A study on

Critical Analysis of Indian

Textile Industry

SUBMITTED BY

Bhavesh Saini
([Link] Hons. – Div & Roll No. H042)

Bachelor of Commerce (Hons.)

Semester VI

Academic year 2023-24

PROJECT GUIDE:
CA Swati Gupta

March, 2024

MITHIBAI COLLEGE OF ARTS,

CHAUHAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE &
AMRUTBEN JIVANLAL COLLEGE OF COMMERCE &
ECONOMICS (Autonomous)
VILE PARLE (W), MUMBAI 400056
 A study on Critical Analysis of Indian
Textile Industry

Bachelor of Commerce (Hons.)

Semester VI

Submitted
In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements
for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Commerce (Hons.)

By:
Bhavesh Saini
([Link] Hons. – Div & Roll No. H042)
 DECLARATION

I, Bhavesh Saini, a student of T.Y. [Link] (Hons.) Semester VI (2023- 2024)

hereby declare that I have completed the research project on Critical Analysis
of Indian Textile Industry.

The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge.

(Signature of Student)

Bhavesh Saini
Div & Roll no: H042
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Bhavesh Saini, Div & Roll no. H042 of [Link] (Hons.), Semester VI
(2023-2024) has successfully completed the project on A study on Critical Analysis of Indian
Textile Industry under the guidance of CA Swati Gupta.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

(CA Swati Gupta)

Principal
Prof. Krutika B. Desai

Seal of
the
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To list who all have helped me is difficult because they are so numerous and the depth is so
enormous.

I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels and fresh dimensions in the
completion of this project.

I am especially indebted to CA Swati Gupta who has been supportive of my career goals and who
worked actively to provide me with the correct guidance and time to pursue those goals.

I would like to thank my Principal- Prof. Krutika B. Desai, for providing the necessary facilities
required for the completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank our Program Director – CA Dr. Vijay Satra, for his moral
support and guidance.

I would also like to express my sincere gratitude towards my project guide- CA Swati Gupta whose
guidance and care made the project successful.

I would like to thank my college library for having provided various reference books and
magazines related to my project.

Lastly, I would like to thank each and every person who directly or indirectly helped me in the
completion of the project especially my parents and peers who supported me throughout my
project.
 Index

Sr.
No. Topic Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION 1 – 24

2 OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH STUDY 25

3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 26 – 38

4 SCOPE OF STUDY 39

5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 40

6 DATA ANALYSIS 41 - 78

7 SUGGESTIONS 79 - 82

8 CONCLUSION 83 - 84

9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 85 – 86
 Critical Analysis of Indian Textile Industry

Introduction:
Before delving into the world of the Textile Industry, it's important to understand what exactly
cloth is. Textile, in simple terms, refers to woven or knitted fabric made from yarn. However, it
encompasses more than just the fabric itself. It includes any product made from a combination of
fibers, yarn, or fabric. Textiles and clothing manufacturing are closely related industries. Fibre is
the basic component of textile and can be synthetic or natural.
The Indian textile sector is a vast and multifaceted industry, encompassing everything from
research and design to the manufacturing and distribution of textiles and garments. This industry
is unique for its extensive range from traditional handloom craftsmanship to modern, highly
automated processes. It involves various sub-sectors, including power loom, knitting, and
handicrafts, and works with a diverse array of materials such as synthetic fibers, cotton, silk, jute,
and wool. What distinguishes the Indian textile industry is its deep integration with agriculture and
the profound influence of the country's traditions and cultural heritage. India is recognized as the
world's largest consumer of jute, highlighting the significance of this industry within the nation.
India boasts a rich history of textile production and has been pivotal through various phases of its
development. Historically, India attracted foreign interest for its affluent textile tradition, earning
it the moniker of a "golden sparrow" among invaders. The industry has played a crucial role in
fostering inclusive growth amidst challenges like economic disparities and rapid population
increases. The textile sector has been a key employment generator, second only to agriculture,
aiding in the economic inclusion of numerous Indians. In fiscal year 2017-18, India's textile
exports were valued at approximately $39.2 billion, showcasing the industry's substantial
contribution to the economy. As a major player in the global textile market, India ranks as the
third-largest importer of cotton and the second-largest importer of textiles, also being the second-
largest consumer of cotton globally, following the US and China. This industry not only stands as
a pillar for job creation but also as a vital export entity, showcasing India's prowess on the
international stage. Despite its achievements, the Indian textile industry faces competition from
countries like Bangladesh, where lower labor costs pose a competitive challenge. Nevertheless,
the industry continues to uphold its cultural heritage across India, serving as a significant source
of livelihood from the northern to the southern and eastern to the western parts of the country, thus
maintaining its crucial role in the nation's economic fabric.
In India, the textile industry employs 45 million people directly and indirectly supports another
100 million jobs through ancillary industries, making it the second largest employer after
agriculture. The textile and apparel industry is a significant driver of the country's economy,
ranking second globally in textile and garment exports. India's textile exports made up $44.4
billion in the most recent fiscal year, or about 2.3% of the country's GDP, 13% of its industrial
production, and 12% of its total export earnings. India's share of the world market for clothing and
textiles is 4%. In addition, India is the world's second-largest consumer of fiber and a major
producer of silk, jute, and cotton. The textile sector is the second largest employer in India, behind

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agriculture, with 45 million direct jobs and an additional 100 million indirectly supported by
ancillary industries. The nation's economy is significantly influenced by the textile and apparel
sector, which ranks second in the world for textile and garment exports. In the latest fiscal year,
textile exports from India accounted for $44.4 billion, or roughly 2.3% of the nation's GDP, 13%
of its industrial production, and 12% of its total export revenue. India accounts for 4% of the global
textile and apparel market. Furthermore, India is a significant producer of cotton, jute, and silk and
the second-largest consumer of fiber worldwide.

PPE is expected to be manufactured by more than 600 certified Indian companies by 2025, with a
global demand of over $92.5 billion. This is a significant increase from $52.7 billion in 2019.
Many international apparel companies have set their sights on India, including Levi's, Marks &
Spencer, Zara, Promod, Benetton, Rieter, Trutzschler, Saurer, Zambiati, Bilsar, and Monti. India
surpassed the figures from the previous year by 52.6%, with clothing exports worth Rs 1.77 lakh
crore in the first seven months of 2021.
The Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks, the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme, and the
Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel Park Scheme are just a few of the initiatives the
government has put in place to promote private investment and increase job opportunities.

Industry Scenario
India's textile industry is a cornerstone of its rich cultural legacy, serving not only as a bridge
between communities but also as a key driver of economic activity. Despite its fragmented and
informal nature, this sector has evolved into a crucial element of every Indian state's economy.
This research aims to explore the impact of the textile industry on societal development and its
contribution to inclusive growth. By analyzing both primary and secondary sources, the study aims
to understand the industry's effectiveness in promoting inclusive progress. The results indicate that
although the industry encourages inclusivity and job creation, its scattered organizational structure
makes it less accountable in terms of social responsibility. As the oldest industry in the country,
the textile sector has been central to India's industrial growth. It significantly contributes to the
nation's manufacturing output, employment opportunities, and export earnings. India is the sixth-
largest exporter of textiles and garments worldwide, including various apparel, home textiles, and
unique products. Additionally, it ranks as the second-largest consumer of textile products and
garments globally.
India is a major player in the global textile and apparel trade, accounting for 4% of all trade in this
sector. It makes up 13% of India's industrial production, 12% of its export revenue, and 2.3% of
the country's GDP. 45 million people are employed in the industry, with 3.5 million of those in the
handloom sector. India's exports of clothing and textiles, including handicrafts, totaled $44.4
billion in the fiscal year 2022—a stunning 41% increase from the year before. Textile exports may
reach $65 billion by the fiscal year 2026, according to projections. With a predicted 10%
compound annual growth rate between 2025 and 2026, the domestic apparel and accessory market
is predicted to grow rapidly as well, possibly reaching $190 billion. In particular, it is predicted
that the apparel market will grow from an estimated $40 billion in 2020 to $135 billion by 2025.
With a budget of Rs. 10,683 crore ($1.44 billion), the government's PLI scheme is expected to

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greatly improve the textile sector. The goal of this program is to encourage the manufacturing of
textiles and clothing composed of synthetic fibers and specialty fabrics, encompassing ten different
categories.
With a market value of about $22 billion, India is the fifth-largest consumer of specialty fabrics
worldwide. Our objective is to attain $300 billion by the time we celebrate our centennial in 2047.
India has a strong presence in the textile and apparel industry across the entire value chain, from
yarns and fibers to fabrics and clothing. This is a very diverse industry that includes many different
sectors such as traditional handloom products, crafts, silk, hair, and organized textile
manufacturing.

The structured industry employs advanced technology for the large-scale production of textile
products, encompassing activities such as spinning, weaving, dyeing, and garment manufacturing.
Approximately 40 to 50 million individuals involved in sectors connected to cotton, including its
processing and trading, rely on it as their main source of revenue, in addition to the 6 million
farmers who cultivate cotton. Specialized textile product exports from India have grown rapidly,
and the country has continuously maintained a trade surplus. Actually, our specialized textile
product exports grew by 28.4% year over year, from $2.21 billion in 2020–21 to $2.85 billion in
2021–22.

• The Indian cotton industry achieved a significant milestone in the fiscal year 2021–2022,
surpassing a $44 billion valuation.
• India is world biggest consumer of cotton, using 39% of the world land area for cotton
production, the highest percentage of any country. About 6.5 million cotton farmers depend
heavily on this industry for their livelihoods.
• Additionally, India generated a significant quantity of raw jute, with 90 lakh bales being
produced in the same fiscal year.
• In 2022, the market for Indian clothing and textiles is projected to be worth approximately
$165 billion. $40 billion from exports and $125 billion from the home market make up this
demand.
• It is anticipated that demand in the industry will increase at a 10% compound annual growth
rate until it reaches $350 billion by 2030.

In the fiscal year 2022–2023 India's handicraft and textile industries brought in $36.68 billion in
export earnings. The nation exported $23.1 billion worth of fabric between April and November
of 2022. In the fiscal year 2022, the United States accounted for 27% of India's total export
value, making it the country's top market for textiles and apparel. During the same period, $6.19
billion worth of ready-made clothing, including cotton accessories, was exported. Additionally,
exports of 247 distinct textile products were valued at Rs. 5,946 crore ($715.48 million) during
the April–June 2023 quarter.

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4|Page
Elaboration of the Indian cloth sector
Before the 1990s:
• Mumbai saw the establishment of its first cotton cloth shop in 1854.
• Ahmedabad followed suit in 1861, emerging as a rival hub to Mumbai.

From 1901 to 2000:

• Between 1901 and 1945, there were 417 cloth factories, up from 178 in 1901.
• Following partition, 409 of India's 423 concentrated textile factories remained in India,
while 14 were transferred to Pakistan.
• The Technological Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) was established between 1999 and
facilitate quick access to funding for technological developments.
• To address issues of low productivity and structure, the Textile Mission for
Competitiveness (TMC) was established.
• The National Textile Policy (NTP) was unveiled between 2000 with goal of advancing the
fabric and apparel industries as a whole.

From 2000 to 2015:

• The imposition of the Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks (SITP) made easier for fabric
units to be established with the support systems they require.
• Cotton prices were in line with world prices following the Multi-Fiber Arrangement
(MFA).
• Specialized cloth industries became a new avenue for growth.
• A proposed agreement with the EU and a free trade agreement with ASEAN nations were
discussed.
• A redesigned TUFS was introduced, with a $420.65 million subsidy cap.

2016 Onwards
• To attract manufacturers and foreign direct investment (FDI), India launched a campaign.
• They have kept the Technology Mission for Technical Textile ongoing.
• They introduced the 'MITRA Park' program to develop seven advanced fabric facilities
with modern infrastructure, shared services, and research and development laboratories
within three years.

Advantage India:
1. Competitive Advantage
• India possesses ample supplies of various raw materials like cotton, hair, jute and silk.
• When it comes to labor costs and the availability of a skilled workforce, India has an
advantage over other major producers of textiles.
• The Minister of Commerce and Industry, Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution,
and Textiles, Mr. Piyush Goyal, stressed in July 2022 that India will become a well-known

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 global textile brand thanks to the 5 F's approach, which goes from farms to fiber to fabric
to fashion to foreign import.

2. Policy Support
• Through the automatic process, 100% of foreign direct investment (FDI) is permitted in
the Indian textile sector.
• The textile industry received a total allocation of Rs 4,389.24 crore (US $536.4 million) in
the Union Budget 2023–24.
• A Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme valued at Rs 4,445 crore (US$594.26 million)
was approved by the government in October 2021 with the aim of establishing seven large
textile complexes and improving textile manufacturing in the nation.
• July 2023, the SAMARTH scheme eliminated 43 outdated training centers and set a new
target of training approximately 75,000 beneficiaries. A total of 1,880 centers under
Samarth have trained these beneficiaries.

3. Adding Investments
• A number of programmes have helped to support India's textile sector and initiatives such
as SITP, TUFS, and MITRA Park scheme.
• Between April 2000 and June 2023, the industry saw a $4.31 billion infusion of foreign
direct investment.

4. Robust Demand
• By 2027, it's anticipated that India's need for specialty fabrics will total US$23.3 billion.
Higher disposable incomes and greater consumer awareness are the main drivers of this
growth.
• Driven by rising consumer demand, India's cotton production is expected to reach 7.2
million tonnes by 2030, or 43 million bales weighing 170 kg each.
• The total value of ready-made clothing exports, including accessories, in FY23 was $16.2
billion.

Key Facts
• A broad variety of fibers and yarns, including natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk, and wool
as well as synthetic fibers like polyester, viscose, nylon, and acrylic, are produced in large
quantities by India's textile industry.
• In terms of value, the textile sector produced 7% of the industry's total output in 2022.
• With 2% of the GDP, 12% of export revenue, and 5% of the world market for textiles and
clothing in 2022, the Indian textile and apparel sector significantly boosted the nation's
economy.

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 Important textile industry segments

Textile Industry Departments:

Now let's take a quick look at the various textile industry departments –

Spinning
The process of turning natural or synthetic fibers into yarn is called spinning. There are several
stages in the spinning department, including the blow room, ring frame, simplex, drawing,
registering, and digging. The first stage is blow room, where cotton overload is transformed into a
consistent length through opening, cleaning, blending, or mixing. The next stage is registering,
which is considered the heart of spinning. Following that is drawing, where the fibers are
combined, doubled, leveled, and drafted. Then comes digging, which involves straightening and
aligning the fibers while removing short fibers and impurities. Simplex is the next stage, where
the fibers become roving and are downgraded and twisted slightly. The roving is finally turned
into yarn in the ring frame, where it is wound around bobbins and swiftly passed through several
sets of breakers.

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Worsted spun yarns are distinct from regular woolen yarns due to their longer fibers, typically
measuring 4 inches or more, which are selected for further processing. By combing and twisting
the fibers, they become carded and trolled, resulting in enhanced strength, fineness, and
smoothness. Worsted yarns are primarily employed in weaving due to their ability to withstand the
demanding weaving process and yield a sleek woven fabric.
The subsequent stages involve the spinning of worsted spun yarn:

• Blending
To ensure consistency in the yarn and fabric, multiple bales of hair are combined during the
blending process. This creates a homogeneous mixture and allows for uniformity in the yarn. The
bales are opened simultaneously, and the filaments are transferred to a blending caddy. The caddy
is equipped with a wimp table that tears through the bales, and compressed air is used to mix the
filaments slightly.

• Carding
The mechanical process of carding blends, cleans, and untangles the filaments. It involves dividing
and redividing the filaments to create a thin and consistent layer of fiber called a lay. The lay then
compacts into a splinter, which is a continuous fiber web. As this stage marks the beginning of the
spinning process, as the splinters will be further drawn out to form yarn.

• Digging
During the digging stage, shorter fibers (less than 4 inches in length) are separated using rotating
rings or a linear arrangement of sword legs. The woolen system does not require the retention of
long filaments, as they are not necessary for further processing. The shorter filaments that are
removed, known as noils, are instead used as decorative additions in the spinning process.

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 • Gilling
The carded hair is also subjected to the gilling and combing process. This helps to further remove
any shorter filaments and align the longer ones (top) as closely as possible. It also aids in the
removal of any impurities left during carding. The aligned filaments in the top yield are
straightened and positioned similarly to one another. This process also facilitates the blending of
the filaments and improves consistency throughout the pack.

• Drawing
The gilling machine can also be used for this step. In order to make yarn, the filaments are
compressed into a more streamlined shape in this instance. For the gilling machine drawing
process, only the machine settings need to be changed. There may be one or more drawing
processes used, depending on the yarn's conditions.

• Ranging
Reducing the splinter to a size appropriate for spinning is the aim of the ranging operation. Quick
motion helps to thin the fiber so that it is prepared for spinning. To precisely ascertain the necessary
viscosity, a small amount of twist is also added during the roving process. The roving is then
wound onto a bobbin of varying sizes.

• Rotation
Following the act of acquiring without permission, the roaming spools are introduced into the
circular apparatus where the tangled hair is further elongated into thread. In this procedure, a small
amount of twist is incorporated to reinforce the thread and aid in the outlining process. The thread
is also wound onto circular spools for additional winding.

• Coiling
The circular spinning spools have a small size due to the limitations of the machine. For subsequent
processes, a larger package is necessary to enhance productivity. However, constantly replacing
these small circular spools would decrease the efficiency of the machine. To address this issue, the
bus corner is utilized to create larger packages from the circular spools. Throughout this process,
imperfections in the thread such as lumps, thick areas, and thin spots are corrected by cutting and
joining at those points. Nowadays, the majority of factories have automatic cutting and joining
attachments on the autoconer.

• Consolidation coiling
The strength of a single thread is always lower than that of a double diagonal thread. When it
comes to the process of weaving, an underlying thread requires less strength, which a single
diagonal thread cannot provide. By doubling the yarn, we significantly increase its strength. In this
particular machine, we utilize the packages created in the autoconer. Two packages are combined
and doubled to create a double bias yarn.

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 • Wringing
To prevent the double yarn from unraveling, we do not twist it initially. However, there is a risk of
the yarns separating from each other without the twist. To address this, we use a Two For One
(TFO) machine that operates at a speed of 8000-10500 rpm, providing the necessary twist.

• Storming
After the twisting process, the twisted yarns are subjected to storming in an autoclave machine.
This machine is a heated vessel used for sterilization through steam. The yarn's twist is made
permanent by adjusting the steam and pressure, at which point the spool is prepared for weaving
or other uses. However, if the fibers require dyeing, the yarn is further processed through gilling
and recombing stages after dyeing. Additionally, if the fibers need to be painted, they are dyed at
the top stage. This process also aids in blending the dyed filaments.

Fabric Manufacturing
Different methods are employed in the manufacturing of fabric, with weaving and stitching being
widely utilized. Weaving, in particular, is the primary method used and is believed to have been
practiced even before spinning. It is likely that early humans observed the abundance of plant
fibers in bird nests and discovered how to create clothing for themselves. As time went on, basic
looms were developed, initially operated by hand. Even though they have evolved, modern looms
continue to fulfill the same function as the original hand-operated looms.
Department of weaving also consists of various sections, including winding, warping, sizing, and
brewing. Another commonly used method of fabric manufacturing is knitting. Knitting has become
increasingly popular due to the versatility of different techniques, the durability of new synthetic
fibers, and the growing demand from consumers. Nowadays, a vast array of products are made
from knitted fabrics, including hosiery, underwear, sweaters, pants, suits, and jackets.

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Wet Handling
In the wet handling department, various tasks such as desizing, combing, dulling, washing,
mercerizing, and dyeing are carried out. Eliminate the tools used for measuring. Combing is
performed to eliminate fats, oil, and wax using a substance called alkali. Bleaching is carried out
to remove the natural color of the fibers. Washing is conducted to cleanse the fabric material, while
mercerizing is done to enhance its brightness. Dyeing is performed to give the fabric a solid and
uniform color. The wet processing department uses a variety of equipment, including winch dyeing
machines, pad mangles, jets, jiggers, J-boxes, and Kier boilers.

Manufacturing of Garments
The process and techniques involved in producing garments on a large scale for business purposes
are known as garments manufacturing technology. There are three different kinds of garment
factories: knit, sweater, and woven factories. A woven garments plant produces garments from
woven fabrics, while a knit garments plant produces garments from knit fabrics. Sewing machines
are essential in garment production, but different types of sewing machines are used for specific
purposes.
Some popular sewing machine types that are used are

• Sewing machine for stitching

• Sewing machine for bar tacking
• Sewing machine for making buttonholes
• Sewing machine for attaching

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Opportunities:
Enormous potential for growth
• In September 2023, Shadowfax opened a massive 1.5 lakh square foot fulfillment center in
Surat, India, with the capacity to handle 10 lakh orders daily.
• The robust is projected that growth in the Indian textile sector will be supported by both
strong domestic and import demand.
• The textile and apparel sector is projected to have a $190 billion market value by FY26.

Production of silk
• Quantity of Raw Silk produced totaled 28,106 MT. A total of 44 research and development
projects were initiated, with 23 successfully completed. Training was provided to 9,777
individuals across various aspects of silk industry.
• Central Silk Board encourages growers and private organizations to cultivate silk by setting
production targets for raw silk. Partnerships with the private sector, particularly in pre-
cocoon and post-cocoon stages of production, are promoted to achieve these targets.
• In FY21, the total production of raw silk reached 33,000 MT.

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Mutual Relationships
• An agreement was signed in October 2021 by the Ministry of Textiles and GIZ (Deutsche
Gesellschaft fur International Zusammenarbeit) to carry out the 'Indo German Technical
Cooperation' initiative. The project's goal is to increase value addition in the nation's
sustainable cotton production industry.

Proposed FDI within multi-brand retail

• India's sugar exports are a sign of the two nations' growing relationship. The textile industry
will gain from the plan to increase foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail
since it will entice more participants and provide customers with additional choices. More
investment to be made along the whole supply chain, from agricultural products to finished
goods, as a result of this increase in FDI. Furthermore, the presence of international retail
brands in India will result in a significant increase in outsourcing.

Union Budget 2023- 2024:

• For the fiscal year 2023–24, government has allocated funds for a number of textile-related
projects in the Union Budget.
• The entire amount allotted to the Ministry of Fabrics is rupees 4,389.24 crore, or US$536.4
million.
• Furthermore, funds of Rs. 900 crore (US$109.99 million) have been designated for the
National Technical Textiles Mission, Rs. 60 crore (US$7.33 million) for the Integrated
Processing Development Scheme, and Rs. 450 crore (US$54.99 million) for the Amended
Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (ATUFS).

Centers of Excellence (CoE) dedicated to specialized training and exploration:

• The establishment of Centers of Excellence (CoE) will improve the textile industry's
capabilities. These centers of excellence will function as resource and training centers in
addition to testing and evaluation centers. In order to establish incubation centers and
facilitate the development of prototypes, four CoEs—BTRA for Geotech, SITRA for
Meditech, NITRA for Protech, and SASMIRA for Agrotech—will be [Link]
government will provide funding to appoint experts who will contribute to the development
of these facilities.

Foreign Financial Contribution:

• Government is arranging promotional trips to nations like Japan, Germany, Italy, and
France in an effort to actively seek foreign investment in textile industry.
• Objective of the recently proposed National Textile Policy Draft is to draw in foreign
capital and create employment opportunities for 35 million people.
• Henry & Smith, an online clothing brand, received funding of US$ 1 million in December
2019 from WEH Gambles and Rukam Capital.

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 • India has the potential to become the go-to sourcing location for companies from the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), owing to the plethora of investment
opportunities available to textile manufacturing firms from the 10-nation bloc.

Specialized cloth industry: A flourishing field of opportunity

• Agrotech, Meditech, Mobiltech, Packtech, Sportech, Buildtech, Clothtech, Hometech,
Protech, Geotech, Oekotech, and Indutech are the twelve groups into which specialized
fabrics have been divided.
• Seatbelts, strong adhesive tapes, thermal protection and blood-absorbing materials are
among the main products offered by the specialty cloth industry. This industry is primarily
driven by the construction and healthcare sectors.
• The government of India has assigned 207 Harmonized System titles (HSN) to support the
country's specialized cloth industry. As of November 2021, 377 specialized cloth products
met Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) requirements.
• National Technical Textile Mission (NTTM) has approved 74 research proposals worth
$28.27 million (Rs. 232 crore) in the field of technical fibers and specialized cloth.
Additionally, 31 new HSN codes have been developed.
• The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International School of Fabrics and Management
(SVPISTM) intends to launch MBA and [Link]. programs with a focus on fabrics in 2022–
2023.
• Starting January 1, 2022, manmade fabrics (MMF), MMF yarns, MMF fabrics, and
clothing have a consistent GST rate of 12%, as notified by the Indian government.
• The Minister of Fabrics, Commerce and Industry, Consumer Affairs & Food, and Public
Distribution, Mr. Piyush Goyal, stated in November 2021 that the goal for the next three
periods is to increase the import of specialized fabrics by three to five times, or $10 billion.
• The Indian technical textile market is the world's fifth largest for specialized fabrics, and it
has significant growth potential, with a projected growth rate of 10% and a penetration rate
of 9–10.
• A sum of Rs. 1,000 crore ($127.72 million) has been set aside by the Indian government
expressly for the purpose of conducting research and development in the specialty fabrics
industry.
• Government has introduced six new courses in specialized fabrics as part of its skill
development program called Samarth.
• From April to June (2023-24), exports of 247 different specialized fabric items amounted
to Rs. 5,946 crore ($715.48 million).

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Exporters gaining from strong global demand
• India, the second-largest textile exporter in the world, has a significant competitive
advantage in the market thanks to its effective production methods. Indian textile exporters
have been able to outperform their international counterparts thanks to this advantage. The
total value of textile exports during the April 2022–March 2023 period was $36.68 billion.
• Furthermore, the Indian market is expected to be worth $9.71 million in 2022 for medical
textiles, particularly drapes and gowns. By 2027, it is expected to have grown at a 15%
annual rate and reach $22.45 million.
• Additionally, it is anticipated that the Indian composites market will grow at a compound
annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.3% from 2021 to 2026, reaching a valuation of $1.9
billion. Consumption of composite materials in India is set to reach 768,200 tonnes in 2027.
• The amount of textiles exported reached $44.4 billion in the fiscal year 2022, representing
a remarkable 41% year-on-year growth. Looking ahead, Africa and Latin America are
likely to emerge as key markets for Indian textiles in the next decade.
• In April 2022, Mr. Piyush Goyal, the Minister of Commerce and Industry, Consumer
Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, and Textiles, declared that India's textile industry
would have limitless prospects thanks to new trade and economic agreements with
Australia and the United Arab Emirates.
• He confidently stated that Indian textile exports would soon be welcomed without any duty
by Europe, Canada, the UK, and GCC countries.

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Important Indian Textile Production Hubs
• Rajasthan
• Gujarat
• Maharashtra
• NCR
• West Bengal
• Madhya Pradesh
• Tamil Nadu
• Uttar Pradesh

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Historical Background of the Indian Textile Industry:
It has been demonstrated by archaeology studies and research that the people of the Harrapan
civilization were skilled spinners and weavers of cotton as early as 4,000 years ago. The Vedic
Literature also contains references to the production of textiles. India was involved in the textile
trade in antiquity, as shown by the finding of Gujarati cotton remnants in Egyptian tombs, which
suggests that Indian textiles were exported to Egypt in the Middle Ages.

Between 130 BCE and 1453 BCE, large amounts of silk from northern India were traded to the
western nations via the Silk Road. Spices were frequently exchanged for these Indian silks. In
addition to meeting domestic needs at Indian Weapons Factories, Indian cotton was shipped in
large quantities to western nations in the late 17th and early 18th centuries to satisfy the demands
of European industries during the Industrial Revolution.
Up until the eighteenth century, the Mughal Empire functioned as the primary hub for
manufacturing in international trade. Approximately 25% of the industrial goods produced
globally were produced in India until 1750. Bengal was a major player in the world textile trade
in the eighteenth century, especially in the manufacture of cotton textiles. The region, with its
capital city of Dhaka at the center, was renowned for its cotton manufacturing. These fabrics,
including calicos and muslins, were available in various colors and unbleached versions. Bengal's
cotton textiles were highly sought after and widely exported to different parts of the world, from
the Americas to Japan. In actuality, they made up the majority of the manufactured goods traded
internationally at the time.

It is impossible to overestimate the textile industry's economic significance in pre-colonial India.

It was a major source of income, with the hand-loom and spinning-wheel employing numerous
spinners and weavers. This industry formed the backbone of the society's structure, as noted by
Karl Marx in 1853. With over half of the textiles and about 80% of the silks that the Dutch imported
from Asia, Bengal dominated the global textile trade. Although Dhaka's muslin fabrics—also
referred to as "daka" fabrics in Central Asia—were highly valued there, Bengali silk and cotton
fabrics were exported extensively to Europe, Asia, and Japan. Indian goods were sold in the
Atlantic Ocean as well as the Indian Ocean for centuries, dominating both trade routes. They
controlled a sizeable 38% of the trade with West Africa at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Bengali textiles accounted for thirty percent of all British trade with Southern Europe during that
time, with Bengal calicos having a significant impact on European buyers.
Products made from silk and cotton from the Mughal Empire were highly sought after in early
modern Europe. For instance, European fashion started to depend more and more on imported silks
and textiles from the Mughal Realm. With the help of the East India Company (EIC), in the late
17th and early 18th centuries, 95% of the British imports from Asia came from the Mughal Empire.
British manufacturers started looking for cheap cotton sources after slavery was outlawed in the
British Empire, and they finally turned to the EIC's holdings in India. Following a long period of
government protectionism against the British textile industry, the EIC was able to convince a large
number of farmers to abandon subsistence farming in favor of producing and exporting large
amounts of cotton. Large-scale factory production eventually took the place of traditional artisanal

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textile production, which had gradually decreased due to colonization's advancements in marketing
and technology.
The nation's textile industry gets its raw materials from a variety of crops. India is a major
manufacturer of many kinds of fabrics, including synthetic materials like acrylic, thick, polyester,
and nylon, and natural materials like cotton, jute, silk, and fleece. It is the world's largest producer
of cotton and also contributes significantly to the production of jute, silk, and wool.

Let's examine some of the noteworthy typical materials made in India.

Cotton
With 22% of the global cotton crop, India is the leading producer in the world. India now grows
more cotton than any other country in the world, with over 11.7 million hectares under cultivation,
accounting for more than 37% of the total area grown. The total is 31.2 million hectares. India's
cotton industry employs about sixty million people. At the moment, India is the third-biggest
exporter of raw cotton worldwide, accounting for nearly 10.2% of total exports.

During the 2021-2022 period, India exported cotton to over 159 nations worldwide. India's top
cotton buyers from the beginning of 2021 to the end of February 2022 were China, Vietnam, and
Bangladesh, who made up 60% of all exports from India collectively.

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Gujarat holds the highest share of cotton production in India, with 35%, Maharashtra came next,
making up 21% of the nation's overall output. Known as the "Cotton Basket of India," the states
of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana produce about two thirds of the country's
cotton.

Jute
Jute industry is a long-standing and well-known sector of the financial system. With about 70% of
the world's jute production coming from it, it is world's largest producer. Most jute produced is
used in the country, as there is a significant demand in the local market.
Jute, often referred to as "The Brilliant Fiber of India," is primarily made up of cellulose and is
known for its strong and flexible nature. The industry employs around 350,000 people, including
those who rely on the various aspects of the jute industry. One estimate puts the amount of land
used for unprocessed jute cultivation at 800,000.

The two states in India that produce the most jute are West Bengal and Bihar. Approximately 45%
of the world's production of raw jute is contributed by Bihar, which now leads West Bengal in this

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regard. With 162,000 bales, West Bengal is in second place. Bihar and West Bengal together make
up 82% of the world's jute production.

Silk
One kind of protein fiber that can be woven into a variety of fabrics is silk. The Latin word
"siliqua," which meaning "silkworm," and the Old English word "sioloc" are the sources of the
word "silk." At first, silkworm cocoons were the only source of silk.

India has been producing silk for over 4,000 years, since the era of the Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
cities, according to records kept by Chinese traders. With a share of roughly 17% of the world's
production, it is the second-biggest producer of silk worldwide. China is the world's largest
producer of raw silk, accounting for about 74% of global production. About 9.76 million people
work in India's rural and semi-urban sericulture industry, which contributes significantly to the
nation's foreign exchange profits. There are 52,360 villages in India where sericulture operations
are carried out. Only India produces the five types of silk: mulberry, tropical Tasar, oak Tasar,
erei, and munga.

India continues to be a popular destination for silk and silk-related products. The top four importers
of silk are the Middle East Emirates, China, the UK, and Australia, representing, in turn, 10%, 8%,
4%, and 4% of all exports.

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With an average annual production of about 8400 metric tons, Karnataka is India's largest producer
of silk, followed by Andhra Pradesh with 5500 metric tons. Mysuru and North Bengaluru are
recognized as the "Silk City" due to their significant contributions to the silk industry in India.
Wool
Renewable and biodegradable, fleece is a highly valued fabric known for its warmth, softness, and
durability. Made from keratin, a water-repellent and flexible protein, fleece fabrics are resistant to
wrinkles, shrinking, and stretching. They maintain their texture and shape even after multiple
washings and wearings. Fleece is widely used to make blankets, clothing, and other items meant
to keep people warm because of its superior insulating qualities. With 74.26 million sheep, India
has the third-largest sheep population in the world. It is the ninth-largest fleece producer in the
world, contributing 3% of global fleece production. Three grades account for 85%, 5%, and 10%
of the total fleece production in the country: carpet grade, apparel grade, and coarser grade.
About 1.2 million people are employed in India's organized fleece sector, and an additional 2
million work in related industries. About 0.3 million people are employed in the carpet weaving
industry alone. The main goal of the fleece industry in India is exports; the most popular fleece
goods exported are carpets, knitwear, caps, fabrics, blankets, and ready-made clothes.

India exports a significant amount of woolen goods, with carpets being the primary contributor. In
fact, carpets make up approximately 80% of all wool products shipped out of India.

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With thirty percent of the nation's total wool production coming from one state, Rajasthan is the
biggest producer. After Rajasthan, the following states are significant producers of wool:
Telangana, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Andhra
Pradesh.

India is also well-known for producing other distinctive fibers like bamboo, ramie, and material.
In addition to these, India also produces a variety of specialty materials, including woven and
hand-woven textures as well as traditional Indian materials like dupattas and saris.

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The largest Indian textile industries:
India is home to a large number of businesses involved in the textile industry, which is strong and
diverse. India's textile industry is thriving, with over 1400 large textile companies and about 1.5
million small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

According to yearly revenue, some of the top textile companies in India are as
follows:

• Arvind Limited: Arvind Ltd is a well-known company in the textile sector that produces
a variety of fabrics, such as knits, woven textiles, and denim. The business has a track
record of creating fabrics of the highest caliber and has a significant presence in the Indian
textile industry.
• Raymond Limited: With a global reach, Raymond exports its goods to numerous nations.
The business is well-established in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and other international
markets. In the textile industry, Raymond has been at the forefront of innovation. The
company has made investments in cutting edge technologies to improve manufacturing
process efficiency and product quality.
• LNJ Bhilwara Group: It is a prominent Indian cloth manufacturer that holds a strong
position in both the local and global markets. The group's main office is in Rajasthan,
India's Bhilwara. Textiles are one of the main industries served by the LNJ Bhilwara Group.
With an emphasis on producing and exporting a broad range of goods, such as yarns,
fabrics, and clothing, the group is well-known in the textile industry.
• Reliance Industries Limited: Reliance has modern, technologically-advanced textile
manufacturing facilities that guarantee top-notch output. Synthetic and blended fabrics,
yarns, and other related products are just a few of the textile products that Reliance
Industries manufactures. The company serves both domestic and foreign markets by
producing a variety of fabrics, including polyester, viscose, and specialty fabrics.
• Aditya Birla Group: Many well-known fashion brands, including Van Heusen,
Pantaloons, Allen Solly, Peter England, and others, are owned and operated by the group.
ABFRL has a vast network of retail locations that serve a variety of consumer
demographics and tastes. It influences across various industries, including textiles. Brands
like Grasim, VSF, and Birla Century contribute significantly to their presence in the textile
sector.
• Bombay Dyeing: Bombay Dyeing is well-known for producing a wide variety of textile
goods, such as towels, bed linens, furniture, and ready-made clothing. The business serves
both the domestic and foreign markets. Modern manufacturing facilities with cutting-edge
machinery and technology are available at Bombay Dyeing. The organization places a
strong emphasis on upholding strict quality controls in its production procedures.
• Trident Limited: A major participant in the textile sector, Trident Ltd. manufactures a
range of textile products for the home, including bath and bed linens as well as decorative
accents. The company's textile manufacturing processes are designed to maintain high
quality and compliance with international standards.

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Objective of Research Study
To comprehend, examine, and evaluate India's textile sector.

Concise statements outlining the goal of the exploration serve as research objects. They keep the
exploration focused and establish its compass and direction. The objects should be SMART -
Specific,

Measurable,
Attainable,
Realistic and
Time- bound
The ideal of a study outlines the specific pretensions or purposes that the experimenter aims to
achieve through their disquisition. It acts as a concise declaration of the issues the study seeks to
address, directing the investigation and establishing the investigation's direction.
Examining cloth assiduity via the lenses of inclusive growth and social responsibility is the
primary goal of the investigation. It investigates how the textile sector can uphold its social
responsibility while promoting inclusive development.

• To assess the size, GDP contribution, and employment generation of the Indian textile
industry as it stands today.

• To assess the market structure by determining the market shares of important companies,
both big and small.

• To evaluate the dynamics of supply and demand while investigating the variables affecting
consumer behavior, pricing, and market trends.

• To analyze the value chain of the textile industry, from raw materials to completed goods,
in order to comprehend the problems and contributions at each level.

• To evaluate the Indian textile sector in comparison to its international rivals, taking into
account aspects like innovation, cost competitiveness, and technology adoption.

• To assess the laws, regulations, and trade and tax policies that the government imposes on
the textile industry.

• To look into the sector's initiatives to implement sustainable practices, such as

environmentally friendly production methods and ethical raw material procurement.

• To evaluate the industry's impact on regional growth, employment creation, and skill
development in relation to social and economic development.

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Review Of Literature
a) R. Nandhakumar and Dr. R. Magesh -
In their study, Nandhakumar and Magesh (2017) conducted a comprehensive analysis of the textile
and apparel industry in India. They explored various factors such as market size, investments,
government initiatives, and key export markets. The authors concluded that the textile and clothing
sector in India is experiencing significant expansion, supported by government measures such as
the establishment of an integrated textile park, a technology fund for advancement, and the
allowance of 100% foreign direct investment.

ABSTRACT:
India's textile sector boasts a deep-rooted history, extending over 5,000 years, with
archaeological discoveries underscoring its once dominant position in producing superior textiles
for the international market. Today, it stands as the second biggest source of employment in the
country, providing jobs to approximately 51 million people directly and another 68 million
indirectly across both the formal and informal segments. The industry is bifurcated into two main
segments: the unorganized sector, which includes small-scale operations like sericulture,
handloom, and handicrafts, relying on traditional methods and equipment; and the organized
sector, which encompasses modern manufacturing processes in spinning, apparel, and garment
production, benefiting from scale efficiencies and advanced technologies. Indian textiles, known
for their rich diversity in materials, patterns, and colors, reflect the country's vibrant cultural
heritage. Spanning a wide range of activities from high-tech and capital-intensive processes in
the formal sector to traditional crafts in the informal sector, the textile industry is among India's
oldest. Notably, India ranks as the world’s second-largest producer of both cotton and silk. This
piece delves into the current landscape of India's textile and garment industry, reviews
government initiatives aimed at boosting the sector, and assesses its future outlook.

Keywords:
Market size, exports, employment, economic development, and expansion of the textile and
clothing sector in India.

Need For Study:

Studying the Indian textile and apparel sector is important because of its long history of expert
craftsmanship and widespread appeal. Indian textiles such as cotton, silk, and denim are in great
demand abroad, and the country's growing fashion industry has helped Indian designers succeed
in major fashion centers worldwide. Having one of the largest manufacturing and raw material
bases in the world, this industry is highly significant. At US$ 8.307 billion, unstitched clothing
makes up the majority of the country's current textile industry, which is estimated to be worth US$
33.23 billion. Not only does this industry contribute significantly to the economy, but it also plays
a vital role in both domestic production and exports. As a matter of fact, it represents an astounding
14 percent of the nation's total industrial production and 4.78 percent of its total export revenue in

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2013–14. Given that livelihoods of over 100 million people and the nation's development are
dependent on this sector, it is crucial to closely monitor its performance in the future.

Literature Review:
The several articles on the Indian textile business were examined, along with their respective
performances. The extracts come from a number of sources, such as the Department of Policy &
Industrial Promotion, the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), the Achievement Report from
the Ministry of Textiles in November 2016, and the article on the Indian apparel industry on the
Indian Trade Portal.

The Indian Textile and Apparel Industry's Performance:

1) Market Proportions:
By 2020, the estimated $120 billion Indian textile industry is expected to grow to $230 billion. It
makes up about 14% of the total Index of Industrial Production and 4% of India's GDP. In 2016–
17, sales of Indian khadi products increased by 33% year over year to Rs 2,005 crore; in 2018–19,
sales are predicted to surpass the Rs 5,000 crore target.

Because of increased prices and better crop yields, it is anticipated that India's cotton cultivation
area will increase by 7% to 11.3 million hectares in 2017–18.

From 2013 to 2016, the retail and lifestyle product exports from India grew at a compound annual
growth rate of 10%. Products related to bedding, bath, home decor, and textiles were the most
popular categories.

For 2017–18, the Indian government wants to export $45 billion worth of goods in the textile and
apparel industry. There are lots of job opportunities in this industry, especially in rural areas.

Approximately 10% of India's manufacturing output, 5% of the country's GDP, and 13% of its
export revenue come from the textile and apparel sector. In India, this industry employs the second-
highest number of people, with 51 million jobs directly and 68 million jobs indirectly generated in
2015–16.

2) Investments:
Investment in the textile sector has increased significantly over the last five years. Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) totaling US$ 2.47 billion was received by the industry, which includes printed
and dyed textiles, between April 2000 and March 2017.
These are a few noteworthy investments made in the textile sector in India:
• Future Group plans to launch 80 more outlets under the Fashion at Big Bazaar (FBB) low-
cost fashion brand. By March 2018, they hope to have sold 230 million garments, and by
2021, they expect to have sold 800 million.

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 • Raymond and the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) have partnered to sell
ready-to-wear clothing and fabric bearing the Khadi brand in KVIC and Raymond stores
across India.
• Over the course of the next four years, Max Fashion, a division of the Dubai-based
Landmark Group, intends to invest Rs 400 crore (US$ 60 million) in order to expand its
sales network to 400 stores in 120 cities.

3) Government Initiatives:
The textiles sector in India has been the focus of various export promotion policies implemented
by the government. Furthermore, the sector is now open to 100% foreign direct investment (FDI)
through the automatic route, thanks to an approval from the Indian government.
Further support and boost the textiles industry, the Union Budget 2017-18 introduced several key
initiatives.
• To encourage new entrepreneurs to invest in industries like knitwear, one of these
initiatives entails increasing the amount of funds allocated to the Mudra Bank from Rs
1,36,000 crore (US$ 20.4 billion) to Rs 2,44,000 crore (US$ 36.6 billion).
• An additional initiative with a budget of Rs 2,200 crore (US$ 330 million) aims to improve
labor skills. This will contribute to improving the workforce's capabilities in the textile
industry.

• Additionally, the government intends to unveil a comprehensive package designed

especially for the power loom industry. This package will cover insurance coverage, cluster
development, modernization of outdated looms, and a variety of social welfare programs.
In addition, marketing assistance and tax breaks will be given to elevate the standing of
power loom weavers throughout the nation.
• In addition, 20 e-commerce businesses and the Ministry of Textiles have inked
memorandums of understanding (MoUs). These Memorandums of Understanding aim to
provide a forum for weavers and artisans in various handloom and handicraft clusters
throughout India. They will be able to reach a wider market by selling their products
directly to customers thanks to this platform.
• A total of Rs 8,835 crore (US$ 1.3 billion) worth of agreements were signed during the
Vibrant Gujarat 2017 Summit in industries including carpet development, machinery,
textile parks, and textile processing.
• The first-ever apparel and garment making center in the region was opened by the Union
Minister for Textiles in an effort to generate jobs in Meghalaya. Furthermore, Meghalaya
has received a grant of Rs 32 crore, or US$ 4.8 million, to promote handlooms.
• The Indian government has implemented labor-friendly reforms with the goal of creating
11.1 million jobs in the apparel and makeup industries. In addition, within the next three
years, the target is to raise textile exports to US$ 32.8 billion and draw in investments
totaling Rs 80,630 crore (US$ 12.09 billion).
• Over the past two years, the Ministry has effectively trained over 5.3 lakh youth in textile
trades under the Integrated Skill Development Scheme (ISDS), with a focus on the
garmenting sector. Interestingly, 79% of women who received training have secured

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 placements, making up over 81% of the total. Please refer to the year-wise breakdown of
total trained individuals and their placements under this scheme.

Strategies Adopted:
1) Prioritize the home market with strong growth:
As of November 2016, the Ministry of Textiles had inked Memorandums of Understanding
(MoUs) with twenty e-commerce companies in order to work with various handloom and
handicraft clusters. In partnership with UAE importers, Dubai staged the first-ever "Incredible
Indian Textiles" exhibition in February 2017. Nineteen Indian companies participated in the event,
which was hosted by the Synthetic and Rayon Textiles Export Promotion Council (SRTEPC) of
India. The Needle Entangled Advance Textile Plant in Anjar, Gujarat, was established in March
2017 by Welspun India Ltd. to produce multi-layer composites for a range of uses. The plant is
worth US $23.35 million.

2) Emphasis on backward integration:

During Textiles India 2017, Ministry of Textiles inked sixty-five memorandums of understanding
(MoUs). Three Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were signed by industry and government
representatives from both domestic and foreign groups. The signed Memorandums of
Understanding (MoUs) address a range of subjects., including information and document sharing,
R&D, the commercialization of handloom goods and silk production, collaboration in the field of
geotextiles, skill development, cotton supply, and trade promotion with foreign partners.

3) Pay attention to forward integration:

Future Retail and UK-based home furnishings company Laura Ashley signed a contract in
February 2017 for India's Future Retail will manage and own its own stores and websites. The
current US$ 7-9 billion valuation of the Indian fashion shop internet market is expected to increase
to US$ 30 billion by 2020.

4) Diversification:
By launching more shampoo and do variations, The Raymond Group hopes to grow the male
grooming market through its subsidiary J. K. Helene Curtis.

Conclusion:
Reading the various articles in this paper makes it abundantly evident that the Indian textile and
clothing sector is growing in a very positive manner. By creating the Technology Fund
Upgradation Scheme for Integrated Textile Parts, allowing 100% Foreign Direct Investment, and
other measures, the Indian government has succeeded in promoting this industry. According to the
most recent statistics, cotton production in India ranked first.
The other elements that support the Indian apparel and textile industries include

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Higher Retail Sector Penetration

High Income in the Middle Class

Infrastructure development Adequate government regulations

plentiful supply of raw materials

India's comparative advantage over other major textile producers in terms of trained labor and
production costs is thought to have played a major role in the industry's rise. Indian Brand Equity
Foundations' July 2017 report projects that the nation's textile and apparel industry will expand
from 108 billion USD in 2015 to 223 billion USD. Millions of individuals employed in these
diverse Indian textile and apparel industries will feel more confident as a result.

b) Dr. G. Yoganandan and V. Vetriselvan –

The Growth of the Indian Textile Industry
Abstract:
India's textile industry is a significant player in the world market, coming in second to China in
terms of production of fiber, yarn, and fabric and fifth in terms of synthetic fibers. This industry is
essential to the expansion of many other industries. About 4% of India's GDP, 14% of its industrial
production, 18% of industrial employment, and 27% of its export revenue came from textiles and
clothing in 2000–01. It is one of the major employment sectors in the nation, offering positions to
workers with a wide variety of skill levels. In contrast to highly specialized and educated industries
like software or pharmaceuticals, the textile sector offers opportunities across a range of skill
intensities. Historically, the Indian textile industry has been predominantly cotton-based, but there
has been a noticeable pivot towards synthetic fibers in recent years. From 2009 to the fiscal year
2015, India saw its synthetic fiber production soar to 1.34 million tonnes. The period from FY07
to FY15 witnessed a consistent rise in production with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
of 2.0 percent.

Introduction:
Textiles have always been an essential part of human society, alongside food and shelter.
Recognizing its significance, people have accepted cloth as a basic necessity of life (Prasad, 2015).
The Latin word "Textilis" and the French word "Texere," which both allude to weaving or woven
fabrics, are the sources of the English word "textiles". The earliest evidence of fiber production
was found in excavations of flax and wool fabrics near Swiss lakes, dating back to the 6th and 7th
centuries BC (Jain, 2010). Sericulture was first used in China circa 2640 BC, and it was later
brought to India circa 400 AD. On the other hand, cotton spinning is documented as early as 3000
BC (Yoganandan, 2015).
With a multi-century history, India boasts one of the oldest textile industries in the nation. Even
today, it remains a major contributor to India's international trade, particularly in terms of exports.
India's economy greatly benefits from the cotton industry, which employs a sizable number of

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people. A significant amount of labor is needed for the cotton extraction, yarn manufacturing,
fabrication, printing, and dyeing processes. This industry, which requires a lot of labor, is among
the biggest employers in the nation. The industry brought in a total of US$41.4 billion in export
revenue in 2014–2015, up 5.4% from the previous comparable period, according to the Cotton
Textiles Export Promotion Council (Texprocil).
There are two primary sectors of the Indian textile industry. Handloom, handicraft, and sericulture
are all part of the unorganized sector, which makes up the first section. These industries use
conventional instruments and techniques while operating on a smaller scale. The organized sector,
which includes the manufacturing of clothing and yarn, makes up the second section. This segment
utilizes modern equipment and techniques, such as economies of scale, to enhance productivity
and efficiency (Textiles, 2014-2015). With large-scale mills at one end of the spectrum and hand-
spun and hand-woven textiles at the other, India's textile manufacturing sector is diverse. The
largest section of the textile sector is the decentralized power looms, hosiery, and knit sector
(Vikram Utamsingh, 2013). The Indian textiles field stands out from other countries when it comes
to fabric. It has the capacity to offer a diverse range of products that cater to various market
segments, both domestically and internationally (Venkatesan & Katti, 1999).
From 1989 to 2007, the growth rate was a solid 26.18 percent. However, during the time of the
disaster from 2007 to 2012, growth plummeted to a mere 2.59 %. This notable decline amply
illustrates how the global depression negatively affected Tirupur's knitwear exporters.
Consequently, the proportion of Tirupur's knitted garment exports to India's total readymade
garment exports fell from 27.3 percent in 2007 to 19.1 percent in 2012. However, over the whole
1989–2012 period, Tirupur's overall export share doubled, rising from 9.2 percent in 1989 to 19.1
percent in 2012. This article's methodology involved using secondary data from a number of the
Indian government's Ministry of Textiles' annual reports. Graphs and percentage analyses were
two statistical techniques used to examine the gathered data. The study, which began in 2010 and
lasted five years, was completed in August of 2016. This research paper's main goal is to analyze
the performance of the Indian textile industry's yarn and fabric sector.

Structure Of Indian Textile Industry:

The textile and clothing industry made up approximately 4 percent of GDP, 14 percent of industrial
output, 18 percent of industrial employment, and 27 percent of export income in 2000-01 (Jeyaraj,
2012). India is a significant contributor to global textile production; it ranks second to China in the
production of cotton yarn and fabrics and fifth in the production of synthetic fiber and yarn. India's
textile industry is distinguished, in contrast to earlier textile-producing nations, by small,
unintegrated businesses that frequently employ antiquated machinery (Yoganandan & Vetriselvan,
2015). Some larger businesses operate in the regulated "organized" sector, where they are subject
to government labor and tax policies, but the majority of businesses operate in the less regulated
"unorganized" sector, where regulations are easier to avoid. Previous policies that gave preference
to manual, small-scale businesses over larger, capital-intensive ones can be blamed for the unique
structure of the Indian textile industry (Dhanabhakyam).

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The domestic market has been the primary focus of the Indian textile industry, as opposed to the
international one. Particularly in the spinning industry, reforms carried out in the 1980s and 1990s
greatly increased technical efficiency and global competitiveness. However, there is still room for
further reforms to enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of India's textile industry, including
the weaving, fabric finishing, and apparel sectors (Yoganandan G, 2015). The industry has
historically been self-sufficient, with all stages of the value chain—from cotton farming to the
production of high-end clothing—occurring in India. However, there is a shift happening from an
unorganized sector to a more regulated one. Cotton accounts for 65% of the country's cloth
production, but the industry is susceptible to fluctuations in raw cotton prices due to variations in
rainfall and weather conditions (Yoganandan G, 2015).
There are seven units that are currently profitable. A short-term strategic plan worth roughly Rs.
65 crores has been developed with the goal of increasing this number to 13 by March 2015 (Annual
Report, 2014-2015). An Integrated Skill Development Center, an Incubation Center, Textile Plaza,
processing facilities, and clothing are all planned to be established within the NTC. The goal is to
transform the company into a self-sustaining entity (Annual Report, 2013-2014). A total of 63,296
employees have participated in the MVRS program, with the company paying out Rs. 2372.74
crores in compensation to these employees (Annual Report, 2012-2013). NTC has cut its
workforce from ninety thousand to roughly seventy-seven40 people. Additionally, 193 Retail
Marketing Division showrooms that were not profitable were shuttered (Annual Report, 2013-
2014).

Fabric and Yarn Production:

Production of Fabric and Yarn: From 626.30 lakh kg in 2010–11 to 673.60 lakh kg in 2014–15,
yarn production grew at a compound annual growth rate of 1.8%. April through October of 2015
saw the production of 399.30 lakh kg of yarn. Cotton yarn production increased dramatically and
made up 61% of all yarn manufactured in 2014–15 (Devkumar, 2014). The amount of artificial
fiber produced is rising. The sector began to recover from its 2009 peak and demonstrated
resilience to the global economic downturn, with production reaching 1.34 million tonnes in 2014–

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15. The manufacturing sector expanded at a CAGR of 2.0 percent from 2007 to 2015. Production
was 0.77 million tonnes for the months of April through October in 2015–16 (Foundation, 2016).

Current Status:
India is still the second-biggest cotton producer in the world. Between 2008 and 2009, the area
planted to cotton decreased by roughly 1%. The yield of cotton, which had been increasing over
time, fell in 2008–09. The textile industry did not receive a sustained boost from a significant
increase in the lowest Minimum Support Prices (MSPs). Due to the disparity in domestic and
foreign cotton prices, the fiber export was unable to discriminate. The only reason cotton was
imported was because there wasn't enough extra-long staple cotton available (Business, 1999–
2010).

Conclusion:
An important part of the Indian economy is the textile sector, which is growing at the same rate
as the global textile economy. It is clear that the Indian economy contributes to foreign exchange
earnings, industrial production, and job creation. In addition to jute, the industry makes a
substantial contribution to the global production of textile yarns and fibers. To increase textile
exports, the Indian government must think outside the box, starting with the nation as a whole. It
should focus on skill development and creating an environment that attracts new entrepreneurs to
this industry.

c) Chandan Bhar and Hasanuzzaman –

The effects of the Indian textile industry on the environment and human
health:
Abstract:
The Indian textile industry's productivity has increased due to ongoing development and
automation. As a result, the environment is suffering due to an increasing demand for raw
materials. This study examines the effects of the Indian textile industry on the environment and
human health, coming to the conclusion that loud noises and cotton dust are the main ways that
the mechanical processes involved in the textile industry affect the working environment.
Although the use of chemicals and the production of fiber have a major negative impact on the
environment, they also release hazardous byproducts into the air, water, and land, which indirectly
contribute to acid rain and global warming.

Keywords:
Pollution of the environment, chemical textile processing, fabric formation, fiber production,
sustainability, yarn formation

Introduction:
For a long time, the textile industry has been important in the economy, contributing to various
aspects such as industrial production, gross domestic product, excise revenue collection, and
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export earnings. Furthermore, it provides employment to millions of individuals in India. However,
as the industry becomes more globalized, it is crucial to ensure that growth does not come at the
expense of environmental degradation. Thus, plans for the expansion of India's textile industry
must take environmental sustainability into account. The industry's expansion has resulted in a
greater demand for materials, which has had a variety of negative effects on the environment. This
covers contamination of the land, air, and water that occurs during resource extraction and
utilization, manufacturing operations, and product disposal. Therefore, the purpose of this study is
to investigate how the Indian textile industry affects human health and the environment.
To evaluate the effects of the Indian textile industry on the environment and human health, a
thorough review of the body of literature has been done for this investigation.

1) Natural Fiber Production:

Cotton, the predominant fiber in India's textile industry, is known for its renewability,
biodegradability, and eco-friendliness, offering significant benefits throughout its lifecycle (About
Cotton Sustainability, 2015; Myers & Stolton, 1999). However, the cultivation of this natural fiber
heavily relies on fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides. Surprisingly, cotton cultivation only
occupies 3% of the world's farmland, yet it accounts for approximately 25% of global pesticide
usage (Yates, 1994; Lee, 2014; Ballikar, 2013; bex, 2012; Textiles, Leathers and the Environment,
2015; Cotton and the Environment, 2015; Kumar, 2015). To prevent stains on cotton fibers,
harmful chemicals such as defoliants are applied to the plants before harvesting, effectively
stripping the leaves away (Saunders & Grayson, 1984). A previous study discovered that around
65% of these chemicals were insecticides, 20% were herbicides, and 14% were defoliants and
growth regulators, with fungicides and other chemicals making up just 1% of the total toxic
substances (Kumar, 2015). Furthermore, it was determined that bringing out a T-shirt and jeans
requires the use of more than 0.5 kg of toxic chemicals in the production of the cotton fibers. The
production of synthetic fibers is a significant contributor to environmental pollution (Bex, 2012).
This means that the growth of cotton, which involves the use of harmful chemicals and the
pollution of water and surroundings, is considered the most detrimental and environmentally
unfriendly form of farming worldwide (Yates, 1994; Lee, 2014; Ballikar, 2013; Bex, 2012;
Textiles, Leathers and the Environment, 2015; Cotton and the Environment, 2015; Kumar, 2015).

Environmental and Health Effect:

The environmental and health consequences of cotton fiber cultivation are significant. The use of
fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and other chemicals in cotton production results in the release of
higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) compared to the production of
polyester fibers (Rana, Pichandi, Parveen & Fangueiro, 2014). Sulfur dioxide is a major
contributor to acid rain, which has negative effects on soil, water, and air quality, whereas carbon
dioxide is a well-known greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Additionally, the oil extracted
from cotton seeds, commonly used in cooking, contains harmful chemicals that have severe health
impacts, affecting over 25 million people each year (Imhoff, 1999; Kumar, 2015; Myers & Stolton,
1999).

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 2) Production of Synthetic Fibers:
Nylon and polyester are the most commonly used textile fibers in India, after cotton. These fibers
are created from a byproduct of polyester and are often believed to be harmful to both the
environment and human health. However, it is important to note that neither of these fibers
contains any dangerous compounds. The concern lies in the production process, which releases
nitrous oxide and acidic gases like hydrogen chloride. Various sources, including Hannah (2011),
Sabita & Tripathi (2014), Textile World News (1991), and Science News (1991), have highlighted
this issue. A study conducted by Science News (1991) revealed that the production of nylon and
polyester contributes to an annual increase of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere by 0.2%. This may
seem like a small percentage, but it matters because nitrous oxide has a 150-year atmospheric
lifetime.

Environmental and Health Effect:

Additionally, it is important to understand the environmental and health effects of this byproduct.
Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas, with 300 times more potential for destroying the
stratospheric ozone layer than carbon dioxide. This information is supported by various sources,
including Hannah (2011), St. Rosemary (2015), Textile World News (1991), and Science News
(1991). According to Malloy and Grubb (2008), exposure to certain substances can lead to eye and
skin irritation, as well as gastrointestinal discomfort if inhaled. Additionally, Hatch (1984) and
Lewin & Pearce (1998) have found that the carrier used in polyester dyeing can cause allergic
contact dermatitis.

3) Industry Spinning:
A variety of pieces of equipment are used in the spinning process, which turns raw fiber into yarn.
Regrettably, the workroom will always contain noise and cotton dust due to these machines' high-
speed operation. Studies have shown that the noise levels in spinning rooms typically range from
80 to 100 dBA, which exceeds the allowable limits for two to eight hours of labor in the
administrative and engineering divisions. Research conducted on spinning industries in Bombay
found that the noise level in spinning rooms averaged around 96.5 dBA. Furthermore, more than
thirty percent of spinning workers are reportedly exposed to noise levels higher than ninety-dBA
on a daily basis, according to several studies. Another problem that arises during spinning
operations is cotton dust, which is especially common in the blow room, carding, and combing
sections of spinning mills. Cotton dust and dirt concentrations in spinning rooms are usually
between 1900 and 2700 µg/m3.

Environmental and Health Effect:

The noise levels are 10 to 14 times higher than what is considered acceptable. Both the
environment and the workers' health are seriously harmed by this. Research shown that exposure
to noise levels above 90 dBA can lead to serious hearing impairment in workers. The length of
exposure determines the extent of the harm; workers exposed for more than 16 years may
experience hearing loss even at low frequencies. Office employees, on the other hand, are less
susceptible to high frequencies and may not develop hearing impairment until after more than ten

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years of exposure. In addition to hearing loss, high levels of noise also have a detrimental impact
on job performance and can cause agitation, fatigue, disorientation, headaches, dizziness, high
blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, as well as other nervous and psychological disorders.
Conversely high density of cotton dust in the workroom causes the worker to suffer from
respiratory impairment and occupational lungs disorder that includes byssinosis, chronic
bronchitis and occupational asthma (Dube et al., 2012; Woldeyohannes et al., 1991; Jannet et al.,
2006; Bünger et al., 2007).

4) Effects Of the Weaving Industry:

In the textile industry, weaving—the process of making fabric—is renowned for being the loudest.
The noise in weaving factories is primarily caused by outdated machinery, inadequate design and
construction, and overcrowding in the workplace (Bedi, 2006). Research has shown that the noise
level is relatively low in the weaving preparatory section, but significantly higher in the area near
the loom shed (Talukdar, 2001). The actual noise produced by weaving looms ranges from 85 to
104 dBA, with shuttle looms generating the highest noise levels and air jet looms producing the
lowest, as shown in Table 3 (Talukdar, 2001). A study conducted on weaving industry in northern
India revealed that the noise level ranged from 101.3 to 102.1 dBA (Bedi, 2006), indicating that
the noise in the weaving room greatly surpasses the permissible limit for an 8-hour work shift, as
mentioned in Table 1 and Table 2. Similar findings were reported in studies conducted on weaving
industries in different countries, such as Karachi (88.4 to 104 dBA) (Ashraf, Younus, Kumar,
Siddiqui, Ali & Siddiqui, 2009), Rivatex Industry in Kenya (99-101 dBA) (Gitau, Mwikali, Batt
& Njau, 1998), and weaving industry in Thailand (101.3 +/- 2 dBA).
In Chavalitsakulchai et al.'s study (1989), it was found that noise levels in the cotton ginning
industry reached up to 92dBA - 103.8dBA in Tanzania (Jayaraynum, 1991). Similar to the ginning
and spinning processes, the weaving industry also faces challenges due to the presence of cotton
dust. Table 4 indicates that the density of cotton dust in weaving factories ranges from 1820 to
1960 µg/m3, which is much higher than the allowable limit.

Environmental and Health Effect:

The impact on the environment and worker health is well-documented. Exposure to noise levels
exceeding 80 dBA has been proven to cause physiological harm to workers. In the weaving
industry, workers are consistently exposed to a noisy environment ranging from 85 to 104 dBA.
This prolonged exposure not only leads to permanent hearing loss but also decreases efficiency
(Talukdar, 2001). Additionally, just like in the ginning and spinning processes, cotton dust in the
weaving industry poses various health risks for workers, such as nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC),
byssinosis, cough, and bronchial asthma (Anonymous, 1995; Anonymous, 2006, Anjum, Mann,
& Anjum, 2009). Furthermore, the inadequate lighting conditions in weaving rooms contribute to
eyesight problems among workers (AIM, 1991).

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 5) Effects Of Chemical Processing of Textiles:
Textiles are chemically processed through a number of stages, including finishing, printing, and
dying. Hazardous substances such as dye, acid, alkali, detergents (like salt, acid, alkali, bleaching
agents, and finishing agents), and softeners are used to guarantee efficiency. Table 6 provides a list
of the common chemicals used in textile processing. The main source of hazards in this process is
the discharge of unused chemicals along with a large amount of water. Table 5 presents an estimate
of the amount of water used and the associated generation of effluent. This effluent contains unused
dyes, acid, soap, detergent, enzyme, dye fixing agent, chlorinated stain removers, chromium
compound, heavy metals, and other auxiliary chemicals, making it toxic (Kant, 2011). Studies have
shown that approximately 20% of the effluent contains unfixed dyes and auxiliaries (Kalliala &
Talvenmaa, 2000; Hasanbeigi, 2013; Babu, Parande & Raghu, 2007). Table 7 provides the
effluent's estimated percentage of unfixed dyes. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids (SS), pH, color, and the
presence of heavy metals are the main markers of pollution in the effluent. The various studies
(Rajor, Jain & Patel, 2013; Imtiazuddin, Mumtaz & Mallick, 2012; EPA, 1974; Das et al, 2000) on
the nature of effluent released from textile plants. The effluent contains impurities such as oils,
fats, waxes, seed particles, spinning oils, and amines generated from dye reduction, as well as
natural starch, all of which contribute to the pollution levels in the effluent and pose a threat to the
environment (Das, 2000; Babu et al, 2007; Malik, 2002; Wynne, Maharaj & Buckley, 2001; AEPA,
1998). Table 9 provides the physicochemical characteristics of the effluent as reported by the
Environmental Technology Best Practice Program UK (ETBPP, 1997). In the case of Pali,
Rajasthan, the textile chemical processing industry discharges effluent into River Bandi, leading
to environmental pollution in the surrounding area (Rathore, 2012). Similarly, in Finland, chemical
processing industries release effluent into municipal sewage treatment plants, which leads to an
increase in pollution indicators like BOD and COD due to the presence of natural starches in the
effluent (Kalliala & Talvenmaa, 2000). Additionally, the chemical processing of textiles
contributes to air pollution in the surrounding areas due to the evaporation of the effluent.
The discharged waste from textile mills has the potential to contaminate the air in our surroundings
(Jauregui & Luyando, 1999; Rathore, 2012). Similar results found around Kaduna River of Nigeria
that during long dry season the evaporation from discharged effluent terrifically causes
surrounding air pollution (Kaduna, 2004). Again, high temperature causes air pollution promoting
emission from effluent like ammonia, sulfides and induces volatilities of oil and grease by adding
organic compound in the air (EPA, 2001). Instead, use of fossil fuel in boiler leads to carbon di-
oxide and sulfur di oxide emission (Kalliala & Talvenmaa, 2000), application of stain remover on
fabric causes carbon tetra chloride emission and use of sodium hypochlorite (bleaching agent)
leads to chlorine gas emission in air (Das, 2000).

Environmental and Health Effect:

If the toxic waste is released into the environment, it has the potential to harm the earth's natural
beauty by contaminating the land, water, and air (ETBPP, 1997). This contamination also leads to
a significant burden of diseases for humans and reduces their life expectancy (Yusuff & Sonibare,
2004). Additionally, it negatively impacts the water, making it harmful for both plant and animal

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life by increasing the levels of BOD and COD (Patel et al., 2013; Imtiazuddin et al., 2012).
Furthermore, the emissions of carbon tetra chloride and carbon dioxide contribute to the
destruction of the ozone layer and the acceleration of global warming (Das, 2000).

Government Initiatives:
The Indian textile industry still uses antiquated machinery and technology, even in the face of
increased automation. The Indian government has put in place a number of initiatives to help the
industry in order for it to compete in the modern world. The National Textile Policy (NTP) 2000
seeks to position the nation as a leader in the production and export of apparel worldwide. The
Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme provides businesses with affordable access to cutting-edge
machinery. Reducing contamination levels and raising cotton production are the main objectives
of the Technology Mission on Cotton 2000. Environmental issues pertaining to effluent treatment
are addressed by the Scheme for Integrated Processing Development (IPD). A level playing field
is also guaranteed for all segments by the Common Effluent Treatment Plants with Marine Outfall
(CETPMO) and the rationalization of Fiscal Duties.

Conclusion:
The Indian textile industry has grown and become more automated, which has increased its
competitiveness in the international market. But the environment and human life have suffered as
a result of these advancements. Production has accelerated due to increased automation and
modernization, which has led to resource overuse and environmental pollution. For example, the
process of producing fibers releases gases like SO2 and NOx that cause acid rain, as well as CO2
and NO2, which are linked to global warming. Furthermore, hazardous waste and gaseous
emissions are produced during the chemical processing of textiles, endangering human health and
contaminating the air, water, and land.

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Scope Study:
Purpose of this study is to look into what inclusive growth really means. Primary and secondary
data have been employed for this aim in a quantitative and qualitative manner to arrive at the
research's result. Primary and secondary data were gathered from trustworthy sources. The SPSS
tool and critical assessment concepts were employed in the data analysis.

1) Sustainability & Environmental Impact:

• Examining the industry's environmental footprint and analyzing efforts towards sustainable
practices.
• Investigating the adoption of eco-friendly materials, waste reduction strategies, and
compliance with environmental regulations.
2) Technological Innovations:
• Looking into how the sector is implementing new technology like automation, AI, and eco-
friendly procedures.
• Assessing the impact of technology on production efficiency, product quality, and
environmental sustainability.
3) Challenges and Opportunities:
• Recognizing the difficulties the Indian textile sector faces, including labor concerns, raw
material scarcity, and international competition.
• Exploring potential opportunities for growth, innovation, and diversification within the
industry.
4) International Trade and Export Analysis:
• Studying the international trade dynamics of Indian textiles, including export markets, trade
barriers, and competitiveness.
5) Manufacturing Processes:
• Examine the textile industry's manufacturing procedures, from obtaining raw materials to
producing the final product.
• Evaluate the efficiency and sustainability of manufacturing processes, including the adoption
of modern technologies.

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Research Methodology:
1. Ecological Methods:
• Sustainable practices have become a more prominent focus of textile industry research,
including the development of eco-friendly and biodegradable materials, waste reduction, and
energy-efficient production processes.

2. Smart Textiles and Nanotechnology:

• Integration of smart textiles and nanotechnology has been a growing area of interest. This
involves incorporating functional materials into textiles for applications such as temperature
regulation, sensing, and energy harvesting.

3. Advanced Materials and Fabrics:

• Researchers have been exploring new materials and fabric technologies with enhanced
properties, such as improved durability, breathability, and comfort. Nanofibers, advanced
polymers, and composite materials are areas of active investigation.

4. Digitalization and Industry 4.0:

• The textile industry has seen a rise in the use of digital technologies for supply chain
management, quality control, and production process optimization. These technologies include
the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and artificial intelligence.

5. Circular Economy & Recycling:

• Research efforts have been directed towards creating a circular economy in the textile industry,
focusing on recycling and upcycling materials to reduce waste and environmental impact.

6. Innovations in Dyeing and Finishing:

• Sustainable and water-efficient dyeing and finishing processes have been under investigation
to minimize the environmental footprint of textile manufacturing.

7. Collaborative Research Initiatives:

• To address difficult challenges in the textile sector, academia, industry, and government
agencies collaborate on several research projects. This cooperative strategy facilitates the
integration of various resources and areas of expertise.

8. Consumer Behavior Studies:

• Understanding consumer preferences and behavior is crucial. Research may involve studying
market trends, consumer perceptions of sustainable products, and the influence of factors like
social responsibility on purchasing decisions.

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Method of Data Collection
Two categories of data sources exist. They are listed below: -

1. Primary Data Sources

2. Secondary Sources of Information

Primary Data Sources

Primary data are facts that are learned for the first time through first-hand recollections or empirical
proof, typically in the course of a study. The information-gathering process is expensive since an
agency or outside group must pay for and use human resources to do the analysis. The investigator
is directly in charge of supervising and managing the data collection process. Most data collection
techniques include group discussions, research projects, physical examinations, surveys, postal
questionnaires, in-person interviews, telephone interviews, and one-on-one interviews.

Various Techniques for Gathering Primary Data

1. Individual research
The survey is carried out by the researcher, who also collects the data. This method typically yields
accurate and trustworthy data. This kind of data collection is only suitable for small-scale studies.

2. Questionnaire
A questionnaire has two or three sets of questions. The first set of questions asks the responder a
series of questions concerning the topic of your research. Questionnaires are often easier to
administer than the other methods discussed above.

3. By Research
To gather information, skilled investigators are employed. People are hired by these investigations
to complete questionnaires once the required data has been collected.

4. Participant Observations
This strategy allows for good observation and contact with individuals in your natural environment
or the setting where you will conduct your research assignment. This can be enjoyable, but dealing
with individuals who are not as open and friendly can be difficult at times.

Secondary Data of Information

Secondary data are those that specific researchers have already collected and documented for
reasons unrelated to the current research question. The formats in which the data is available
include books, journal articles, websites, reports, government publications, censuses, internal
organization records, and journals. This is an accessible, cost-effective, and time- and money-
efficient way to collect data. One drawback, though, is that the information acquired may not be
reliable or pertinent to the current research issue because it is being used for other purposes.

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Primary Research:
Analysis of responses: -
1) Which segment of the Indian textile industry interests you the most?

Cotton Silk textiles Wool textiles Handloom Synthetic

textiles textiles textiles
No. Of 35 6 4 5 10
Responses
Percentage 58.3% 10% 6.7% 8.3% 16.7%

Analysis & Interpretation:

The core of this research is an understanding of people's interest in Indian textile industry. In order
to make strategic decisions that will improve customer satisfaction and the industry's future
growth, we hope to obtain insightful information from the survey responses.

• The most noteworthy observation in the data is the prevalence of respondents who mostly
interested in cotton textile industry. A significant 58.3% indicated that they interested mostly
in cotton textile. This finding raises questions about the factors influencing most of to the
cotton textile and underscores the importance of investigating. The reasons behind this mostly
demand is that it is sustainability and innovation. The growing demand from consumers for
environmentally friendly and sustainable products. Enhancing consumer happiness can be
achieved through marketing strategies that promote sustainable practices and investments in
them. And continuous innovation in cotton processing and manufacturing technologies can
lead to cost efficiency and improved product quality.
• Another significant revelation is the substantial proportion of respondents (16.7%) who mostly
interested in synthetic textile industry. While not many of the people interested in this but have

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 a substantial share as compared to other segments. The reason behind this is market education
because of this the consumers known about the benefits of the modern synthetic textiles, such
as durability, affordability, and functionality.
• As per the data few of are interested in silk also which have a proportion of respondents (10%)
who mostly interested in silk textile industry. The reason behind less interest of the respondent
is that the expansion of the market is not much as compare to the cotton textile both
domestically and internationally. And as the new trends and fashion experts started using less
use of the silk fabrics because it is much expensive as compare to the main demand which is
cotton textile and silk industry needs a high investment.
• According to the data the least interested is wool industry having a portion of only 6.7% which
is very low as compare to the other segments of the textile industry. They need a high-quality
assurance with addressing concerns related to allergens and ethical treatment of animals. And
there are many diversifications as product lines to include blends with other materials to mee
changing consumer preferences.
• In handloom textile the interested people share is only 8.3% which is not least and even higher
than wool textile. This support and promote traditional craftsmanship and artisans, ensuring
fair wages and working conditions, to appeal to consumers who value handmade and unique
products. The person who values the handmade product are old age people and very few
youngsters like handloom textile products. In short, the demand is decreasing as the value
persons are also decreasing, they are now shifting to the new technology.

2) How would you rate the sustainability practices in the Indian textile
industry?

Excellent Good Average Poor

No. Of Responses 21 29 7 3
Percentage 35% 48.3% 11.7% 5%

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Analysis & Interpretation:
The data collected from 60 respondents regarding the sustainability practices in the Indian textile
industry reveals an interesting pattern. The majority of respondents, a substantial 48.3%, reported
that they think Indian textile industry do sustainability practices whereas 35% thinks that excellent
practices are done in Indian textile industry for the sustainability where some of 11.7% think that
it is average and 5% of thinks that it is poor. The Indian government adopted number of initiatives
to promote sustainability in country's textile sector. A few of them consist of;
• Endorsing and advancing certifications that guarantee textiles are produced in an ecologically
and socially responsible manner, such as the OEKO-TEX Standard & the Global Organic
Textile Standard (GOTS).
• In textile sector, Indian government has promoted use of environmentally friendly production
techniques. This includes lowering the amount of water and energy used in textile
manufacturing facilities as well as utilizing greener production techniques.
• Encouraging the use of organic and sustainable raw resources, like organic cotton, to lessen
the negative effects of textile production on the environment.
• Putting policies in place to cut down on the amount of water used in textile finishing and dyeing
operations. It has been recommended that water recycling and treatment facilities reduce the
amount of hazardous wastewater they release into bodies of water.
• Encouraging the adoption of energy-efficient methods and technologies by textile
manufacturers in order to lower their carbon footprint. This covers the application of energy-
saving techniques as well as the usage of renewable energy sources.
• Putting waste management techniques into practice to encourage recycling and lessen the
production of textile trash. Innovative techniques for recycling and repurposing textile waste
are being investigated.

3) Which of the following environmental impacts do you think are most

significant in the Indian textile industry?

Water Air Chemical Deforestation Energy

pollution pollution waste consumption

No. Of 35 29 30 14 20
Responses
Percentage 58.3% 48.3% 50% 23.3% 33.3%

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Analysis & Interpretation:
• In this there are multiple option chosen by an individual. As per the responses most chosen is
water pollution in which 58.3% of the people think it is the main cause of the environment
after that 50% think that chemical waste is main. According to the data which I studied in the
secondary analysis and somewhere else water pollution is the major concern after that chemical
waste is another main concern. The government is working on creating a comprehensive policy
framework to address environmental concerns in the textile sector. This includes guidelines for
sustainable production practices and pollution control. Some states government make a fixed
hours working for the mills to work because of the chemical pollution they discharge in the
environment. In Rajasthan it is important to have a water purification system in every dyeing
and printing mill which helps to reduce much of the water pollution. Same as Rajasthan other
states should also take initiative like this which can help the public. Afterwards we have air
pollution which is rated 48.3% by the respondent.
• Another major issue is air pollution, which primarily affects the elderly because it makes it
difficult for them to breathe. It has a terrible effect on the youngster as well. putting in place
and upholding the use of effluent treatment facilities to clean up wastewater and limit the
amount of contaminants released into waterways. To cut emissions, the government should
promote or require the textile industry to use greener, more sustainable production methods.
The implementation of sustainable and eco-friendly techniques by mill operators, such as the
utilization of recycled or organic materials, can effectively mitigate the industry's
environmental impact. The government ought to offer financial rewards or subsidies to textile
producers who make investments in environmentally friendly and sustainable techniques.

• Deforestation and energy consumption are also mean important but not much as compare to
other pollutions. Deforestation is rated 23.3% and energy consumption is rated 33.3% by the
respondent. The mills operator should shift towards the sustainable options and should have to
install the solar energy on their roof which helps to reduce the pollution also and increase the
sustainability. Solar energy will help them in personally by reducing their electricity bills. For

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 deforestation the mills operator should plant the tree every year which help in reduction of air
pollution. Governments should introduce policies and reforms to address deforestation issue
associated with the textile industry. Government should provide subsidy and easy loan facility
for installing the solar energy to the mill’s operators.

4) Which of the following manufacturing processes do you think need

improvement in Indian textile industry?

Dyeing and Weaving and Spinning and Finishing and

printing knitting yarn production garmenting

No. Of 32 26 15 28
Responses
Percentage 53.3% 43.3% 25% 46.7%

Analysis & Interpretation:

• According to the results comes dyeing and printing is the major concern raised by the
respondents. Dyeing and printing got 53.3% as per the choice of the respondent. Dyeing and
printing needs to be improved because the main concern comes first is the quality of chemical
which is being used in dyeing of the cloths in the process house. Some mills use very bad
quality of chemicals to die the fabrics so that they can make the price of the finished goods low
if the mills use good quality of chemical then it makes the value of the final good expensive.
Due to the use of the bad quality of chemical they release very bad air pollution which not only
harms the nearby livelihoods but also to the employees how are working in the dyeing and
printing unit of the mill.

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• Same after dyeing and printing we have another concern which is finishing and garmenting
that contains 46.7% which is raised by the respondent. If given the opportunity to respond, I
would also choose finishing and garmenting because, while India excels at manufacturing
yarns, fabrics, and denims, among other things, it falls short in the garment sector, accounting
for just 4% of the textile and clothing trade worldwide. However, areas that needs improvement
is finishing and garmenting, as Bangladesh, our neighbor, leads the world in these areas
because to their inexpensive labor costs and skilled workforce. Many international companies
like Zara, H&M, Marks & Spencer, etc. have tie up with them for the stitching, finishing, etc.
we need to improve much in finishing and garmenting segments to compete in the international
market. Arvind Limited and many more big industries is trying to improve their garmenting
section and many more Indian startups is also taking interest in garmenting section.

• Weaving and Knitting is also need to be improve as per the responses 43.3% of the respondent
voted for weaving and knitting. As per the current data which I read on the reports weaving
and knitting is improving day by day because many industries started increasing their
production by increasing the weaving machine this is only possible because of the incitive
taken by the Ministry of Textile because they provide easy loans processing through some bank
they tie up with some banks to provide loan for the new machine purchases so that the mills
and increase their production and increase the weaving and knitting processing.

• The least voted is spinning and yarn production it is just voted 25% by the respondent. The
reason behind this is India have a good amount of production of spinning and yarn. Many
companies have a very good quality of yarn production they even don’t sell in Indian they
directly export because if they sell that in local market or weave with that yarn the price of the
fabric will be very high. India is good at the position of manufacturing the yarn with specialized
in producing different type of yarns also.

5) Which of the following factors do you think hinder the achievement of

social responsibility and inclusive prosperity in the Indian textile sector?
Lack of Exploitative Lack of Insufficient Inadequate Corruption
governmen labor consumer worker access to
t practices awareness empowermen education
regulations t and
training
No. Of 23 27 20 18 21 10
Responses
Percentag 38.3% 45% 33.3% 30% 35% 16.7%
e

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Analysis & Interpretation:
Despite being a vital sector of Indian economy, the textile industry confronts number of obstacles
that prevent it from achieving social responsibility and inclusive growth. Let's talk about each
factor from the respondent's point of view.

1. Lack of Government Regulations:

• The data indicates that the claim that inclusive growth and social responsibility are negatively
impacted is the second most popularly voted fact, with 38.3% of the vote from respondents.
According to my analysis, there are a lot of issues for which there should be regulations but
our government hasn't done anything about them. In instance, the textile sector—which
contributes roughly 2.3% of GDP, 13% of industrial production, and 12% of exports—should
receive special attention from the government.
• Weak or insufficient government regulations leads to unethical practices within the industry.
This includes environmental degradation, poor working conditions, and a lack of
accountability. Without proper regulations, businesses might prioritize profit over social
responsibility, leading to exploitative practices and hindering inclusive growth.
2. Exploitative Labor Practices:

• Out of all the responses, 45% chose this option, which is the largest percentage. This suggests
that, in our nation, this is the primary cause impeding social responsibility and inclusive
growth, as supported by some other studies. In my opinion, the textile business frequently faces
challenges including low pay, long hours, and unfavorable working conditions.
• Exploitative labor practices can impede the overall well-being of workers. Inclusive growth is
compromised when a significant portion of the workforce is not treated fairly. It can lead to
social unrest and hinder the development of the industry in the long run.

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3. Lack of Consumer Awareness:
• According to the data gathered, respondents gave a 33.3% rating to lack of customer
knowledge, citing the possibility that consumers are not fully aware of the ethical standards
upheld by the brands they support. The industry's continued use of exploitative tactics is partly
due to a lack of understanding.
• Businesses are under less obligation to implement socially responsible activities when there is
a lack of consumer awareness. This makes it more difficult for ethical and sustainable firms to
expand overall. Therefore, it is crucial to concentrate on raising consumer awareness in order
to remove any obstacles that may prevent producers from growing their social responsibility.

4. Insufficient Worker Empowerment:

• According to the data collected it is being rated 30% by the votes of the respondent the reason
behind this is lack of representation, collective bargaining rights, and mechanisms for workers
to voice their concerns can contribute to an imbalanced power dynamic within the industry.
• When workers are not empowered, their well-being is compromised, and inclusive growth
becomes a challenge. Employees that feel empowered are more inclined to make constructive
contributions to the industry's expansion.

5. Inadequate Access to Education and Training:

• This may be the main concern because as we know our labors are not much educated and even
in some mills, they are not given any training which leads to unethical for both the labor and
the mill. As per the data it is being rated 35% by the respondent which means the respondent
also agree that there are to much lack of the educated labor and there is lack of training also.
• In our country there are limited access to education and training programs which hinder the
skill development of the workforce, limiting their potential contribution to the industry.
• Without proper education and training, workers may not be equipped to adapt to technological
advancements or contribute meaningfully to the growth of the industry, hindering inclusivity.
6. Corruption:

• As per the data it is rated 16.7% by the respondent which may be a serious concern as it is the
case of corruption.
• Corruption within the industry, whether it involves bribes, kickbacks, or other forms of
dishonest practices, do erode the potential benefits of social responsibility initiatives.
• Corruption diverts resources away from responsible practices and contribute to an environment
where unethical behaviors are tolerated, hindering both inclusive growth and social
responsibility.

6) Do you believe the Indian textile sector has the capacity to lead the world in
this regard in sustainable textile production?

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 Yes No

No. Of Responses 55 5

Percentage 91.7% 8.3%

According to my research, 91.7% of respondents said that we can, and 8.3% said that we don't
have what it takes to lead the world in sustainable textile production.
Let’s discuss in detail;
For a number of reasons, Indian textile sector has potential to lead the world in the manufacture of
sustainable textiles:

• One of the largest and most diverse textile industries in the world is found in India, producing
a wide range of goods like cotton, silk, jute, and synthetic fibers. This diversity provides an
opportunity to implement sustainable practices across different textile sectors.
• India has a rich heritage in the production and design of textiles. Leveraging this heritage,
industry can integrate traditional and sustainable practices, such as handloom weaving and
natural dyeing techniques, to create environmentally friendly products.
• The demand for textiles made responsibly and sustainably is rising on worldwide scale. Indian
textile sector can meet this growing demand and establish itself as a go-to supplier for
environmentally friendly textiles if it embraces and promotes sustainable techniques.
• With the increasing awareness of environmental issues, there is a rising interest in organic and
eco-friendly fibers. India has the potential to expand its production of organic cotton and other
sustainable fibers, meeting the demand for environmentally conscious products.
• The Indian government has been taking initiatives to promote sustainability in various
industries, including textiles. Policies and incentives that support sustainable practices can
encourage the industry to adopt eco-friendly technologies and processes.

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• Investing in modern technology and innovation can enable the industry to adopt more
sustainable production methods. This includes the use of eco-friendly dyes, water recycling
systems, and energy-efficient machinery.
• A growing number of companies in the Indian textile industry are realizing the value of
corporate social responsibility. Businesses that use sustainable methods not only improve their
brand image and attract socially conscious customers, but they also help conserve the
environment.
• Challenges such as ensuring widespread adoption of sustainable practices across the entire
supply chain, addressing water and energy usage, and maintaining competitive pricing need to
be overcome.
• To fully realize the potential of the Indian textile industry as a global leader in sustainable
textile production, cooperation between the government, industry participants, and other
stakeholders is essential.

Concurring to "Supportability Study Report 2023" conducted by The Yarn Bazaar and Wazir
Advisors, roughly 80 per cent of major players within the Indian material industry have as of now
actualized different feasible fabricating practices.
The report focuses out the noteworthy force building among partners over the material esteem
chain towards grasping supportability and addresses key Natural, Social, and Administration
(ESG) components. The acknowledgment that inclining up generation alone is inadequately has

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driven to a collective center on embracing maintainable hones, adjusting with the natural column
of ESG, it said. Concurring to the report, 13 per cent respondents right now have a 50-75 per cent
share of maintainable items in their portfolio. So also, 25 per cent respondents right now offer
more than 75 per cent maintainable products.
It appeared that there there's a noteworthy upsurge in cotton reusing, nearby conventional polyester
reusing, as the industry’s approach towards circularity advances. Coordinates players and large-
scale turning plants are effectively investigating ways to reuse squander for the generation of
circular materials, contributing to a more maintainable and circular economy.
Due to the endeavors of a few companies the capacity for reusing polyester from bottles and
changing over it into material materials in India is anticipated to reach or outperform 1,600 kilo
tons per annum by 2030, at a CAGR of 4 per cent, the report pointed out. This demonstrates a
noteworthy increment in recycling framework and capabilities within the nation, highlighting the
developing center on economical hones within the material industry.

7) Which countries do you think are the biggest competitors of the Indian
textile industry?

China Bangladesh Vietnam Pakistan United State

No. Of 43 12 1 2 2
Responses
Percentage 71.7% 20% 1.7% 3.3% 3.3%

There are other nations that compete with India in the textile sector, each with unique benefits and
disadvantages. According to the respondents' comments, let's talk about how China, Bangladesh,
Vietnam, Pakistan, and the US compete with the Indian textile industry:

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China:
As per the responses the first major player in the world is China which is being rated by 71.7% of
the respondents:
Strengths:
• With a strong supply chain and a vast industrial infrastructure, China has long been a major
player in the world textile market.
• Technological advancements & skilled workforce contribute to high-quality production across
various textile segments.
• China has a competitive advantage because to its broad product offering, which includes
everything from affordable to luxury textiles.

Challenges:
• Increasing labor costs in China have led to a shift in some manufacturing to lower-cost
countries.
• Environmental concerns related to the textile industry have prompted some brands to seek
alternatives in countries with stronger sustainability practices.

Bangladesh:
Bangladesh is known as the biggest competitor of Indian in garmenting and finishing sector. It is
being rated second largest competitor of India in overall. 20% of the respondent voted for
Bangladesh.
Strengths:

• Bangladesh is known for its low-cost labor, making it a competitive destination for mass
production of garments.
• Preferential trade agreements, like the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), which
provide duty-free access to significant markets like the European Union, benefit the country.

Challenges:
• Limited diversification beyond basic garments and knitwear.
• The industry faces scrutiny over labor conditions and safety issues, impacting its reputation.

Vietnam:
It is being rated only by 1.7% of the respondent as it is not much big competitor.
Strengths:
• Vietnam's competitive labor costs and advantageous trade agreements have made it a major
participant in the textile sector.

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• The nation has also been successful in luring foreign direct investment (FDI) and increasing
its capacity for producing textiles and apparel.

Challenges:
• Limited domestic production of raw materials, requiring imports.
• Growing competition in the region for market share.

Pakistan:
It is being rated 3.3% by the respondent but it is also not much big competitor but Pakistan also
have a good image for particular fabrics in the market.
Strengths:
• The textile value chain in Pakistan is well-established, spanning from the manufacturing of
cotton to the final products.
• Competitive labor costs and a diverse product range, including home textiles and apparel,
contribute to its global competitiveness.
Challenges:
• Energy shortages and infrastructural constraints can impact production efficiency.
• The industry faces challenges related to compliance and environmental standards.

United States:
Strengths:
• The U.S. textile industry is characterized by advanced technology and a focus on innovation.
• The "Made in the USA" trend has gained traction, appealing to consumers seeking locally
produced and ethically made products.
Challenges:
• Higher labor costs compared to some competitors in Asia.
• Limited production capacity for certain types of textiles, leading to reliance on imports.

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Secondary Research:
Understanding the Terminologies:
a) Inclusive Growth:
India's textile industry is essential to the country's economy and creates a significant number of
jobs, foreign exchange revenues, and industrial output. A critical analysis of this sector's current
state in the context of inclusive growth involves examining various terminologies and theories that
shed light on its strengths, challenges, and potential for fostering equitable development.

b) Social Responsibility:
The importance of assessing industries—including the textile industry—through the prism of
social responsibility has grown in recent years. India's material industry has served as a symbol of
the country's social heritage by supporting people and serving as a vital conduit for money.
Although the material is improving the work era and comprehensiveness, its disorganized structure
prevents it from having good influence on social obligation. There is no doubt that the textile
industry has an impact on the environment, ranging from chemical pollution to excessive water
use. Evaluating the Indian textile industry's attempts to be sustainable is part of a critical
examination of its social responsibility. This includes using less hazardous chemicals, conserving
water, and implementing environmentally friendly industrial techniques. An industry that is more
accountable and environmentally sensitive is also benefited by the incorporation of sustainable
products, such as recycled fibers and organic cotton.

Understanding The Inclusive Growth:

For generations, the Indian textile industry has been an essential part of the country's economy that
greatly boosts job creation, export revenue, and general economic growth. The idea of inclusive
growth, which emphasizes the necessity of economic development that benefits all facets of
society, has gained popularity in recent years. The Indian textile industry's enormous employment
potential is a major factor in its inclusive growth. With millions of people engaged in various
segments of the industry, from traditional handloom weavers to skilled workers in modern textile
mills, the sector serves as a significant source of livelihood for a diverse workforce. In the Indian
textile sector, government initiatives and policies have played a major role in promoting inclusive
growth. Programs like the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) have been put in place
to promote modernization of technology, which raises competitiveness and productivity. The
textile industry's small and medium-sized enterprises now have easier access to loans thanks to the
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), which has empowered business owners and promoted
diversity.

Let's talk about the various steps India has done to achieve inclusive growth now.

A) Make in India:
The Indian government launched its much-desired "Make in India" campaign to pique the nation's
interest in manufacturing and to expand internal speculation across multiple sectors. One of the

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biggest and most active manufacturing sectors in India, the material industry, is a prominent
supporter of this project. The Made in India initiative's impact on the Material and United Divisions
is covered in the exhibition paper. 24% of the world's shafts and 8% of the world's rotors are
produced by the Indian yarn turning division. India is one of the few countries in the world that
can claim complete chain efficiency. A few other noteworthy characteristics of the segment are its
comparative advantage in skilled labor and the abundance of readily available raw materials, such
as cotton and silk. Higher pay rates, better socioeconomic conditions, and the emergence of
organized retail are all outcomes of "made in India."
Made in India's effects on the textile industry: The textile industry has already demonstrated
the benefits of the ambitious "Made in India" initiative. It's expected that demand for textiles will
increase due to favorable demographics, rising income levels, and increased organized retail
penetration. Numerous international corporations have already made investments in India. These
include clothing companies like Benetton (Italy), Promod (France), Zara and Mango (both from
Spain), Levi's, Forever 21, and Esprit (all from the US), as well as makers Rieter and Trutzschler.
For the eight "Centre’s of Excellence," The Technology Mission for Technical Textiles has
received an allocation of Rs. 152 crores from the Ministry.

B) Digital Transformation:

Manufacturing efficiency crisis has gotten worse over time, and it's usually especially true for the
materials sector. This is heavily influenced by three factors.

Firstly, the material supply chain was severely influenced by the widespread and uncovered how
helpless the design and material industry is to such disturbances. To better oversee supply chains
and moderate disturbances, producers ought to enable greater perceivability of their coordination’s

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and recognize patterns, as well as way better foresee request. Material producers moreover got to
make more items with less materials. This highlights the require for advanced supply chain
administration.

Secondly, the vitality emergency brought approximately by geopolitical issues has expanded costs
and caused energy-dependent nations much financial turmoil and hardship as control cuts have
come about in abbreviated work weeks. As such, the guarantee of advanced change and the
preferences of streamlined forms and vitality savings have ended up more compelling than ever.

Thirdly, material producers have begun to set out on green activities in reaction to moving buyer
assumptions as well as changing government approaches. To set up circular economy in textiles
manufacturing, producers must be able to track the materials from sourcing to end-of-life. The
CircularID extend employments blockchain and RFID advances to realize this, conjointly advises
clients through QR codes around the materials utilized to create the item, where these were
sourced, and how to reuse them.

The CircularID extend empowers more prominent straightforwardness and perceivability over the
supply chain, guaranteeing the materials utilized are made or sourced in a feasible way. With these
identifiers, it becomes much easier to gather, reuse and recycle textiles in fully automated textile
sorting plants.

Now let's examine the developments that are most affecting the material and design sectors.

Internet of Things (IoT)

The application of IoT represents one of the biggest opportunities for the retail industry. Through
the internet, this invention allows us to lock in with common objects, mechanically changing our
surroundings. This suggests a big change in the design industry.

Seventy percent of global retail decision makers are open to using IoT to enhance customer
experiences, according to the findings of a subsequent Retail Vision Ponder. The digital
components of the NADI X line of yoga pants, which have sensors integrated into them that vibrate
to help users self-align during various yoga poses, will promote communication between the client
and the supplier.

Counterfeit insights (AI)

Counterfeit insights is changing the material industry’s by and large generation prepare and
commerce hones. Fake insights (AI) can get to and accumulate authentic and real-time operational
information, producing bits of knowledge that may help to enhance operational effectiveness. Once
you have a clear understanding of your operations, it becomes less difficult to switch forms in
order to increase the capabilities of human workers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) influences every
stage of the process, whether it is item retrieval, material production, data gathering, just-in-time
manufacturing, quality assurance, or computer coordinate fabrication. A few of the most widely
used AI applications in the textile manufacturing industry are color matching, deformity location,
and design assessment.

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ERP
The way that the material business prepares and refines its goods is being altered by counterfeit
insights. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the ability to access and gather real-time, authentic
operational data, generating knowledge that can improve operational efficiency. Once you have a
clear understanding of your processes, it becomes less difficult to switch forms in order to increase
the capabilities of human workers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) influences every stage of the
process, whether it is item retrieval, material production, data gathering, just-in-time
manufacturing, quality assurance, or computer coordinate fabrication. A few of the most widely
utilized AI applications in the textile manufacturing industry are color matching, deformity
location, and design assessment.

Expanded or virtual reality (VR)

Versatile and e-commerce advancements brought about the expansion of the apparel industry. For
retail, we can currently look forward to a new era of possible outcomes, especially in the area of
virtual reality innovation. A growing number of underutilized virtual reality platforms are
transforming entertainment by merging the online and physical retail spaces. Try-on avatars are
very popular, for example, in the material sector. Augmented reality applications like "Dressing
Room" let users try on clothing on a personalized avatar that is based on their precise
measurements taken right now.

According to reports COVID-19 accelerates digital transformation

The COVID-19 widespread has quickened the computerized change of the Indian design industry,
with brands contributing intensely in e-commerce, social media showcasing, and virtual try-on
encounters. This drift is anticipated to proceed, with more brands embracing imaginative
innovations to reach and lock in customers.
E-commerce on the rise
India's online design transactions are predicted to reach $14.4 billion by 2023, growing at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.5%. The ease of purchasing online, the allure of
rebates, and the abundance of options are driving this expansion.

Social media promoting essential

Social media has gotten to be an basic apparatus for mold brands to showcase their items and lock
in with clients.
Brands are utilizing social media to share unused collections, run advancements, and construct
connections with their followers.
Virtual try-on encounters gotten to be popular
Advances in expanded reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are enabling shoppers to virtually try
on clothing and accessories, reducing the need for in-person trials.

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This is particularly prevalent among more youthful shoppers, who are more comfortable shopping
online.
More brands to embrace imaginative technologies
In end of, the can anticipate to see more Indian design brands receive inventive advances to
progress their operations and reach clients.
Uniqlo makes ‘greener’ denim
Denim has been a worldwide closet staple for near to a century due to its ageless appearance and
toughness. In any case, creating denim hurts the environment enormously. Concurring to a few
gauges, one match of denim pants requires 3,781 liters of water to deliver. (Discover out how to
move forward water productivity in fabricating to construct a more economical commerce.)
Harmful colors are often utilized to make the signature blue colour, and the blurred, bothered see
is as a rule accomplished through sandblasting, a labour-intensive handle that can result in
wellbeing issues for specialists.
Luckily, digitalisation and modern innovations can offer assistance address these issues.
Fabricating Uniqlo’s blue cycle pants includes less water than conventional pants. Ozone-mist
washing machines – which utilize nanobubbles – enormously decrease the sum of water required
for the wrapping up prepare, by up to 99%. Uniqlo moreover filters and reuses wastewater
generated by the jeans-making handle to diminish by and large wastewater volumes.
In addition, rather than the conventional strategy of sandblasting or sandpapering, Uniqlo
employments lasers to attain the ‘distressed’ see, at the same time decreasing the burden of work
and making strides the work environment for specialists.

C) Textile Parks:
The Indian government is making significant progress in the textile industry with its Made in India
campaign. As part of the PM MITRA scheme, seven mega textile parks will be constructed in the
states of Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar
Pradesh. When these textile parks are finished in 2026–2027, they will have cutting-edge
infrastructure, draw significant investment, and generate a large number of job opportunities. The
project has a total budget of Rs 4,445 crore, of which the initial budget for 2023–2024 was Rs 200
crore. According to Piyush Goyal, India's Minister of Textiles, the PM MITRA mega textile parks
will support the 5F vision (Farm to Fiber to Factory to Fashion to Foreign) and generate
employment for roughly 20 lakh people. An estimated Rs 70,000 crore will be invested in the
parks.
Hindu reported that a comprehensive range of textile activities, including spinning, weaving,
dyeing, and printing, as well as garment manufacturing, will be consolidated in one location.
According to Goyal, the nation's textile industry has been inefficient, which has raised waste and
expenses that have impacted the competitiveness of the sector. The Prime Minister's cluster-based
approach aims to address these issues.

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Goyal also mentioned that the scheme will simplify environmental clearances.
Materials Secretary Rachna Shah said that the park locations were chosen in a transparent manner,
considering 18 recommendations from 13 states.
States and locations were deemed eligible through a fair competition based on objective criteria
that took into account a number of variables, including infrastructure, utility services, connectivity,
the presence of the textile industry, and the current ecosystem.
The Central and State Governments will collaborate to create PM MITRA Parks under the PM
Gati Shakti - National Master Plan for Multi-modal Connectivity. These parks will attract
investments, encourage innovation, create jobs, and eventually position India as a major hub for
textile production and exports.

It is anticipated that two million jobs will be generated, and the Central and State Governments
will own Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) in each park to manage project execution.

Materials Service would be providing the stop SPV with budgetary support up to Rs 500 crore per
stop under the Advancement Capital Back framework, according to the Service. To encourage
prompt execution, a Competitive Motivation Bolster (CIS) up to Rs 300 crore per stop may also
be granted to the units in PM MITRA Stop. Additionally, it is advisable to facilitate meetings with
other government initiatives in order to provide additional driving forces for the Master Goyal
claims that state governments have promised to provide the parks with at least 1,000 acres of free
land in addition to assistance with the provision of basic utilities like electricity and water. He
announced that an initial investment of Rs 200 crores has been allocated.

"Various components to facilitate approval formation will be taken into account. According to The
Hindu, Goyal stated, "We will encourage the use of renewable energy in these parks in a big way.
The parks will offer excellent infrastructure, plug-and-play facilities, as well as training and
research facilities for the industry."

The following is the estimated textile production during the last three years, including cotton yarn,
blended yarn, man-made fiber, and total spun yarn: -

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D) Technology Adoption:
India is renowned for its strict labor laws, and many argue that these regulations, particularly those
related to hiring and firing workers, have had a detrimental effect on the nation's manufacturing
sector's ability to create jobs. This turn has deterred foreign investors from entering labor-intensive
industries and integrating them into the global value chain. Rigid labor laws may have influenced
the manufacturing sector's technological choices, according to certain researchers. Indian
manufacturers are increasingly choosing capital-intensive modes of production in order to avoid
the complications that come with these laws. Research has indicated that in comparison to other
nations with comparable levels of development and resources, India's manufacturing sector relies
more heavily on capital-intensive technology. To further explore the relationship between labor
laws and production technology choices, we examined the variation in labor laws across different
Indian states, focusing on the garment industry.
Our research suggests that the garment industry has undergone significant changes in the way it
operates in different states since 2004, when Indian clothing manufacturers began upgrading their
technology. Initially, the workforce was primarily made up of tailors and cutters, with very few
machine operators. However, over time, there has been a noticeable shift in the composition of the
workforce. It's interesting to note that machine operators and general laborers have significantly
increased in number in states with stricter and fairer labor laws, while cutters and tailors have
decreased. In these states, the percentage of machine operators has increased by more than 25
percentage points, while the percentage of tailors and cutters has decreased by 47 and 57
percentage points, respectively. Conversely, in states with greater flexibility, the changes in the
employment structure have not been as significant.
Based on the most recent data, machine operators hold about 17 percent of jobs in impartial and
inflexible states, and about 17 percent of jobs in flexible states. This variation in state-to-state
employment structures raises the possibility that labor laws had an impact on the decision to adopt
technology.

Similar to the majority of developing Asian nations, the current wave of digital revolution can
impact employment via two distinct channels in the Indian garment industry;

1) Local manufacturers implementing robotics

2) Collapse of external demand as a result of automation in developed countries.

Robotics' Chance in the Indian Garment Industry:

To gain deeper understanding of how technology will impact jobs, we analyze the various
processes involved in garment production. We evaluate whether these processes can be completed
by current technologies and, if so, whether it would be cost-effective for Indian manufacturers to
implement these technologies. According to our analysis, the most important stage in the
production of clothing is stitching or sewing, and a sizable percentage of the workforce in this

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industry is made up of tailors and sewing machine operators. While the importance of sewing
machine operators may vary among firms, our research indicates that this group alone accounts
for approximately 60 to 65 percent of garment industry jobs.
Notably, the tasks performed by sewing machine operators are repetitive and therefore have the
potential to be mechanized. Actually, the 'Sewbot' trial proved that robots can take the place of
sewing machine operators in the production of simple clothing. In a similar vein, technology has
been shown to be capable of carrying out the tasks performed by fabric spreaders & cutters,
ironmasters, and packers, all of which are routine tasks.
In India, about 80% of the jobs in the apparel industry now face the possibility of automation. The
accessibility of technology does not necessarily mean that manufacturers will choose to adopt it,
as cost-effectiveness plays a significant role in their decision-making. Our conversations with
clothing producers indicate that they do not have immediate plans to implement robotics, as they
do not perceive it to be financially viable. For instance, introducing a robotic assembly line to
replace around 15-16 workers would require an investment of over $1 million, not including the
increase in productivity.
For this reason, implementing robotic processes would require a $8–9 million investment from a
medium-sized business with 100 tailors. It is not anticipated that this investment will result in a
decrease in production costs per unit below India's current labor costs per unit. In India, the cost
of making a shirt is still about 34 rupees, even with recent increases. Toll that work has taken on
generations is expected to remain elevated.
Indian apparel producers have no business adopting fully automated robotic production lines. Cost
should not be the only consideration, though. One of the top producers of apparel believes that
even if advanced technology like robotics is made available to Indian manufacturers free of charge,
they still won't be able to adopt it in the next five years because there is a lack of skilled labor to
run the Indian robotic production line.
In addition, inadequate internet speed, subpar electricity supplies, and a dearth of robot post-
installation support networks will all hinder automation in the Indian apparel sector over the next
five years. Given how quickly technology is developing, it is difficult to forecast whether robotics
will be used in the sewing process more than five years from now. Because of this, respondents
were circumspect when speculating about how technology might affect employment in the next
ten to fifteen years.
Producers in the sewing industry are not likely to adopt mechanical autonomy in the next 10 to 15
years unless there is a significant decrease in the cost of robotic technology, which doesn't seem
plausible. It is believed that Indian clothing manufacturers will not invest in automated sewing
arms (Sewbots) if the cost of production with robotics stays the same, approximately 40 to 50
rupees. This is because they still have the opportunity to increase labor productivity by making
incremental technological upgrades.
While it's unlikely that robotics will be used for packing and sewing in the next fifteen years, there
is expected to be a decline in the need for tailor/sewing and other machine operators as more

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companies invest in incremental technological upgrades. Over the next 10 to 15 years, there is an
anticipation of a decrease in the need for manual labor in the packaging industry by approximately
25 to 30 percent.
Furthermore, a reduction of 35 to 40 percent is anticipated for the current level of production over
the next 10 to 15 years. This decline is attributed to the increasing investment in and adoption of
semi-automatic packing machines.
Spreading and cutting fabric is anticipated to see significant automation in the next years, in
contrast to sewing and packaging. Today, the majority of Indian clothing manufacturers even those
employing over 2000 people—spread and cut using manual techniques. These methods yield low
productivity and generate a high amount of waste. As a result, manufacturers in the industry are
considering investing in automatic spreaders and cutters that are computer controlled.
Our survey's findings show that, in contrast to the Sewbot, CNC spreaders and cutters have
undergone extensive testing and are becoming more and more accessible to medium-sized and
larger enterprises at a lower cost. It is projected that 40–50% fewer spreading and cutting jobs will
be performed by CNC spreaders and cutters within the next five years. Over a ten- to fifteen-year
period, there could be a 70–75% reduction in the number of jobs for spreaders and cutters. In a
similar spirit, a large degree of automation is predicted for the finishing segment as well,
particularly in the next 15 years.

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In conclusion, even though technically 80% of jobs in the clothing sector are in danger, technology
is only likely to have a minor impact on 15–25 positions in this industry over the next 15 years.
There won't be much of a job loss due to technology because automation is only anticipated to
affect a small number of job categories, such spreading, cutting, and finishing. Due to automation
in these areas, there will be a decrease in the need for semiskilled workers and an increase in the
need for highly skilled CNC machine operators.

E) Contribution To GDP:
One of the major material industries in the world is Indian textiles. It not only provides for
necessities but also makes a substantial contribution to the expansion of the national economy. The
textile industry in India accounts for about 14% of its mechanical generation, 4% of its GDP, 17%
of export earnings, and the potential to employ over 35 million people in coordinated work. It is
the nation's second-largest supplier of goods and services, after agribusiness. With an abundance
of raw materials, substantial foreign direct investment (FDI), and government support, India's
material sector is expected to flourish in the coming years.

Showcase Size
Alok Businesses Ltd. estimates that the industry will reach US$ 220 billion by 2020. India also
has the ability to considerably grow its apparel and material share of world trade from the current
4.5% to 8% and reach US$ 80 billion by 2020.

The Attire Trade Advancement Committee (AEPC) released data showing that between July 2012
and July 2013, India's clothing exports increased by 19% to reach US$ 1.27 billion. This growth
was attributed to rising demand in industrialized nations like the US.

India benefits from an abundant supply of raw commodities. It is one of the largest producers of
cotton yarn in the world and provides excellent quality yarns like silk, polyester, gooey, etc. In
addition, the country has a large domestic cotton fiber market and a rapidly expanding
manufactured fiber sector.

The emergence of man-made filaments (MMF) has been the biggest development in the Indian
material sector. Nearly every country in the world can access India's inventive line of MMF
materials. Throughout the month of August 2013, MMF generation increased by 4%, and it
increased by 7% in January.

Cotton yarn production increased by more than 10% in the first quarter of 2013 and by nearly 11%
in the second quarter of 2014, which ran from June to August. 2013 saw a 5% increase in the
production of mixed and 100% non-cotton yarn in the first half of the year and an 8% increase in
production from April to August. The percentage of cloth generation attributed to the process
segment grew by 4% in Admirable 2013 and by 10% between April and August of the same year.
Between April and August 2013, there was a 3% and 12% increase in handloom and hosiery
production, respectively, in terms of cloth output.

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Investments
Initiative is the key to Indian materials developing quickly. The industry (which includes colored
and printed goods) attracted foreign direct investment (FDI) totaling Rs 5,883.71 crore, or US$
928.63 million, between April 2000 and August 2013.

Several noteworthy projects in the Indian Material Industry include the following:

• Trident Ltd plans to install 500 looms and 176,000 axles at a cost of Rs 1,667 crore (US$
263.24 million) in order to produce an extra 40,000 TPA of higher count cotton yarn.
• Kolkata-based Sconto Retail Pvt Ltd, a start-up clothing retailer, will receive funding from
Exhilway, a private equity firm based in the United States. About Rs 6 crore (US$
947,490.36) will be invested initially, and within the first 18 months, it is anticipated that
funding—both in the form of debt and equity—will rise to Rs 24 crore (US$ 3.79 million).
• An agreement has been reached between DyStar Group and Arvind Ltd to work together
on denim development. Teams from Arvind's Denim Division and DyStar will collaborate
closely to develop new denim products, techniques, and effects, as well as to apply new
technologies in indigo dyeing and finishing.
• Gitanjali Group has entered the apparel industry as part of its brand expansion, and its 2013
goal is to open 300 retail locations nationwide.
• Over the next three to four years, Swedish retailer Rusta intends to import Indian textiles
and handicrafts valued at Rs 200 crore (US$ 31.58 million) yearly.

Government Initiatives
India is expected to grow into a significant player in the global material economy, both as a
producer and a consumer of materials. Over last two to three years, the government's efforts have
resulted in an industrial growth rate of 8 to 9 percent.

Regarding the material segment, the Service of Materials is conscientious of policy development,
arrangement, advancement, trade advancement, and exchange direction. This includes all cellulose
fibers, synthetic and natural, used in textile, apparel, and handicraft production.

To foster growth in the industry, the government has implemented several measures:
• First, they intend to create a venture capital fund valued at Rs 100 crore, or $15.79 million,
US, to assist new businesses in the material sector and promote creative thinking.
• Furthermore, through the automatic route, the government has permitted 100% of foreign
direct investment (FDI) in the industry. They intend to devote US$ 9.1 billion, up from US$ 4
billion in the 11th Plan, to the materials sector in the 12th Five Year Plan (2012–17).
• The Integrated Processing Development Scheme (IPDS), with an investment of Rs 500 crore
(US$ 78.94 million), has been approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
(CCEA) in order to improve the competitiveness and environmental friendliness of material
processing units.
• Additionally, the Ministry of Finance will provide financial support to India's cotton textile
sector through the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS). In the following six

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 months, investments totaling Rs 4,000 crore (US$ 631.65 million) are anticipated for this
sector.
• Last but not least, the government has set aside Rs 700 crore (US$ 110.53 million) for the
advancement of technical textiles in the next Five-Year Plan.
• For those who set up contemporary plants in the value expansion chain—such as those engaged
in machine carpeting, sewing, ginning, processing, and weaving—the Gujarati government has
unveiled a new incentive. For a period of five years, this incentive provides a 5% interest
subsidy on bank loans.

Road Ahead
Strong domestic and international demand is expected to support the growing Indian textile
industry in the coming years. The retail industry has grown rapidly in the last ten years due to an
increase in disposable income and consumerism, as well as the introduction of well-known
international brands like Marks & Spencer, Guess, and Next into the Indian market. Over a ten-
year period, the organized apparel market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of more than 13 percent.

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Understanding The Social Responsibility:
A) Sustainability in Textiles:
Materials companies are also becoming aware of their responsibility to the environment and other
parties involved, much like other businesses. Still, there can be differences in the methods that
different corporations choose to carry out their social responsibility. India takes great pride in its
abundant embroidered artwork of material firms, each with a distinct personality and a dedication
to excellence. The industry has changed and is more dynamic now, with texture producers
replacing traditional weavers. The material industry, which is frequently chastised for its inherent
effects, has realized that it must balance obligation and advantage. Companies now use social
responsibility initiatives as a starting point for creating a sustainable and ethical business model.

A material firm's methods of meeting its obligations to different parties are similar to those of
businesses in other industries, as the points below demonstrate:

Regarding workers:

• By providing workers with a demanding and competitive work environment.

• By implementing moral advancement, remuneration, enrollment, and other policies

• By providing opportunities for employees to express their opinions and grievances and by
developing a strong plan for handling these grievances.

• Ensuring that the workers have a safe place to work.

• Establishing fair procedures for resolving representative conflicts.

Regarding shareholders:
• By giving shareholders an accurate evaluation of the profit and loss and financial status of the
company; and

• By giving them a dividend at a rate that works for them.

Regarding the government:

• Provide the government with the necessary basic data as needed;

• Install the applicable fees and obligations on schedule; and

• Adhere to the regulations and laws governing the area in which the company operates.

• Exporting goods and services to boost the economy.

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We provide our customers with the following services:
They are served by us in the following ways:

• By providing high-quality products at fair pricing;

• By conducting ongoing research and development and occasionally developing new, innovative
products.

Towards investors:
• Providing them with an accurate and fair assessment of the company's financial situation as well
as appropriate returns on their capital contributions.

• By providing them with just compensation for the investment they made.

Regarding Suppliers:
• Paying providers, a competitive payment for the products that were bought from them.
• A competitive price for the goods purchased from them.

Regarding rivals:
• Taking part in honorable and equitable competition.

In terms of society, we should:

• Implement initiatives for zone advancement and community betterment.
• Performing altruistic labor for the disadvantaged segments of the community.
•Creating job possibilities.

Regarding the Surroundings:

• Ensuring that eco-friendly materials are purchased.

• Making sure that no contamination occurs during the production process;

• Establishing a productive trash transfer system; and optimizing both the product and the
production process to be as environmentally friendly as possible.

• Adopting sustainable packaging.

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A few well-known companies discharge their social obligation in the following
ways:
WELSPUN
Welspun may be mostly restricted to the material generation process. It is also restricted to use in
the manufacturing of other goods like electricity and refrigeration capacity. It operates in fifty
different countries worldwide. Welspun categorically acknowledges that company has fulfilled its
social obligation.
Welspun developed the notion of 5 as part of their social responsibility campaign:
enhancing women's intelligence,
physique,
instruction,
empathy,
and strength.
It includes some experiments in each of these fields.
Welspun acknowledges that nurturing the mind supports the well-being of the body. To foster
intellectual growth, Welspun hosts yoga and soul nourishment workshops on a regular basis. The
employees' and their families' primary benefit is the reason these classes are held.

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In an effort to enhance physical health, Welspun organizes frequent visits from medical specialists
and occasionally hosts medical camps for its employees. All employees have access to a gym as
well.
Welspun also plays a significant role in education outreach. The company makes regular
contributions towards the education of underprivileged children in society. In order to assess these
kids' progress, organization representatives also have regular interactions with them.
Welspun Vidhya Mandir and Welspun Anganwadi are two educational institutions that the
company founded in Kutch, Gujarat, as part of its mission to illuminate the path of education.
Welspun Anganwadi is a school that accepts students from the local community as well as the
children of its employees, whereas Welspun Vidhya Mandir educates students up to Standard X.
Welspun is an organization that actively supports various projects that benefit society as a whole.
One of their initiatives involves making commitments to schools that cater to visually impaired
individuals. Additionally, they provide employment opportunities to orphans and others who are
associated with visually disabled individuals. On special occasions like birthdays, Welspun gifts
products created by these individuals to their employees. Additionally, the company participates
in afforestation initiatives in Gujarat's Anjar region, which is sandy. In addition, Welspun hosts
blood donation drives to benefit the underprivileged and those afflicted with illnesses like cancer.
Welspun has started initiatives like Project Kishori and Venture Lijjat to empower women. The
goal of Project Kishori is to train women in computers so they can work for the government.
Conversely, Venture Lijjat provides training programs in papad making to rural women in an effort
to improve their financial status and give them access to employment opportunities.

ARVIND MILLS
Arvind Plants, an Indian textile manufacturer since 1931, has gained global recognition as a
prominent firm. It is renowned for its production of denim, shirting, weaves, and khakhis, ranking
among the top three denim producers worldwide.
The company firmly believes in actively contributing to the development of society, which fuels
its own growth. It has made significant contributions to various aspects of society. In Ahmedabad,
Arvind has been instrumental in the establishment of organizations such as IIMA, ATIRA, and the
Kasturbhai Lalbhai Textile Processing Center. To help the less fortunate members of society, it has
also established the Lalbhai Group Rural Development Fund and the Narottambhai Lalbhai Rural
Development Fund. Additionally, the company plans camps and nutritional programs for rural
communities.
Additionally, Arvind played a key role in the establishment of SHARDA Trust, a crucial
cooperative group devoted to enhancing urban living standards. In order to give the community
access to clean water and essential infrastructure, SHARDA collaborates closely with the
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.
With the establishment of an environmental policy, Arvind hopes to shield the environment from
the negative effects of its operations. It aims for water, cotton, and energy efficiency. It takes steps
to encourage recycling and reduce waste. In addition, it strives to lessen pollution and gives its

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staff environmental training. Arvind additionally promotes environmental responsibility among its
suppliers and customers. Lastly, implements initiatives to increase greenery.

B) Skill Development Initiatives:

A worldwide quota-free exchange environment presents the neighborhood clothing and materials
industry with a few noteworthy challenges, counting globalization, rising advances, steady firm-
level re-engineering, administrative and workforce weights, overseeing alter, and assembly world-
class execution benchmarks in terms of efficiency, cost, quality, plan, and innovation.
The staff, from the CEO to the sweeper, must be progressively excessively depended upon to meet
these troubles. Whether our company plans depend on advancement, scale economies, cost,
coordination’s, or promoting mastery, victory can as it were be achieved with a highly-skilled,
competitive workforce around the world. Individuals are what drive businesses forward.
The extent of exceedingly gifted laborers is likely to extend strongly compared to incompetent
specialists to fulfill advanced shopper inclinations, meet conveyance targets, balanced unit labor
costs, and eventually meet cost focuses within the commercial center. In other words, there will
always be a put for low-end and halfway aptitudes within the division, given the labor-intensive
nature of manual work. To control this industry towards a diverse improvement direction within
the confront of these shifts brought on by innovation breakthroughs, specialized aptitudes
advancement intercessions are required.

Reality check on the new schemes

The pitiful reality is that businesses in this industry are contracting, getting meaner, and doing
anything it takes to outlive. To pick up showcase nimbleness, expansive piece of clothing and
material companies are progressively re-engineering themselves into an assortment of littler
interlocking commerce units.
In this manner, it is normal for fabricating companies at the same time fabricate, purport, and
discount certain item lines.
This assortment of parts is driving to more complex organizational structures in businesses and
advertising a riches of unused openings for ability improvement exterior of the conventional
administration, apprenticeship, and specialized preparing offerings, which is additionally vital to
upgrading the sector's firms' competitiveness.
To decrease costs and boost quality at each organize of the action chain, authority of the esteem
chain is getting to be progressively critical in all trade exercises. Nowadays, a company's victory
or disappointment is decided by how rapidly crude materials are moved from entering the office
until the wrapped-up item is conveyed to the consumer.
For businesses to ceaselessly reengineer structures and upgrade forms in reaction to inside and
external market changes, these objectives call for complicated administrative talents.
As portion of their ordinary obligations, supervisors must create and direct smooth interfacing
between human resources, innovation, back, acquirement, coordination’s, operations, promoting

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and deals, and client back. Furthermore, they require the ability to connect worldwide supply
chains.

Top 4 Government Activities for the Indian Material Industry

1. Pradhan Mantri Mega Coordinates Material Location and Clothes: PM
MITRA
The PM MITRA plot is a government activity devoted to setting up Mega Coordinates Material
Locale and Attire Parks over India. Its center is to drive venture, empower development, and
catalyse development within the material and attire industry.
• A particular include of PM MITRA Parks is the collaborative effort between the Middle and State
Governments. Together, they endeavor to form top-notch mechanical framework, cultivating
economical industrialization and innovation.
• Propelled by the Hon'ble Prime Minister's 5F vision – crossing "Cultivate to Fiber to Production
line to Design to Outside" – the plot envisions a comprehensive approach to the complete material
esteem chain. The Service of Materials manages extend execution, ensuring alignment with the 5F
framework.
• Each PM MITRA Stop is overseen by a Extraordinary Reason Vehicle (SPV) together claimed
by the Middle and State Government. The Service of Materials amplifies monetary bolster to the
Stop SPV and its units through Advancement Capital Bolster and Competitive Motivating force
Support.
• The overarching goal of PM MITRA Parks is to form an coordinates material esteem chain. By
doing so, the conspire points to diminish coordination’s costs and generate significant coordinate
and circuitous business opportunities.
• The choice of destinations for PM MITRA Parks takes after a straightforward strategy, with
various states communicating interest in facilitating these transformative mechanical hubs.
• Adjusted with the government's aspirations for free trade assentions, PM MITRA Parks points to
position India as a impressive player within the worldwide materials market.
• The plot is deliberately planned to contribute to the Joined together Countries Feasible
Improvement Objective 9 by centering on versatile framework, maintainable industrialization, and
innovation.
• PM MITRA Parks, which are expected to be built at an additional cost of Rs. 4,445 crore, are
expected to be completed by 2026–2027, marking a significant advancement in India's material
industry.

2. Generation Connected Motivation Scheme

The Generation Connected Motivation (PLI) Plot, a vital government activity, points to reinforce
residential fabricating and abridge imports over different segments, with a specific center on the

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material industry. Its essential component includes giving motivating forces to companies based
on incremental deals of locally fabricated goods.
• The material division stands to pick up essentially from the PLI Conspire, with a particular
accentuation on man-made fiber (MMF) attire, MMF textures, and items inside the specialized
materials space. The overarching objective is to intensify India's fabricating capabilities and
support exports.
• The PLI Plot for Materials is bifurcated into two parts. Portion 1 involves a least venture of INR
3 billion and a least turnover prerequisite of INR 6 billion. Portion 2, on the other hand, includes
a least venture of INR 1 billion and a least turnover prerequisite of INR 2 billion. This dual-part
structure caters to differing industry players.
• Sixty-four material financial specialists have been recognized as qualified beneath the PLI
scheme, each set to get motivating forces over a span of five a long time. This vital choice points
to empower increased generation capacity among material companies.
• The PLI scheme's center objective is to spur companies to expand their generation capacities,
hence driving to expanded yield and extended work openings inside the energetic material sector.

3. Samarth Initiative
The Samarth initiative, driven by the Service of Materials, Government of India, could be a ability
improvement program for the material division. It serves as a lead activity pointed at improving
industry skills.
• This conspires, both demand-driven and placement-oriented, covers the complete material esteem
chain, barring turning and weaving. Its essential objective was to skillfully prepare 10 lakh people
from 2017 to 2020.
• With a critical effect on the materials and articles of clothing industry, utilizing 45 million
individuals, Samarth plays a significant part in fortifying this labor-intensive segment in India.
• Samarth receives a comprehensive approach, focusing on both composed and conventional
segments. It incorporates uncommon arrangements for upskilling and re-skilling programs,
tending to differing ability improvement needs.
• The plot is especially committed to elevating ladies, with over 85% of its recipients being ladies.
This accentuation on sex inclusivity adjusts with broader societal goals.
• A essential accomplishment lies within the scheme's sorted out segment courses, bragging a
arrangement rate of over 70%. This underscores its adequacy in deciphering preparing into
important work opportunities.
• Put into practice through Executing Accomplices (IPs), the plot advances a fundamental goal of
developing a skilled labor pool, enhancing the creation of new jobs, and fostering the overall
growth and the textile industry's level of competition in India.

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• Samarth is in operation until Walk 2024, indicating a notable progress in the material segment's
capacity expansion and competence improvement. Its enduring impact extends beyond minor
preparation and supports the industry's possible expansion.

4. National Specialized Textiles Mission (NTTM)

Started in 2020, the National Specialized Materials Mission (NTTM) unfurls over four a long time,
centering on improving specialized instruction, cultivating inquire about and advancement,
advancing advertise development, and disentangling objectives.
• Organizing specialized instruction at designing and innovation levels, the mission points to
construct skill in specialized materials and their applications.
• Dedicated to groundbreaking research on fibres and applications, including areas like geo, agro,
medical, sports, and mobile textiles. Additionally, it emphasizes the development of biodegradable
technical textiles and indigenous machinery.
• Focused on expanding the global market for Indian technical textiles and addressing the low
penetration rate (5-10%) within the market. A key aspect is the export promotion to enhance India's
global market share.
• Streamlining mission objectives into four components ensures a clear and focused approach,
aiming for effective implementation and impact.

In Best: Samarth extends, set to aptitude 75,000 more in India's material sector
In a try to upgrade aptitude development within the Indian material segment, the board of
actualizing accomplices of the Engaged Committee for the Conspire for Capacity Building in
Materials Segment (Samarth) has been extended, including 43 modern substances, checking a
critical point of reference for the activity, concurring to the service of materials. With this
expansion, the objective is to prepare around 75,000 unused beneficiaries.
Samarth, an activity beneath the service of materials, has assist broadened its reach, joining forces
with a add up to of 157 material businesses and industry affiliations, 16 central and state
government offices, and 3 sectoral associations of the service. The associations point to conduct
different preparing programs beneath the Samarth activity over the nation.
The committee has changed the subsidizing design, expanding fetched standards by 5 per cent.
This alteration will convey much-needed extra monetary bolster to businesses giving ability
beneath the Samarth Conspire, encourage empowering capacity building within the division, the
service of materials said in a press release.
Samarth has effectively made advances over 28 states and 6 Union regions. Of the target of 4.72
lakh recipients distributed so distant, 1.88 lakh have gotten preparing. The plot has found victory
among ladies, with more than 85 per cent of the recipients being female. Also, over 70 per cent of
the recipients prepared in sorted out segment courses have secured arrangements, underlining the
viability of the programme.

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In addition to providing entry-level skilling, Samarth operationalized a unique plan for re- and up-
skilling individuals in order to increase their productivity in the clothing and apparel industries.
The program also takes care of the reskilling and upskilling requirements of traditional textile
industries like jute, silk, handloom, and handicraft.

C) Environmental Sustainability:
India ranks among the world's top producers & exporters of textiles. India's domestic textile market
was worth $100 billion in 2019–20, and the country's growing exports were estimated to be worth
$50 billion. In order to compete globally, draw large investments, and create jobs, the Indian
government supports the textile sector. Not only are textiles necessary, but items have also become
a fashionable trend, bringing in substantial profits for companies in India and worldwide.
These distinctive and unusual garments do have a drawback, though, since the dyes they use have
detrimental effects on the environment. The process of handling textiles results in a significant
amount of pollution, creating a significant environmental burden. Managing textiles poses a
significant chemical challenge, using abundant and environmentally harmful non-biodegradable
compounds. The textile industry employs various dyes, chemical mixtures, and related substances
in textile processing. Based on estimates from the World Bank, dyeing and finishing processes
account for between 17 and 20 percent of all surface water pollution.
The textile industry is a complicated one, and reducing its detrimental effects on the environment
will require close monitoring and following rules. This industry is working to promote
sustainability in order to create thriving communities and ecosystems. It does this by increasing
the value of locally produced goods and services, reducing waste, and minimizing the negative
environmental effects of production and consumption.
Prominent players in India have taken significant steps towards incorporating sustainability into
the value chain for textile manufacturing. Instead of just managing the outcome, many have
emphasized the importance of managing inputs as a preferred strategy for sustainability.
Recognizing cotton as a vital component, the industry is enhancing its sustainable cotton portfolio
by implementing Regenerative Organic Farming practices in an effort to create a sustainable
ecosystem from the farm to the fabric. They also actively engaging with sustainable energy
providers and regulators as long-term partners. In addition to installing solar panels on their
rooftops, they are also partnering with biomass suppliers to incorporate green energy into their
power mix.
Several companies are adopting sustainable and circular practices throughout the complete supply
chain, including the procurement of raw materials, manufacturing, delivery, and recycling of
waste. They are focusing on waste that happens both before and after the consumer in order to
transition from linear to circular operations. They are switching from virgin polyester to recycled
LDPE for packaging as part of their commitment to plastic recycling. By using material scraps and
recycling plant waste, they are also cutting down on the amount of plastic that is consumed.
The three main pillars of the industry's sustainability strategy are value, environment, and
economy. Giving back more than they take in all business areas demonstrates their commitment to

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preserving and enhancing the natural environment. Furthermore, they are developing eco-friendly
materials to transform waste fabric into fiber, thereby minimizing the depletion of essential
resources. They are recycling PET bottles that would have otherwise been burned or disposed of
in landfills or the ocean by turning them into chips and then finely spinning them into yarn. In
terms of quality, these 100% recycled polyester fibers are comparable to virgin polyester.
Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA), a significant project of the Ministry of Textiles, intends
to establish a top-notch infrastructure for major textile exporters worldwide. With the completion
of this project, India will become a desirable travel destination for national and international textile
and apparel manufacturers. In the following three years, the government intends to create seven
textile parks. Additionally, in an effort to position India as a top exporter in this industry, the
Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme has been implemented to encourage the production and
export of specialty textiles. The textile industry in India has experienced a surge in investment in
recent times due to the government's decision to permit 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) in
the sector without requiring approval. Venture [Link]. - Sustainable Commitment is another
program that the Ministry started in 2019. This program seeks to assist the design sector in
accomplishing long-term environmental, social, and corporate management goals as well as the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The textile industry is strategically positioned to have a
significant impact on a few key areas, even though it can contribute significantly to all of the
SDGs.
The industry can coordinate the SDGs' implementation primarily in the following ways:

SDG 1: Engage women and girls and achieve balance in sexual orientation
According to Deloitte, as women make up over 75% of all material specialists, promoting SDG5
may be beneficial to this group. Differentiating based on sex promotes innovation, increased
profitability, and a more important return on value, all of which advance commerce.

SDG 2: Ensure that everyone has affordable access to water and sanitation
facilities

The Center for Food and Nutrition asks the material industry to collaborate across sectors in a
coordinated manner to address the growing clean water deficit. In order to reduce water usage,
recycle water, and replenish resources, everyone involved in the material value chain must come
up with innovative ways to start at the rural level, which typically uses a lot of water throughout
the material life cycle.

SDG 3: Make certain that modern, dependable, and reasonably priced energy
is available to all
The textile industry has long understood the significance of clean vitality laws. Along with other
initiatives, the Paris Agreement has persisted. Additionally, companies have strengthened their
renewable energy initiatives inside their value chains.

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Let’s Take an example
For Sutlej Materials, maintainability is a vital precept of its corporate mission and as an association
we have taken particular measures. A few of them are
• Set up a 120 tonnes-per-day Reused Polyester fiber plant, then changes over PET bottles into
spun polyester fiber that are utilized generally for captive consumption
• Receiving Renewable Vitality sources (Sun powered PV) to control our factories,
• Zero-Liquid Release (ZLD) emanating treatment framework with 90 percent water recovery,
• Guaranteeing abundant plantation of trees within the manufacturing plant premises and our
lodging colonies to move forward the Green Cover,
• Constant replacement of outdated equipment with newer energy-efficient models,
• Establishment of Energy-Efficient lighting frameworks over the manufacturing plant format.

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Suggestions:
I looked at the terrible conditions that the Indian textile industry is in, based on my own research.
Taking into account the aforementioned factors, I would like to suggest the following:

1. Market Overview:
• We need to break down the market into various segments such as apparel, home textiles,
technical textiles, and others. Analyze the growth and dynamics of each segment.
• We need to assess regional variations in market dynamics and identify areas with higher growth
potential.
• Investigate current consumer preferences, including fashion trends, sustainable choices, and
technological influences.

2. Global Competitiveness:
• Allocate resources for R&D to encourage innovation in textile manufacturing processes,
materials, and product design.
• Collaborate with research institutions, universities, and industry experts to stay at the forefront
of technological advancements.
• Evaluate how India fares in comparison to other major textile-producing countries in terms of
market share, technology adoption, and innovation.

3. Government Policies:
• Offer financial incentives or subsidies to textile producers so they can invest in cutting-edge
technologies like digitalization, automation, and artificial intelligence to increase productivity
and product quality.
• Implement skill development programs to address the industry's labor needs. Focus on training
workers in advanced manufacturing techniques, quality control, and compliance with
international standards.
• Embrace digitalization and e-governance to simplify regulatory compliance processes, tax
filing, and other administrative tasks. This can improve transparency and reduce corruption.
• Need to take more initiatives like the 'Make in India' campaign or changes in taxation.
• Assess how well these policies are working to encourage competitiveness and growth.

4. Supply Chain Issues:

• Invest in sophisticated demand forecasting tools to anticipate market trends and modify
production and inventory levels in accordance with them.
• Install dependable Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to streamline and automate
order processing and inventory management, among other supply chain operations.

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5. Technological Adoption:
• Invest in research and development of textiles embedded with sensors and IoT devices for
applications in health monitoring, sports, and fashion.
• Use IoT devices in industrial gear to gather data in real-time, allowing for predictive
maintenance, cutting down on downtime, and increasing the overall effectiveness of the
equipment.
• Adopt waterless dyeing technologies to innovative dyeing processes that reduce water
consumption and minimize environmental impact.
• Explore recycling technologies for textile waste, promoting a circular economy and reducing
the environmental footprint of the industry.
• Evaluate how technological advancements impact efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and product
quality.

6. Labor and Social Issues:

• Engage with local communities around textile facilities to understand and address their needs.
Support community development projects, such as education and healthcare initiatives.
• Supplier Code of Conduct: Provide a comprehensive code of conduct for suppliers that
addresses their social and moral responsibilities and enforces it. Conduct routine supplier
audits to make sure compliance.
• Ensure that textile workers receive fair wages and benefits in accordance with labor laws.
Regularly review and adjust compensation to keep pace with inflation and living costs.
• Invest in creating and maintaining safe working environments. Regularly conduct safety audits
and training programs to minimize accidents and health hazards.
• Ensure that factories and facilities meet safety standards and provide adequate amenities for
workers, such as clean drinking water, sanitation facilities, and proper lighting.
• Assess the industry's efforts towards social responsibility and ethical sourcing.

7. Export and Trade:

• Identify and target new international markets to reduce dependence on specific regions.
• Carry out market research to comprehend consumer desires and preferences across
international borders.
• Form strategic alliances and partnerships with international retailers, brands, and distributors.
• Collaborate with global fashion designers to create unique and marketable products.
• Focus on continuous product innovation and maintain high-quality standards to meet
international benchmarks.
• Make research and development investments to bring forth innovative designs, materials, and
technologies.
• Ensure compliance with international quality and safety standards to gain the trust of global
consumers.
• Adhere to ethical and sustainable practices to meet the growing demand for environmentally
friendly products.

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• Advocate for supportive government policies that facilitate export activities.
• Engage in discussions with government bodies to address trade barriers and negotiate favorable
trade agreements.
• Analyze trade agreements, tariffs, and geopolitical factors influencing international trade.

8. Consumer Trends:
• The rise of e-commerce and digital platforms has led to increased interest in personalized and
customized products. Consumers appreciate the ability to tailor their purchases to their
preferences.
• Indian textile companies can leverage digital technologies for online customization platforms,
allowing consumers to personalize fabrics, designs, and even clothing sizes.
• Consumer Preference: While fast fashion remains popular, there is a growing movement
towards "slow fashion." Consumers are seeking durable, timeless pieces over rapidly changing
trends.
• The industry can explore sustainable and durable materials, promote classic designs, and
educate consumers about the benefits of investing in quality, long-lasting clothing.
• Consumers appreciate brands that embrace diversity and promote inclusivity in their
marketing, advertising, and product offerings.
• Indian textile companies should focus on offering diverse and inclusive product ranges,
showcasing models from various backgrounds and body types, and promoting a positive and
inclusive brand image.
• Evaluate how changing consumer preferences impact product development and marketing
strategies.

9. Financial Performance of Key Players:

It is necessary to examine the financial results of the main players in the market in order to
comprehend the overall situation and advancements of the Indian textile industry.

• Begin by identifying the major companies in the Indian textile industry. Look at both large
conglomerates and smaller, niche players.
• Take into account businesses engaged in several textile industry sectors, including yarn, fabric,
and apparel manufacture.
• Obtain the financial statements of the significant participants and carefully review them. The
income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement are made up of these.
• Examine past few years' sales trends, profit margins, and general financial soundness.
• Compute and analyze profitability ratios such as gross profit margin, operating profit margin,
and net profit margin. These ratios provide insight into the company's ability to make money
at different stages of the manufacturing cycle.
• Examine liquidity ratios, such as the quick and current ratios, to assess a company's
immediate financial situation.
• Examine the effectiveness of managing working capital and the capacity to fulfill immediate
obligations.

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• Look at solvency ratios to determine the company's long-term financial stability, such as the
debt-to-equity and interest coverage ratios.
• Evaluate the degree of indebtedness and debt servicing capacity.
• Examine asset turnover ratios to find out how well the business uses its resources to produce
income.
• To determine how effective inventory management and credit policies are, measure the
turnover of both inventories and receivables.
• Examine the extent of funds allocated to research and development endeavors. Businesses that
put money into innovation are better positioned to develop and remain competitive over the
long run.
• Evaluate capital expenditure trends to understand how much companies are investing in
upgrading and expanding their production capacities.
• Identify if these investments align with industry trends and demands.
• Understand the market share of key players in different segments of the textile industry.
• Analyze any changes in market share over time and consider the impact of market positioning
on financial performance.
• Take into account how external factors affect the financial performance of important
participants, such as variations in the price of raw materials, fluctuations in currency exchange
rates, and conditions in the global economy.
• Evaluate how well companies are adapting to external challenges.
• Assess the transparency and corporate governance practices of key players. Companies with
strong governance structures are often more resilient to financial shocks.
• Examine the financial results of important industry participants. Seek out trends and patterns
that are similar or different between businesses.
• Consider the company's strategic plans and outlook for future growth. Evaluate any expansion
plans, diversification efforts, or initiatives to enter new markets.
• Analyze the financial health of major companies within the industry.

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Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Indian textile sector is very significant both domestically and internationally.
The sector contributes significantly to the economy, the creation of jobs, and export earnings. In
order to support the industry, several initiatives have been put in place in recent years, such as
policy reforms, support for small and large businesses, and investments in skill development. With
a vast range of products appropriate for various market sectors, the industry has a long history and
reflects the unique culture and customs of the nation. The industry's expansion has been
demonstrated by its capacity to manufacture a wide variety of goods, its investment in cutting-
edge technology, and its diversification into synthetic fibers.

However, the industry has also faced challenges, especially during the global economic crisis, and
has had to adapt to changes in global demand. Integrating modernization, skill development, and
sustainable practices has resulted in the sector's resilience and adaptability. Since the industry is
always changing, it's critical to monitor every stage of the value chain, from raw materials to
finished goods, adopt sustainable practices, and maintain your competitiveness in the global
market. The nation's social and economic progress continues to be largely fueled by the textile
industry in India, which has shown encouraging growth potential.
India's textile industry has a significant historical and economic impact. It significantly affects the
nation's employment market and economic landscape. The sector's complex structure, which is
made up of both organized and unorganized segments, has a significant effect on the creation of
jobs and overall economic growth. But the fragmented organization has issues, especially when it
comes to social responsibility. Even though India's textile industry makes a substantial
contribution to the country's job market and economic growth, there are undoubtedly social impact
issues. The importance of the sector placing social responsibility at the top of its development plan
is emphasized in the report. These issues must be resolved if the industry is to have inclusive and
all-encompassing growth. Despite these challenges, there is optimism for the industry's growth
potential given the ambitious targets set for exports and economic contributions in the foreseeable
future. The Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and other government programs show a
commitment to enhancing and promoting the industry's global competitiveness. India's textile and
apparel sector is ideally positioned for sustained growth because of its inherent strengths and
committed efforts to advance technology.
In order to achieve long-term prosperity and positive social effect, the industry must shift to a more
sustainable and socially conscious model. The textile industry is going through a revolutionary
period characterized by a dedication to ethical and sustainable methods as well as a heightened
sense of social responsibility. The industry's changing position in societal development is
highlighted by the diverse nature of corporate obligations, as defined by the responsibilities
towards different stakeholders. In response to globalization, technology improvements, and
changing customer tastes, the industry's trajectory has been shaped by three emerging critical
pillars: sustainability, skill development, and community participation.
The case studies of Arvind Mills and Welspun show how top companies are adopting a holistic
strategy for social responsibility. Their programs in the areas of community development,
healthcare, education, and environmental protection demonstrate a commitment to making a good

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difference that goes beyond just financial concerns. These initiatives show a sense of corporate
responsibility as well as an understanding of the relationship between societal well-being and
economic success. Moreover, the discussion surrounding skill development programs emphasizes
how dynamic the textile sector is and how important flexibility and ongoing education are. A
competent and adaptable workforce is more and more needed as businesses diversify and
reorganize. The importance of continuing talent development initiatives is emphasized in the
conclusion as a means of providing the industry's workers with the skills required to promote
innovation, efficiency, and competitiveness.
The textile industry's ability to negotiate complexity, invest in skill training, and align with
sustainable and ethical standards will be critical in the face of market pressures and structural
changes. The comprehensive conclusion sums up the industry's path towards a future that is more
accountable and flexible, recognizing the complex relationships that exist between business
success, social welfare, and the development of a trained labor force. These factors will surely
influence the textile industry's adaptability, expansion, and overall contribution to the advancement
of society as a whole as it continues to change. The Indian textile industry is undergoing massive
transformations, supported by significant government initiatives aimed at fostering growth,
sustainability, and skill development. The establishment of comprehensive textile centers is the
main goal of the Pradhan Mantri Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel Parks (PM MITRA)
strategy. The whole textile value chain—from farm to fiber to manufacture to design to export—
will be established with this idea. With a calculated investment of Rs. 4,445 crores, PM MITRA
Parks aims to improve India's position in the global textile market by 2026–2027.
Another important government initiative aimed at boosting domestic production, especially in the
textile industry, is the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme. It is anticipated that the PLI
Scheme, which provides incentives based on the volume of locally produced goods sold, will boost
export growth in industries like technical textiles and apparel made of man-made fibers, expand
production capacity, and generate job opportunities. The Ministry of Textiles' Samarth effort is
noteworthy for being a comprehensive skill development effort for the textile industry, with an
objective of training 10 lakh people by 2020. Samarth is actively supporting the expansion of the
business by addressing a variety of skill development needs and improving workforce capacities,
especially for women. The company places equal emphasis on organized and traditional segments.

This study explores the complexities of the Indian textile sector, offering complex perspectives
from a number of angles. Consumer preferences clearly show a significant desire for textiles made
of cotton, with innovation and sustainability acting as major motivators. Segments such as silk and
wool, on the other hand, face difficulties due to large investments and market expansion.

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