnight 00:00/24:00

There are two common ways of telling the time.

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Beginner lessons
 1) Say the minutes first and then the hour. (Minutes + PAST/ TO + Hour)*

For minutes 1- 30 we use PAST after the minutes.

For minutes 31-59 we use TO after the minutes.

 2:35 – It´s twenty-five to three.

 11:20 – It´s twenty-past eleven.
 4:18 – It´s eighteen past four.
 8:51 – It´s nine to nine.
 11:34 – It´s twenty-six to twelve.

*Analog clocks show the time using the 12-hour clock.

2) Say the hour first and then minutes. (Hour + Minutes)*

 6:25 – It´s six twenty-five

 8: 05 – It´s eight oh-five (the 0 is said like the letter O)
 9:11 – It´s nine eleven
 2:34 – It´s two thirty-four
 13:42 – It´s thirteen forty-to

* Digital Clocks often show the time using the 24-hour clock.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The Days of the week and the Months of the Year

In the week there are seven (7) days. The names of the days of the week are:

Sunday / sʌnder/ a) what is first day of the week?

Monday / mʌnder/ the first day of the week is _________________
Tuesday / tju:zder/
Days Wednesday / wenzder/ b) how many days are there in the week?
Thursday /Ɵɜrzder/ In the week there are __________ days.
Friday / frarder/
Saturday / Sætərder/ c) what your favorite day?
My favorite day is_________________

The months of the year

In the year there are three hundred and sixty-five or three hundred and sixty-six days, fifty-
three weeks and twelve months. The names of the months of the year are:

January/ dʒænjuԑri/
February/ fԑbrjuԑri/ How many months are there in the year?
March/ martf/ In the year there are twelve _____ months.
Apriler / erprəl/
May/ mer/ What is your favorite month of the year?
Months June / dʒun/ My favorite month of the year is
July/ dʒʊʼlar/ ________________________.
August / ɔgəst
September/ sԑpʼtԑmbər/ What is the most important month for your
October/ akʼtoʊbər/ country?
November/ noʊvԑmbər/ The most important month for my country is
December/ drʼsԑmbər/ ___________________________________.

VOCABULARY
Week – Semana Midnight – Meia-Noite
Month – Mês Midday – Meio-Dia
Year – Ano The Day Before Yesterday – Antes de Ontem
Century – Século The Day After Tomorrow – Depois de Amanhã
Millennium – Milénio Today A Week – De hoje a uma Semana

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Possessives

Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Pronouns
My
Your Mine
His Yours
Her His
Its Hers
Our Ours
Your Yours
Their Theirs

The Possessive Adjectives are used before the Possessed Noun.

The Possessive Pronouns are used after the Possessed Noun.

Adjective Pronouns
Singular My Mine (o) meu, (a) minha, (os) meus, (as) minhas
Your Yours (o) teu, (a) tua, (os) teus, (as) tuas

Masculine His His (o) seu, dele

feminine Her Hers (a) sua, dela
neutral Its Its (o) seu, dele, (a) sua, dela

Plural Our Ours (o) nosso, (a) nossa, (os) nossos, (as) nossas
Your Yours (o) vosso, (a) vossa, (os) vossos, (as) vossas
Their Theirs (os) deles, (as) delas, (os) seus, (as) suas

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Beginner lessons
Summary: The Articles

Indefinite Articles Definitive Article

A Um, Uma The O, OS

An Um, Uma A, AS

THE DEFINITIVE ARTICLE IS INVARIABLE.

The boy The girl The boys The girls

 We use THE when people know the person or thing we talk about.
“Sheʼs the wife of Mr. Fernandes, and the boys in the car are their children.”

 When there is only one of something. (nature, art, monuments)

The Sun, The Moon, The Mona Lisa, The White House, The Great Wall of China.

 We pronounce /de/ (thuh) before consonant sounds.

The dog The book The man The hat The yogurt The Wonder
The university The European The one-eyed man The helicopter

 We pronounce as /di:/ (thee) before vowel sounds.

The apple The elephant The owl The instrument The umbrella
The hour The honour The FBI agent The SOS call The MIA troop

THE INDEFINITIVE ARTICLES ARE USED ONLY IN SINGULAR.

 We use A and AN when people don´t know the person or thing we talk about.
“She has a son and a daughter.

 When we talk about professions and occupations:

A Priest, an Engineer, an Actress, a Medic, an Electrician, a Plumber.

 We use A before consonant sounds:

a dog a book a man a cat a yogurt a Wonder
a hat a hospital a hamburger a university a euro

 We use AN before vowel sounds:

an apple an elephant an owl an instrument an umbrella
an hour an honour an F.B.I. agent an S.O.S. call

Some – uns, umas, alguns, algumas.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Professions and Occupations

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Beginner lessons
 The word of working

Unemployed – Desempregado
Employer – Empregador Trainee – Estagiário; Aprendiz
Staff / Personnel – Pessoal Trade Unionist – Sindicalista
Boss – Patrão / Patroa Striker – Grevista
Apprentice – Apendriz
Career – Careira Maternity Leave – Licença de Parto
Trade – Comércio
Salary– Salário Workshop – Oficina
Wages – Remuneração, Salário Laboratory – Laboratório
Pay Rise – Aumento Salarial Holidays / Vacation – Férias
Temporary Job – Emprego Temporário Leave – Licença
Part-Time Job – Emprego A Tempo Parcial SickLeave – Licença Por Doença
Full-Time Job – Emprego A Tempo Inteiro Payment – Pagamento
Business Trip – Viagem de Nogócio Income –Rendimento
Industry – Industria Expense – Despesa / Gasto
Office – Escritório

What do you do?

I am a/ an _____________________________

What is your Job?

I am a/ an _____________________________

What is your occupation?

I am a/ an_____________________________
What do you do for living?
I earn my living as a/ an__________________

I used to work as a/ an

What do you think about your Job? (O que achas do tem emprego?)
I think it´s interesting / exciting / boring / dangerous / difficult / useful / important
Eu o acho interessante / excitante / aborrecido / perigoso / Difícil / últi / importante

VOCABULARY
To go on strike – fazer greve; entrar em greve.
To retire – aposentar-se, reformar-se.
To earn – ganhar, auferir
Take a holiday – tirar férias
To lay off – despedir
To dismiss – despedir; dispensar.
To resign – demitir-se
To be on strike – estar em greve.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Verb to Have (Present and Past)

Present Past Future Present Participle Past Participle

Have, Has Had Will have Having (not possession) Had

Have – is used as an auxiliary to help other verbs create the perfect tense.

Present Simple
Positive Negative Interrogative
I have got I have not got (I haven’t got) Have I got?
You have got you have not got (You haven’t got) Have you got?
He has got He has not got (He hasn’t got) Has he got?
She hast got She hast not go (She hasn’t got) Has she got?
It hast got It has not got (It hasn’t got) Has it got?
We have got We have not got (We haven’t got) Have we got?
You have got You have not got (You haven’t got) Have you got?
They have got They have not got (They haven’t got) Have they got?

We have got some good news. She has got a new phone.
I haven´t got time to cook. You have not money.
Has he got the keys? Have they got anything to say?

Past Simple
Positive Negative Interrogative
I had I had not (I hadn’t) Had I?
You had you had not (You hadn’t) Had you?
He had He had not (He hadn’t) Had he?
She had She had not (She hadn’t) Had she?
It had It had not (It hadn’t) Had it?
We had We had not (We hadn’t) Had we?
You had You had not (You hadn’t) Had you?
They had They had not (They hadn’t) Had they?

We had a party last Saturday. She had my new t-shirt.

I hadn´t a place to live. You had not lunch.
Has he all the files? Had they everything ready?

The difference between HAVE and HAVE GOT is that HAVE needs an auxiliary verb
in negative and interrogative forms, while HAVE GOT doesn´t need any auxiliary.

Have Have got

Positive: I have a car. Positive: I have got a car / I´ve got a car.
Negative: I don´t have a car. Negative: I have not got a car / I haven´t got a car.
Interrogative: Do I have a car? Interrogative: Have I got a car?
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Beginner lessons
Topic: The Family

 Family – Família  Stepbrother – Meio-irmão

 Ralative(s) – Parente(s)  Stepsister – Meia-irmã
 Parents – Pais  Fiancée – Noiva
 Father – Pai  Fiancé – Noivo
 Mother– Mãe  Bride – Noiva
 Children – Crianças / Filhos  Groom – Noivo
 Child – Criança  Husband – Marido
 Son – Filho  Wife – Esposa
 Daughter – Filha  Godparents – Padrinhos
 Siblings – Irmãos e Irmãs  Godfather – Padrinho
 Brother – Irmão  Godmother – Madrinha
 Sirter – Irmã  Godchildren – afiliados
 Aunt – Tia  Godson – Afiliado
 Uncle – Tio  Goddaughter – Afilhada
 Cousin – Primo(a)  Father-in-law – Sogro
 Niece – Sobrinha  Mother-in-law – Sogra
 Nephew – Sobrinho  Son-in-law – Genro
 Grandparents – Avôs  Daughter-in-law – Nora
 Grandfather – Avô  Brother-in-law – Cunhado
 Grandmother – Avó  Sister-in-law – Cunhada
 Grandchildren – Netos  FosterFamily – Família Adotiva
 Grandson – Neto  FosterParents – Pais Adotivos
 Granddaughter – Neta  FosterFather – Pai Adotivo
 Twins – Gémios  FosterMother – Mãe Adotiva
 TwinSisters – Irmãs Gémeas  FosterChildren – Filhos Adotivos
 Twin Brothers – Irmãos Gémeos  FosterBother – Imrão Adotivo
 Triple – Trigémeos  FosterSister – Irmã Adotiva
 OnlyChild – Único(a) Filha(a)  GreatGrandparents – Bisavôs
 Only son – Filho Único  GreatGrandfather – Bisavô
 Only daughter – Filha Única  GreatGrandmother–Bisavó
 Stepfather – Padrasto  GreatGrandchildren–Bisnetos
 Stepmother – Madrasta  GreatGrandson – Bisneto
 Stepchildren – Enteados  GreatGranddaughter – Bisneta
 Sterpson – Enteado  GreatGreatGrandfather – Trisavô
 Stepdaughter – Enteada  Great Great Grandmother - Trisavó

How many brother and sisters do you have?

I have ______ brother(s) and ______ sister(s).

What number of son/ daughter are you?

I am the _________ son/ daughter of my parents.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Ordinal Numbers

Why do we use the ordinal numbers?

We use ordinal numbers to talk about order.

They show the position of someone or something in a sequencer or a group:

We lived on the fifth floor. He was the second in the race.

When we white dates, we can use short form 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, etc.

1st – the first40th – the fortieth

2nd – the second 50th – the fiftieth
3rd – the third60th – the sixtieth
4th – the fourth70th – the seventieth
5th – the fifth80th – the eightieth
6th – the sixth90th – the ninetieth
7th – the seventh
8th – the eighth100th – the one hundredth
9th – the ninth101-st – the one hundred and first
10th – the tenth200th – the two hundredth
11th – the eleventh
12th – the twelfth1, 000th –the one thousandth
13th – the thirteenth10, 000th – the ten thousandth
14th – the fourteenth
15th – the fifteenth1, 000,000th – the one millionth
16th – the sixteench2, 000,000th – the two millionth
17th – the seventeenth
18th – the eighteenth
19th – the nineteenth
20th – the twentieth
21st – the twenty-first
22nd – the twenty-second
23rd – the twenty-third
24th – the twenty-fourth
25th – the twenty-fifth
26th – the twenty-sixth Questions
27th – the twenty-seventh) 1- When is your birthday?
28th – the twenty-eighth My birthday is on _____________.
29th – the twenty-ninth
30th – the thirtieth) 2- What is the date today?
31st – the thirty-first Today is _____________________.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The present Simples Tense

We use the present simple tense:

1. For regular actions, facts or habits.

Acline writes five books a year. A dog has four legs. Cecilia brushes her teeth once
a day.

The conjugation for the third person is as follows:

 In general, in the third person we add ´Sʼ.

Live –Lives See – Sees Build – Builds Jump – Jumps

 For verbs that end in –O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or –Z we add –ES in the third person.
Go – Goes Wish – Wishes Relax – Relaxes
Catch – Catches Kiss – Kisses Buzz – Buzzes

 For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove Y and add –IES.

Marry – Marries Study – Studies Copy – Copies

 For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add –S

Play – Plays Destroy – Destroys Play – Plays

 To Have and to Be are irregular

Have – Has Be – Is

Negative and interrogative Sentences in the present Simple Tense

To make a negative sentence we normally use don’t or doesn’t and in interrogative
sentences we use Do or Does with all verbs, EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs.

Subject + don’t/ doesn’t + verb Do/ Does + subject + verb

 He doesn´t like me. Do you live in Angola?
 We don´t have a house. Does Noémia eat fish?

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Daily Routine

Genésio´s daily Routine.

Genésio is a teacher at a public school in Luanda. On

weekdays, he always gets up at about 7 o´clock. He takes a
shower and then he has breakfast with his wife and daughter.
After breakfast, he brushes his teeth and gets dressed and
then he takes his daughter to school. He goes to work by car
at 8.30 and he starts working at 9 o´clock.

In the afternoon, at about 1.30 he usually has lunch. He has a

sandwich and some fruit in his office. He finishes work at 5
o´clock and picks up his daughter from her mother´s house.
He often has dinner at about 7 pm and then he has a cup of
coffee.

In the evening, he watches television or sometimes he listens to music. He usually goes to

bed at about 11.30. He reads his book half an hour goes to sleep at midnight.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Demonstrative Pronouns

The demonstrative pronouns are: This, These, That, Those.

This – Este, Esse, Esta, Essa, Isto. These – Estes, Esses, Estas, Essas.

We use both this and these to talk about someone or something near us (here), this with
singular nouns and these with plural nouns.

(here/ close) (here/ close)

That – Aquele, Aquela, Aquilo. Those – Aqueles, Aquelas.

We use both that and those to talk about someone or something far from us (there),, that
wth singular nouns and those with plural nouns.

That book
(there / not close)

Those books
(there / not close)

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The Possessive Case (´S / ´)

The possessive case is when we add apostrophe S (´s) to show possession, that
something belongs to someone or something.

The Rules:
We form the possessive case by adding ´s (apostrophe S) to the possessor´s name
followed by what´s being possessed.

Normal possessive sentence Possessive case sentence

Jesus is the son of God Jesus is God´s son.

1. Singular nouns: add´s (apostrophe S)

The shop of my mother is in the city. My mother´s shop is in the city.
The car of jeucal was stolen last night. Jeucal ´s car was stolen last night.
They´ll go to the party of Adão. They´ll go to Adão´s party.
We rode the new bike of Francis all day. We rode Francis´s new bike all day

2. Plural nouns ending in –s: only add the apostrophe ´(without the S)
The house of his parents is next to mine. His parents’ house is next to mine.
The tools of the plumbers are rusty. The plumbers´ tools are rusty.

3. Plural nouns not ending in –s: add ´s (apostrophe S)

Be careful with the toys of the children. Be careful with the children´s toys.
The bathroom of the women is full. The women’s´ bathroom is full.

4. Specific and Multiple owners.

If there are two or more owners of something, we add ´s (apostrophe S) to the final
name:
The room of Noemia and Fulvia is dirty. Noemia and Fulvia´s room is dirty.
The flat of Jalane, José and Noemia is big. Jalani José and Noemia´s flat is big.

But, if each person owns something, then add ´s (apostrophe S) to all names:
The room of Rick and the room of Steve are dirty. Rick´s and Steve´sn rooms are dirty.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Verb to Do (Present and Past)

Present Past Future Present Participle Past Participle

Do/ Does Did Will do Doing Done

Do – is used as an auxiliary verb to form the negative and interrogative sentences in

the present and Past Simple tenses.

Present Simple
Positive Negative Interrogative
I do I do not dot (I don’t do) Do I do?
You do You do not do(You don’tdo) Do you do?
He does He does not do(He doesn’tdo) Does he do?
She does She does not do (She doesn’tdo) Does she do?
It does It does not do(It doesn’tdo) Does it do?
We do Wedo not do(We don’tdo) Do we do?
You do You do not do(You don’tdo) Do you do?
They do They do not do(They don’tdo) Do they do?

We do everything. Does he do the accounts?

She does nothing to help. Do they do exercises?
I don´t do the homework. You do not do the dishes.

Past Simple
Positive Negative Interrogative
I did I did not d o (I didnʼt do) Did I do?
You did You did not do (You didnʼt do) Did you do?
He did He did not do (He didnʼt do) Did he do?
She did She did not do (She didnʼt do) Did she do?
It did It did not do (It didnʼt do) Did it do?
We did We did not do (We didnʼt do) Did we do?
You did You did not do (You didnʼt do) Did you do?
They did They did not do (They didnʼt do) Did they do?

We did a great job. Did he do the housework?

She did the exam last week. Did they do the shopping?
I didn´t do the laundry. You did not do anything.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The Plural of the Nouns

There are two numbers: singular and plural.

 Most of the nouns in English we just add S in the plural:

Ball/ Balls Car/ Cars Hand/ Hands Song/Songs Bomb/Bombs
Cliff/Cliffs Pencil/Pencils Eye/ Eyes Turtle/Turtles Radio/Radios

 For nouns ending in S,SS, SH, CH. X, and Z, in the plural we add es:
Gas/Gases Bus/Buses Class/Classes Mistress/Mistresses Dish/Dishes Ash/Ashes
Box/Boxes Fox/Foxes Torch/Torches Church/Churches Buzz/Buzzes Fuzz/Fuzzes

 For nouns ending in CONSONANT +Y, Y changes to IES.

Lady/Ladies Baby/ Babies Trophy/Trophies Battery/ Batteries

 Nouns ending in VOWEL + Y, we only add S.

Boy/Boys Day/Days Bay/Bays Toy/Toys Key/Keys

 Nouns ending in CONSONANT + O we add ES in the plural.

Hero/Heroes Negro/Negroes Potato/Potatoes Buffalo/Buffaloes
Tomato/Tomatoes Mosquito/Mosquitoes Avocado/Avocado Mango/Mangoes

 Nouns ending in F or FE, change F and FE into VES.

Calf/Calves Shelf/Shelves Hoof/Hooves Leaf/Leaves Life/Lives
Wife/Wives Knife/Knives Thief/Thieves Dwarf/Dwarves Scarf/ Scarves

 Plural of irregular nouns

Foot/ Feet Goose/Geese Mouse/Mice Man/ Men Tooth/Teeth
Woman/Women Person/People Child/Children Louse/Lice

 A few nouns have the same Singular and Plural forms.

Sheep/Sheep Deer/Deer Fowl/Fowl Series/Series
Species/Species Fish/Fish

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The human body

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Meals, Food and Drinks

→ Meals (Refeições)  FRUITS

Breakfast – pequeno-almoço / Mata– Mango – manga
bicho Apple – maçã
Lunch – almoço Orange – laranja
Dinner – jantar Pineapple – abacaxi
Dissert – sobremesa Limon – limão
Snack – lanche Paw-paw – papaia
Supper – ceia Fig – figo
Peach – pêssigo
→ Food (alimentos)
Banana – cor cinzenta, cinzento
Wheat – trigo Pear – pera
Rice – arroz Staw-berry – morango
Corn – milho Avocado – abacate
Soy – soja Grape – uva
Oat – aveia Melon – melão
Bread – pão Guava – goiaba
Sandwichbread – pão de forma Pear– pera
Past – massa
Cokies/Biscuits – bolachas /biscoitos
Cake - bolo

 MeatGroup – Carnes
Beef – carne bovina  VegetableGoup – Vegetais e Verduras
BeefJerky – Carne Seca Bean – Feijão
Steak – Bife Beet–Beterraba
Pork– Carne Suina Cabbage – Repolho
PorkChops- Costeletas de Porco Carrot – Cenoura
PorkSausage – Chouriço Cassava – mandioca
Mutton – Carne Caprina Cauli-Flower – Couve-Flor
poultry– carnde de Aves Chilli – Gindungo
Chicken – Frango Cucumber – Pepino
Chicken – Legs – Coxas de Frango Eggplant–Beringela
ChickenWings – Asas de Franco Ginger – Gengibre
Duck – Pato Groundnut / Peanut – Gingunba
Turkey – Peru Lettuce – Alface
Egg – Ovo Okra – Quiabo
Fish – Peixe Onion – Cebola
Cod – Bacalhau Potato – Batata
Mackerel – Carapau Spinach – Espinafre
Tuna – Atum SweetPotato – Batata Doce
Sea Food – Mariscos e moluscos Tomato – Tomate
Shrimp – Camarão
Crab – Carangueijo
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Beginner lessons
  MilkGroup – Laticinios Popsicle – Picolé
Milk – Leite Marmalade – Marmelada
CowMilk – Leite de Vaca Mayonnaice / Mayo – Maionese
GoatMilk – Leite de Cabra Ketchup–Ketchup
Condensed Milk – Leite Condensado Mustard – Mostarda
Cream – Crème de Leite/ Natas ChewingGum – Pastilha
Yogurt – Iogurte Lollipop – Chupa-chupa
Butter– Manteiga
Margarine – Margarina → Drinks
Cheese – Queijo Water – água
ParmesanCheese – Queijo Parmesão Tonicwater – água tónica
Mineralwater – Água Mineral
 Others – Outros Cofee – café
Soup – Sopa Milk – leite
Gruel – Papa Chocolate – chocolate
Barbecue – Churrasco Tea – chá
Omolette – Omolete Juice – sumo, suco
ScrambledEggs – Ovos Mexidos Beer – cerveja
FrenchFries–Batatas Fritas Wine – vinho
Salad – Salada Soda – líquidos com gás
CocktailFruit – Salada de Frutas Pop – refrigerante
Sandwich – Sanduiche Brandy – aguardente
Pie – Torta Hard liquor – bebida alcoólica
Pizza – Pizza Champagne – champanhe
Pudding – Pudim Chocolate – Chocolate Cocktail – coquetel
IceCream – Gelado Whiskey – whisky
Lemonade – Limonada
Booze – Bebidas Alcoólicas em Geral
RedWine – Vinho Tinto
WhiteWine – Vinho Branco
Vodka – Vodca
PalmWine – Maruvo
HomemadeDinks – Bebidas Caseiras

When talking about meals, food and drinks in English, it´s common to use
verb to have to replace the verbs eat and drink.

Example: have (eat) breakfast, have (eat) lunch, have (eat) dinner, have (drink) tea, have
(drink) coffee, have (drink) milk.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The past simple tense

We use the past simple tens:

1. For actions completed at a specified time in the past.
(itʼs common to use a time expression referring to past: yesterday , ago last )

 I sang at the karaoke last night.

 She kissed me on the cheek two days ago.
 It rained all day yesterday.
 Jessy had pizz for dinner last weekend.
 Esmeralda went to the museum on Tuesday.

Now we need to understand the difference between regular and irregular verbs:

 Regular verbs: are those verbs that we add – ed or –d to form the past simple and
the past participle.

Base Past S. Past P. Base Past S. Past P. Base Past S. Past P.

Play played played Comb combed combed Adore adored adored
See seemed seemed Live lived lived Relieve relieved relieved

 Irregular verbs: are those verbs that we don´t add – ed or - d to form the past
simple and the past participle.

Base Past S. Past P. Base Past S. Past P. Base Past S. Past P.

Do did done Write Wrote Written Lie Lay lain
Cut cut Cut Know Knew Known Buy Bought Bought

Negative and interrogative sentences in the paste simple tense

To make a negative sentence we normally use didn´t and in interrogative sentences we

use Did with all verbs, Except to Be and modal verbs.

Subject + didn´t + verb Did + Subject + verb

 She didn´t buy any drink. Did you watch yesterday´s game?
 They didn´t say anything. Did Nomia do her house work?

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Clother and Colours

Tuxed Sweatsh Coa

Waistcoat (UK) tt
o Vest (USA) irt

Shirt Polo Shirt T-Shirt Hoodie

Suit

Trainers (Br)
Sneakers (Am)
Jacket Jeans Jacjet Shorts

Hat Cap
Swimming Trunks
Necktie
Tie

Shoes
Underpants (Br)
Briefs (Am)

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Beginner lessons
 Shirt

Blouse
Neghtdress (Br)
Dress Nightgown (Am)
Jeans

Bikini
Stockin
gs
Pyjamas (Br)
Pajamas (Am)
Overall

Swimsuit
Shawl

Scarf Slipper
s

High Heels
Flip-flops

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Beginner lessons
Clothes/ Cloths Parts
Colors/ Colours
Button – Botão White – Branco
Buttonhole – Casa do Botão Gray / Grey – Cinzento
Collar – Gola Black – Preto
V-Neck – Gola V Red – Vermelho
(longǀ short) Sleeve – Manga (longa ǀ curta) Orange – Laranja
Pocket – bolso Brown – Castanho
BeltLoop – Guarda Cinto Yellow – amarelo
Shoelace / Lace – Atador Green – Verde
Sole – Sola LightGreen – Verde Claro
Insole / Innersole – Palmilha DarkGreen – Verde Escuro
Blue – Azul
Accessories LightBlue – Azul Claro
Suspenders – Suspensores DarkBlue – Azul Escuro
Belt – Cinto Purple – Roxo
LeatherBelt – Cinto de Cabedal / Couro Violet – Violeta / Cor de Vinho
Buckle – Fivela do Cinto Magenta – Magenta
Gloves – Luvas Pink – Rosa
Handkerchief – Lenço de Bolso Beige – Bege
Purse – Bolsa Cream – Crème
Wallet – Carteira Dark – Escuro
Bag – Pasta Light – Claro
Briefcase – Maleta
Glasses – Óculos Blond / Blonde – Loura / Louro
Brunette – Morena / Moreno
Jewellery Red-haired – Ruiva/ Ruivo
Watch – Relógio
Bracelet – Pulseira Spotted – As Bolinhas
Necklace – Colar Stripped – As Riscas
Earrings – Brincos Chequered – Xadrez
Ring – Anel Weddingring – Aliança Flowered – As Flores

What are you wearing?

I´m wearing ___________, ____________________ and _______________________.
What is your favorite color?
My favorite color is ___________________________.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: Countable an Uncountable Nouns

Countable nouns: are things that we can count.

E.g: fruits, people, cars, animals, houses, books.

Uncountable nouns: are things that we cannot count, generally they are small
grains or liquids.
E.g: water, sugar, milk. Sand, sound, wind, heat, money.

Expressions of quantity

A Few/ A Little Some / Any A Lot Of / Lots of Many/ Much

To use the expressions of quantity correctly, you need to understand the difference
between countable and uncountable nouns.

- Countable nouns can be singular or plural.

- Uncountable nouns can only be singular.

We use a few with countable nouns and a little with uncountable nouns in
positive sentences. (Small Amounts)
I´ve got a few problems at the moment. She has a little orange juice.
I still have a few candies left. I only need a little soup.

We use some and any with countable and uncountable nouns. Some in
positive sentences and any in negative and interrogative sentences (small
amounts)
I´ve got some books. There is some milk.
Are there any potatoes? Is there any butter?
We don´t need any mango. I haven´t got any wine.

We use both a lot of and lots of with countable and uncountable nouns are
used in positive sentences. (Large amounts)
We´ve got a lot of eggs. T here are lots of oranges.
There’s a lot of beer. He´s got lots of money

We use many with countable nouns and much with uncountable nouns in
question and negative sentences. (Large amounts)
How many girls were there? How much coffee does she need?
I didn´t eat many apple. There isn´t much sugar in the pot.

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The Bedroom

1. Bed– A Cama 14. Blinds -

2. Headboard – A Cabeceira 15. Curtains – As cortinas
3. Pillow– O Travesseiro 16. Lamp – O abajer
4. Pillowcase– A fronha 17. Alarm clock-
5. Fitted sheet- O lençol de baixo 18. Clock radio – O radio-relogio
6. (flat) sheet– O lençol de cima 19. Nigjt table/ nightstand– O criado-mudo
7. Blanket– O cobertor 20. Mirror – O espelho
8. Electric blanket - 21. Jewelry box -
9. Dust ruffle–O bahado da cama 22. Dresser/ bureau – A comoda
10. Bedspread – A colcha 23. Mattress– O colchão
11. Comforter/ quilt- 24. Box spring– A cama box
12. Carpet - 25. Bed frame – A armação da cama a
13. Chest (of drawers) - “frente”

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The Dining Room

1. (dining room) table - 18. Candlestick – O castiçal

2. (dining room) chair- 19. Platter – O prato para server/ a travessa
3. Buffet - 20. Butter dish -
4. Tray – A bandeja 21. Salt shaker – O saleiro
5. Teapot – O bole de chá 22. Pepper shaker – O pimenteiro
6. Coffee post - 23. Tablecloth -
7. Sugar bowl – O Açucareiro 24. Napkin -
8. Creamer – A leiteira 25. Fork – O garfo
9. Pitcher - 26. Plate–O prato
10. Chandelier - 27. Knife – A cafa
11. China cabinet – A cristaleira 28. Spoon – A colher
12. China - 29. Bowl – A tijela
13. Salad bowl - 30. Mug – A caneca
14. Serving bowl - 31. Glass – O copo
15. Serving dish – A Travessa 32. Cup -
16. Vase–O vaso 33. Saucer -
17. Candle – A vela

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The Living Room

1. Bookcase– A estante de livros 15. Floor lamp – O bajur de pé

2. Basket – A cesta 16. Drapes – As cortinas
3. Track lighting–A luminaria de vilho 17. Window – A janela
4. Lightbulb – A lampada 18. Plant – A planta
5. Ceiling – O teto/ o forro 19. Sofa/ couch – O sofa
6. Wall – A parede 20. Throw pillow – A almofada
7. Painting – A pintura 21. End table – A mesa de canto
8. Mantel–O console da lareira 22. Magazine holder – A porta revistas
9. Fireplace – A lareira 23. Coffee table – A mesa de centro
10. Fire – O fogo 24. Armchair/ easy chair – a poltrona
11. Fire screen – A tela de proteção da lareira 25. Love seat–O sofa de dois lugares
12. Logs–A tenha 26. TV (television) – A TV
13. Wall unit – A estante 27. Carpet – O carpete
14. Stereo system – O aparelho de son

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The Children’s Bedroom

1. Bunk bed – A biliche 13. Diaper pail – O recipiente para faldas usadas
2. Comforter – O acochoado 14. Dollhouse – A casa de bonecas
3. Night-light A luz sentinela 15. Bloks – Os blocos
4. Mobile – O mobile 16. Ball – A bola
5. Wallpaper – O papel de parede 17. Picture book – O livro com figuras
6. Crib – O berço 18. Doll – A boneca
7. Bumper pad – O protetor de berço 19. Cradle – O bercinho de boneca
8. Chest of drawers–A cômoda 20. Coloring book – O livro para color
9. Baby monitor – A babá electrônica 21. Crayons – Os lapis de cera
10. Teddy bear– O ursinho 22. Puzzle – O quebra cabeça
11. Smoke detector – O detector de fumaça 23. Stuffed animals–Os bichinhos de pelúcia
12. Changing table – O trocador 24. Toy chest – O bau de brinquedos

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Beginner lessons
Topic: The animals and insects

Lion Horse Cow

Giraffe
Alligator Monkey

© Copyright
Pearson
Education
Ltd 2004

Cat Snake Wolf

Chicken Mouse Bear

Dog

Spider Dove Ant

Bird

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Beginner lessons