Tutorial Sheets

Tutorial Sheet 01

Q. 1. Find the energy of a neutron in eV whose de-Broglie wave length is 1 Å.

Q. 2. An enclosure filled with Helium is heated to 400 K. A beam of helium atom emerges out of the
enclosure. Calculate de- Broglie wavelength corresponding to the He atom. Mass of He atom is
6.7 x 10-27 Kg.
Q. 3. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of  particle accelerated through a potential difference
2000V.
Q.4. Find the de-Broglie wavelength of the particle having energy 1MeV if particle is photon, electron
and proton.
Q.5. A proton is moving with a speed of 2 × 108 m/s. Find the wavelength of the matter wave
associated with it.

Tutorial Sheet 02

Q1. Find normalized wave function of  (x) = eicx in the region -a  x  a .

Q.2. (a). An electron lies in between the two walls of infinite height. The distance between the walls is
2.5 x 10-10 m. Calculate the three possible quantum energies of the electron?
(b). Find the energy difference for a ball of 10 gm moving freely in a box of length 10 cm.
Q.3. (a). A body at 1500 K emits maximum energy at a wavelength 20,000 Å. If the sun emits
maximum energy at wavelength 5500 Å, what would be the temperature of the sun?
(b). Find the quantity of energy radiated from 1 cm2 of a surface in one second by a black body if
the maximum energy density corresponds to a wavelength of 4840 Å. (Wien’s constant b =
2.9x10-3 m-K and Stefan’s constant is 5.67x10-8 Wm2K-4 )
2𝜋𝑆
Q.4. (a). The phase velocity of ripples on a liquid surface is √ , where S is the surface tension and 𝜌
𝜌𝜆
the density of the liquid. Find the group velocity of the ripples.
(b). Consider a beam of 54 eV electrons directed at a nickel target. The potential energy of an
electron that enters the target changes by 26 eV. Calculate the electron speeds outside and inside
the target and also compare the respective de-Broglie wavelengths.
Q.5. X ray with λ = 1Ǻ are scattered from a carbon block, the scattered radiation is viewed at 90 0 to
the incident beam. Find the Compton shift and the kinetic energy imparted to the recoiling electron.

Tutorial Sheet 03

Q 1. (a) From the sun energy received on the surface of the earth is found to be 1.33 kW/m 2. Find the
electric field associated with sun’s light as received on the earth surface. Assume sun’s light to be
monochromatic.
(b) Calculate Poynting vector and amplitude of the electric field if a laser beam of 500 W is concentrated
on a cross section area 1010 m2.
Q 2. If earth receives 2 Cal min-1 cm-2 solar energy, what are the amplitude of electric and magnetic
field of radiation?
Q 3. Assuming all the energy from a 1000-Watt lamp is radiated uniformly; calculate the average
value of the intensities of electric and magnetic field of radiation at a distance of 2m from the lamp.
Q 4. For sea water,  = o,  = 70 o & Conductivity  = 5 S/m. Find skin depth and attenuation
constant for sea water.
Q 5. Find skin depth  at a frequency of 3 x 106 Hz in Aluminum (Al) where  = 38 x 106 S/m &r =1.
 Tutorial Sheet 04

Q: 1 Two glass enclosed a wedge-shaped air film, touching at one edge and are separated by a wire of
0.05 mm diameter at a distance of 15 cm. from the edge. Determine the fringe-width.
Monochromatic light of λ = 6000 Å from a source fall normally on the film.
Q: 2 Light of wavelength 5893 Å is reflected at nearly normal incidence from a soap film of refractive
index 1.42. What is the least thickness of the film that will appear? (i) Black (ii) Bright.
Q.3. Two plane glass surfaces in contact along one edge are separated at the opposite edge by a thin
wire. If 20 fringes are observed between those edges in sodium light for normal incidence, what is
the thickness of wedge?
Q:4. Interference fringes are produced by monochromatic light falling normally on a wedge – shaped
film of cellophane whose refractive index in 1.4. The angle of wedge is 20 sec and the distance
between successive fringes is 0.2 cm. Calculate the wavelength of light.
4
Q.5. A thin film of soap solution is illuminated by white light at an angle of incidence sin−1 (5). In
reflected light, two dark consecutive overlapping fringes are observed corresponding to
wavelength 6100 Å and 6000 Å respectively. If the refractive index of film is 4/3, calculate its
thickness.

Tutorial Sheet 05

Q: 1. Newton’s rings are observed in reflected light of wavelength 5900 Å. The diameter of 10 th dark
ring is 0.5 cm. Find the radius of curvature of the lens and thickness of air film.
Q: 2. In Newton’s rings experiment, the diameter of the 15th ring was found to be 0.590 cm. and that of
the 5th ring was 0.336 cm. If radius of the Plano convex lens is 100 cm. compute the wavelength
of the light used.
Q.3. Newton’s rings are formed in reflected light of wavelength 6000 Å with a liquid in between plane
and curved surfaces. If the diameter of sixth bright ring be 3.1 mm and the radius of curvature of
the curved surface be 1m, calculate the refractive index of liquid.
Q.4. In Newton’s rings experiment the diameters of 4th and 12th dark rings are 0.400 cm and 0.700 cm
respectively. Deduce the diameter of 20th dark ring.
Q.5. Interference pattern in Newton’s ring experiment with a light source emitting two wavelengths
4500 Å and 6000 Å is created. It is observed that (n+1)th dark ring due to 4500 Å coincides with
the nth dark ring due to 6000 Å light. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is 90 cm.
Calculate the value of n.

Tutorial Sheet 06

Q 1. Calculate the wavelength of light whose first diffraction maximum in the diffraction pattern due
to a single slit fall at θ = 30o and coincides with the first minimum for red light of wavelength
6500 Å?
Q.2. Find the minimum number of lines in a plane diffraction grating required to just resolve the
sodium doublet (5890 Å & 5896 Å) in the (i) first order (ii) Second order.
Q 3. Calculate the least width that a grating must have to resolve the components of sodium D-lines in
the second order. The grating having 1000 lines per cm. The wavelength of the components of
Sodium lines is 5890 Å and 5896 Å respectively.
Q 4. How many orders will be visible if the wavelength of incident radiation is 5000 Å and the No. of
lines in the grating is 2620 to an inch?
Q 5. A grating is used for normal incidence given that a line λ1 = 6000 Å in a certain order lies on
another line of wavelength 4800 Å of next higher order. If the angle of diffraction is 180 then how
many lines are ruled on the grating surface?

Tutorial Sheet 07

Q 1. Find the intensity of laser beam of 10 mW power and having a diameter of 1.3 mm. Assume the
intensity to be uniform across the beam.
Q 2. Find the ratio of population of the two states in a He-Ne laser that produces light of wavelength
6328 Å at 27 0C. (Given that k : Boltzmann constant is 8.61 10-5eV/ K.).
Q 3. A laser beam having a wavelength of 8000 Å and aperture 0.5 cm is sent to moon. Calculate (i)
Angular spread of the beam (ii) areal spread of the beam when it reached to moon. (Given:
distance of moon from earth = 4 x 108 m).
Q 4. (a) In a ruby laser total numbers of chromium ions in excited state are 2.8×1019. If the laser emits
radiations of 7000 Å, Calculate energy of laser pulse.
(b) A laser source of wavelength λ= 6500 Å, coherence width 5 mm and power 50mW shines on
a surface 100 m away. Deduce (i) the angular spread (ii) areal spread, and (iii) illumination.
Q 5. The coherence length for Sodium light is 2.945×10-2 m. The wavelength of Na light is 5890 Å.
Calculate – (i) Number of oscillations corresponding to the coherence length (ii) Coherence time.

Tutorial Sheet 08

Q 1. Calculate the numerical aperture, acceptance angle and critical angle of a fibre having core refractive
index = 1.50 and cladding refractive index = 1.45
Q 2. A glass clad fiber is made with the core glass of refractive index 1.5 and the cladding is doped to
give a fractional index difference of 0.0005. Determine (i) the cladding index (ii) the critical internal
reflection angle (iii) the external critical acceptance angle (iv) the numerical aperture.
Q 3. A step index fiber in air has a NA of 0.16, core refractive index of 1.45 and a core diameter of 60
cm. Determine the normalized frequency for the fiber when light at a wavelength of 0.9 μm is
transmitted?
Q 4 (a) A step index fiber is made with a core of refractive index 1.52, a diameter of 29 μm and
fractional difference index of 0.007. It is operated at a wavelength of 1.3 μm find (i) the fiber V
number (ii) the no. of modes the fiber will support.
(b) Calculate the maximum radius allowed for a fiber having core refractive index = 1.47 and
cladding refractive index = 1.46. Fiber has a support of only one mode at a wavelength 1300 nm?
Q 5. (a) The optical power, after propagating through a fiber that is 500 m long is reduced to 25% of its
original value. Calculate the fiber loss in dB/km.
(b) A communication system uses a 10 km fiber having a loss of 2.5 dB/km. Compute the output
power if the input power is 500µW.

Tutorial Sheet 09

Q.1 Lead in superconducting state has critical temperature of 6.2 K at zero magnetic field and a
critical magnetic field of 8.5 T at 0 K. Determine the critical field at 4.2 K.
Q.2 For a specimen of V3Ga, the critical fields are respectively 1.4 x 105 and 4.2 x 105 A/m for 14 K
and 13 K. Calculate the transition temperature and critical fields at 0 K and 4.2 K.
Q.3 Calculate the critical current which can flow through a long thin superconducting wire of
diameter 10-3 m. Given Hc = 7.9 x 103 A/m.
Q.4 Calculate the critical current density for 1 mm diameter wire of lead at 4.2 K and 7 K. Given Tc for
lead = 7.18 K and Hc for lead = 6.5 x 104 A/m.
Q.5. The critical temperature Tc for Hg with isotopic mass 199.5 is 4.185 K. Calculate its Tc when its
isotopic mass changes to 203.4

Tutorial Sheet 10

Q.1 Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength associated with nitrogen at 3 atm pressure and 270C. Mass of
nitrogen = 4.65 x 10-26 kg.
Q.2 A particle confined to move along x-axis has the wave function Ψ = ax between x = 0 and x = 1
and Ψ = 0 elsewhere. Find the probability that particle can be found between x = 0.35 and x =
0.45.
Q.3. A film of refractive index μ is illuminated by white light at an angle of incidence i. In reflected
light two consecutive bright fringes of wavelengths λ1 and λ2 are found overlapping. Obtain an
expression for thickness of film.
Q.4 A step index fibre has core and cladding refractive indices 1.466 and 1.460 respectively. If the
wavelength of the light 0.85 μm is propagated through the fibre of core diameter 50 μm, find the
normalized frequency and number of modes supported by the fibre.
Q.5. Find the characteristic impedance relation between E and H.

Physical constant
1. Velocity of light = 3 × 108 m/s
2. Charge of proton or electron = 1.6 × 10-19 C
3. Planck constant h = 6.625 × 10-34 J-s
4. Mass of electron =9.1 × 10-31 kg
5. Mass of proton =1.6725 ×10-27 kg
6. Mass of neutron mn = 1.6748×10-27 Kg
7. Mass of alpha particle = 4 × mass of proton = 6.64 x 10-27 kg
8. Gravitational Constant= 6.67 × 10 –11 N-m2/kg2
9. Boltzmann’s constant k= 1.38 × 10-23J/K
10. Stefan- Boltzmann’s constant  = 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2K4
11. Bohr’s magneton B = 9.2732 x 10-24 J/Tesla
12. Permittivity o = 8.85 × 10-12 F/m
13. Permeability o = 4 × 10-7 H/m