EVELINE

(James Joyce)

James Joyce (1882 – 1941) was born and educated in Ireland and spent most of his
adult life in Europe, mainly in France, Italy and Switzerland. His first short stories,
published as Dubliners (1914) are realistic on the surface but also carry a deeper
meaning. A portrait of the Artists as a Young man (1916) presents James Joyce himself
as a young man in the character of his hero, Stephen Dedalus, who is formed by the
powerful forces of Irish national, political, and religious feelings, and shows how he
gradually frees himself from the influence of these forces to follow his own nature and
his own fate. Ulysses (1922) is regarded as one of the most important novels in English of
the century. In Ulysses, Joyce created a completely new style of writing which allows the
reader to move inside the minds of the characters, and presents their thoughts and
feelings in a continuous stream, breaking all the usual rules of description, speech and
punctuation. Ulysses had a powerful influence on the work of many other writers.

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 EVELINE

(James Joyce)

She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. Her head was
leaned against the window curtains and in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne.
She was tired.

Few people passed. The man out of the last house passed on his way home, she
heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the
cinder path before the new red houses. One time there used to be a field there in which
they used to play every evening with other people's children. Then a man from Belfast
bought the field and built houses in it-- not like their little brown houses, but bright brick
houses with shining roofs. The children of the avenue used to play together in that field--
the Devines, the Waters, the Dunns, little Keogh the cripple, she and her brothers and
sisters. Ernest, however, never played: he was too grown up. Her father used often to
hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick, but usually little Keogh used to
keep nix and call out when he saw her father coming. Still they seemed to have been
rather happy then. Her father was not so bad then and, besides, her mother was alive.
That was a long time ago; she and her brothers and sisters were all grown up; her mother
was dead. Tizzie Dunn was dead too, and the Waters had gone back to England.
Everything changes. Now she was going to go away like the others, to leave her home.

Home! She looked round the room, reviewing all its familiar objects which she
had dusted once a week for so many years, wondering where on earth all the dust came
from. Perhaps she would never see again those familiar objects from which she had never
dreamed of being divided. And yet during all those years she had never found out the
name of the priest whose yellowing photograph hung on the wall above the broken
harmonium beside the coloured print of the promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary
Alacoque. He had been a school friend of her father. Whenever he showed the
photograph to a visitor her father used to pass it with a casual word:

- He is in Melbourne now.

She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to
weigh each side of the question. In her home anyway she had shelter and food, she had
those whom she had known all her life about her. Of course she had to work hard, both in
the house and at business. What would they say of her in the Stores when they found out
that she had run away with a fellow? Say she was a fool, perhaps, and her place would be

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filled up by advertisement. Miss Gavan would be glad. She had always had an edge on
her, especially whenever there were people listening.

- Miss Hill, don't you see these ladies are waiting?

- Look lively, Miss Hill, please.

She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores.

But in her new home, in a distant unknown country, it would not be like that. Then
she would be married-- she, Eveline. People would treat her with respect then. She would
not be treated as her mother had been. Even now, though she was over nineteen, she
sometimes felt herself in danger of her father's violence. She knew it was that that had
given her the palpitations. When they were growing up he had never gone for her like he
used to go for Harry and Ernest because she was a girl, but latterly he had begun to
threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake. And now
she had nobody to protect her. Ernest was dead and Harry, who was in the church
decorating business, was nearly always down somewhere in the country. Besides, the
invariable squabble for money on Saturday nights had begun to weary her unspeakably.
She always gave her entire wages-- seven shillings-- and Harry always sent up what he
could, but the trouble was to get any money from her father. He said she used to squander
the money, that she had no head, that he wasn't going to give her his hard-earned money
to throw about the streets, and much more, for he was usually fairly bad of a Saturday
night. In the end he would give her the money and ask her had she any intention of
buying Sunday's dinner. Then she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her
marketing, holding her black leather purse tightly in her hand as she elbowed her way
through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions. She had hard
work to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left
to her charge went to school regularly and got their meals regularly. It was hard work-- a
hard life-- but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable
life.

She was about to explore another life with Frank. Frank was very kind, manly,
open-hearted. She was to go away with him by the night-boat to be his wife and to live
with him in Buenos Ayres where he had a home waiting for her. How well she
remembered the first time she had seen him: he was lodging in a house on the main road
where she used to visit. It seemed a few weeks ago. He was standing at the gate, his
peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tumbled forward over a face of bronze.
Then they had come to know each other. He used to meet her outside the Stores every
evening and see her home. He took her to see The Bohemian Girl and she felt elated as

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she sat in an unaccustomed part of the theatre with him. He was awfully fond of music
and sang a little. People knew that they were courting and when he sang about the lass
that loves a sailor she always felt pleasantly confused. He used to call her Poppens out of
fun. First of all it had been an excitement for her to have a fellow and then she had begun
to like him. He had tales of distant countries. He had started as a deck boy at a pound a
month on a ship of the Allan Line going out to Canada. He told her the names of the ships
he had been on and the names of the different services. He had sailed through the Straits
of Magellan and he told her stories of the terrible Patagonians. He had fallen on his feet
in Buenos Ayres, he said, and had come over to the old country just for a holiday. Of
course her father had found out the affair and had forbidden her to have anything to say
to him.

- I know these sailor chaps, he said.

One day he had quarrelled with Frank and after that she had to meet her lover
secretly.

The evening deepened in the avenue. The white of two letters in her lap grew
indistinct. One was to Harry, the other was to her father. Ernest had been her favourite
but she liked Harry too. Her father was becoming old lately, she noticed: he would miss
her. Sometimes he could be very nice. Not long before, when she had been laid up for a
day, he had read her out a ghost story and made toast for her at the fire. Another day,
when their mother was alive, they had all gone for a picnic to the Hill of Howth. She
remembered her father putting on her mother's bonnet to make the children laugh.

Her time was running out but she continued to sit by the window, leaning her head
against the window curtain, inhaling the odour of dusty cretonne. Down far in the avenue
she could hear a street organ playing. She knew the air. Strange that it should come that
very night to remind her of the promise to her mother, her promise to keep the home
together as long as she could. She remembered the last night of her mother's illness: she
was again in the close dark room at the other side of the hall and outside she heard a
melancholy air of Italy. The organ-player had been ordered to go away and given
sixpence. She remembered her father strutting back into the sickroom saying:

- Damned Italians! Coming over here!

As she mused the pitiful vision of her mother's life laid its spell on the very quick
of her being-- that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness. She trembled
as she heard again her mother's voice saying constantly with foolish insistence:

- Derevaun Seraun! Derevaun Seraun!

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 She stood up in a sudden impulse of terror. Escape! She must escape! Frank would
save her. He would give her life, perhaps love, too. But she wanted to live. Why should
she be unhappy? She had a right to happiness. Frank would take her in his arms, fold her
in his arms. He would save her.

She stood among the swaying crowd in the station at the North Wall. He held her
hand and she knew that he was speaking to her, saying something about the passage over
and over again. The station was full of soldiers with brown baggages. Through the wide
doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat, lying in beside the
quay wall, with illumined portholes. She answered nothing. She felt her cheek pale and
cold and, out of a maze of distress, she prayed to God to direct her, to show her what was
her duty. The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist. If she went, to-morrow she
would be on the sea with Frank, steaming towards Buenos Ayres. Their passage had been
booked. Could she still draw back after all he had done for her? Her distress awoke a
nausea in her body and she kept moving her lips in silent fervent prayer.

A bell clanged upon her heart. She felt him seize her hand:

- Come!

All the seas of the world tumbled about her heart. He was drawing her into them:
he would drown her. She gripped with both hands at the iron railing.

- Come!

No! No! No! It was impossible. Her hands clutched the iron in frenzy. Amid the
seas she sent a cry of anguish.

- Eveline! Evvy!

He rushed beyond the barrier and called to her to follow. He was shouted at to go
on but he still called to her. She set her white face to him, passive, like a helpless animal.
Her eyes gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition.

Questions for discussion

1.Compare Eveline’s father with her boyfriend Frank.

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6. At the end of the story does Eveline decide to leave or to stay? How can you
understand her reaction?
7. What characteristics of Eveline can you draw out from the story?
8. What does the story want to talk about?