Directorate: Curriculum FET

SUBJECT and GRADE Mathematical Literacy, gr. 11

TERM 2 Week 7
TOPIC Measurement: Calculating Perimeter, Area, Volume
AIMS OF LESSON Calculate/measure the perimeter, area (including surface area) and/or volume of objects by:
• calculation for each of the following:
-rectangles, triangles, and circles (quarter-, semi- and three-quarters) using known formulae
-rectangular prisms and cylinders using known formulae
• calculation for objects that can be decomposed into those listed above.
In the context of:
• larger projects in the familiar contexts of the household and school and/or wider community
RESOURCES Paper based Digital resources
resources
• Via Africa: p. • Perimeter:
170 – 183 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAY1bsazcgM
• Study & Master: • Area:
p. 350 – 378 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCdxURXMdFY
• Surface area:
• Or go to the https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uzSWG6sRH0&list=PLyNKTd2ugSr9u9uYGi-
Measurement BWuEdFSM-lxNYb&index=8
(perimeter, • Volume:
area & volume) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJwecTgce6c&list=PLt3hChjBw-gGs0L4-
section in your tXGfx0tNQ93t01xf
textbook.
CONTENT All formulae for calculations involving perimeter, area, surface area and volume will be provided in
assessments. Note that in all formulae you are expected to work with the approximate value of pi (π) =
3,142.
Perimeter and circumference
 The perimeter of a shape is the total distance around the boundary of the given shape.
 Circumference is the perimeter of a circle.
The units of perimeter are the units of length:
mm, cm; m; km

Perimeter of plane shapes

Calculating Perimeter

4
A
5 cm
6 cm

B C
4 cm

1. Perimeter of a Square
P = AB + BC + CD + DA Sum of all sides
= 6 cm + 6cm + 6 cm + 6 cm
= 24 cm

P = 4s = 4 x 6 cm Using formula
= 24 cm

2. Perimeter of a Rectangle
Perimeter = PQ + QR + RS + SP Sum of sides
= 7 cm + 9 cm + 7 cm + 9 cm
= 32 cm

OR P = 2(L + B) Using formula

= 2(9 cm + 7 cm)
= 2(16 cm)
= 32 cm

3. Perimeter of a Circle
C = 2πr (π = 3,14) Can only be found using a formula
= 2 x 3,14 x 3,5 cm
= 21,98 cm

4. Perimeter of a triangle
P = AB +BC +AC Sum of all sides
= 6cm +4cm +5cm
= 15cm
Area
Area is the amount of space that a 2- dimensional shape occupies.
The units of area are:
➢ mm2
➢ cm2
➢ m2

Area of plane shapes

Calculating area
Calculate the area of the shapes below; make all units the same where necessary.

NB…Always
make all units
the same before
starting a
problem!

Calculations:

1. Area of a rectangle = L x B
= 2,4 m x 1,3 m
= 3,12 m2

2. Area of a square = S2
= (3,12 cm)2
= 9,73 cm2

3. Area of as triangle = 0,5 x b x h

= 0,5 x (150 ÷ 10 cm) x 23 cm Convert to the same units
= 173 cm2

4. Area of a circle = πr2

= 3,14 x (10cm)2
= 314 cm2
Surface Area
• Surface Area refers to the total area of all of the surfaces of a three-dimensional object.
• The units of surface area are the same as area:
➢ mm2
➢ cm2
➢ m2
So, to Calculate the total surface area you simply need to figure out which figures were used to construct
the 3D figure.
YOU DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THE FORMULA OFF BY HEART, but you do need to know
how to use it when facing a problem.

Calculating surface Area:

Calculate the surface area of the following containers (not drawn to scale)
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Answers:
Figure 1
SA = 2(Length x width) + 2(width x height) + 2(height x Length)
= 2(10mm x 5mm) + 2(5mm x 20mm) + 2 (20mm x 10mm)
= 700 mm2
 Figure 2
Important: always use 𝝅 = 3,142
SA = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟 × ℎ
= 2 x 3,142 x (0,2𝑚)2 + 2 x 3,142 x 0,2m x 0,5m
= 2411,99 m2
Figure 3
This figure consists of two similar triangles, a “base” that is a rectangle and two sides that are similar
rectangles.
The Surface area can be found by adding the area of all the sides:
1
SA = 2 (2 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) + (𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ × 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ) + 2 (𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ × 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ)
1
=2 (2 4𝑐𝑚 × 3𝑐𝑚) + (8𝑐𝑚 × 4𝑐𝑚) + 2 (8𝑐𝑚 × 3,5𝑐𝑚)

= 12 cm2 +32 cm2 +56 cm2

=100 cm2
Can you find the same answer by using a different method? That is OK!

Remember – if a specific formula is needs to be used it will be given to you .

Alternatively, use your logical thinking.

Volume/capacity
Volume refers to:
• the amount of space inside a hollow 3-dimensional object (or the amount that can fit inside a 3-
dimensional hollow object);
• the amount of space that a solid 3- dimensional object takes up.

Capacity refers to the amount of fluids in a container and is measured in milliliters and liters in the metric
system.

Volume is always displayed in cubic units

 ➢ mm3
➢ cm3
➢ m3

Importantly volume values are most commonly calculated in cubic units such as mm3, cm3 or m3, but
volume values are more commonly measured in liquid measures of millilitres or litres. As such, a method
for converting from cubic units to liquid measures is also required for volume.

The information below shows some common conversion ratios for volume:

• 1 m3 can hold 1 000 ℓ (i.e. a square hole with dimensions 1 m × 1 m × 1 m will hold 1 000 ℓ of
water.)

• 1 cm3 = 1 mℓ (i.e. a square hole with dimensions 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm will hold 1 mℓ of water.)

The following formula are regularly used when calculating volume

Alternatively, you can use the method:

volume = area of the base x height

Calculating Volume:
Calculate the volume of the following figures:
 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Answers:
Figure 1
Vol = Length x width x height
= 20mm x 10mm x 5mm
= 1000 mm3
Figure 2
Vol = 𝜋𝑟 2 x h
= 3,142 x (0,2m)2 x 0,5m
= 0,06284
≈ 0,06m3
Figure 3
1
Vol = 2 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒
1
=2 × 𝑏 × ℎ × 𝐻
1
= 2 × 4𝑐𝑚 × 3𝑐𝑚 × 8 𝑐𝑚
= 48 cm3

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT 1. The 3-D picture below shows the dimensions of a bedroom in a house. The owners of the house want to
paint the room, but are not sure how many m2 of wall they need to cover.
Calculate the total surface area of wall space that will be painted.
2. Greg, the grounds man at the Super Star Hockey Club, is asked to repaint the lines on the hockey field.

a. Calculate the perimeter of the hockey field. (𝑃 = 2(𝑙 + 𝑏))

b. Calculate the perimeter of the D (semi-circle that marks the goal scoring area). Use
the formula 𝑃 (𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒) = 𝜋𝑟.
c. What is the total length of the lines he must paint for one field?

2. The Ngobeni family uses 𝑥 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 of water per day. Use the given information to answer the
following questions: The Ngobeni family uses 3850 𝑚𝑙 of water per day for cooking and drinking,
90 𝑙 per day for bathing, 105 𝑙 per day in the shower, they wash dishes in the sink which uses 3100
 𝑚𝑙, they run two loads of washing which uses 70 𝑙 of water per load, and they use 76 𝑙 to flush the
toilet. 1 𝐾𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒 = 1000 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
a. How many litres of water do the Ngobeni family use per day?
b. How many litres of water are used when one person showers, if 3 people shower per day.
c. How many litres of water did the family use in the month of March? (assume they used the
same amount of water every day)
d. If the family pay 𝑅 5.56 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐾𝑙 of water used, how much do they pay in March?

3. Allison needs to bake cookies for her son’s crèche. She finds a recipe for cookies. She needs to
calculate the volume of 1 cookie so that she knows what size container she can use. Each cookie is
shaped like a flat cylinder. She measures a cookie and finds that it has these dimensions: diameter =
80 mm; height = 7 mm.

a) Calculate the volume of 1 biscuit, to one whole number.

b) Calculate the volume of 50 biscuits.
c) Would a container with a volume of 700 cm3 hold the biscuits? Explain.

Solutions:
1. Area of back wall = 3,5m x 2, 4m = 8,4m2

Area of side wall without a window = 2,4m x 2,8m = 6,72m2

Area of side wall with a window = total area of wall – area of window
= (2,8m ×2,4m) – (0,7m ×1.3m)
= 6,72m2 – 0,91m2
=5,81m2

Area of front wall with door = total area of wall – area of door
= (3,5m x 2,4m) – (2,2m x 0,8m)
= 8,4m2 – 1,76m2
= 6,64m
Total area to be painted = 8,4 m2 + 6,72 m2 + 5,81 m2 + 6,64 m2 = 27,57 m2
 2. a) P = 2(l +b)
=2 (92 m + 55 m)
= 294 m
b) P = 𝜋r
= 3,142 ×14,63 m
= 45,97 m
c) Total length to be painted = (55 m×5) + (2 × 92 m) + (2 ×45,9 m)
= 550,94 m

3850 3100
3. a) 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = + 90𝑙 + 105𝑙 + 1000 + (70 × 2) + 76𝑙
1000
= 3,85 + 90 + 105 + 3,1 + 140 + 76
= 417,95 liters
105𝑙
b) = 35𝑙
3
c) 417,95liters × 31 = 12956 liters
12956𝑙
d) × 𝑅5,56 = 𝑅72,04
1000

4. a) Vol = 𝜋𝑟 2 × ℎ
= 3,142 ×402 × 7 𝑚𝑚
= 35190,40 mm3
= 35190 mm3

b) 35190 mm3 ×50 = 1759500 mm3

***
c) CONVERSION
1759500 mm3 ÷10÷10÷10 = 1759,50 cm2
No, the container will not be big enough
CONSOLIDATION • By now you should be quite familiar with the work covered in this lesson.
• Just a few reminders
1. Always convert units to the desired (and same) units before starting calculations
2. You do not need to know formulas off by heart, but you need to be able to use them in any
context.
3. Always show all calculations as it makes giving follow-up marks easier for the marker
4. Always indicate units throughout your sum -especially at your final answer