CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE

Contents
VLAN ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
VTP...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
EtherChannel ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
INTER VLAN ROUTING (IVR) ................................................................................................................................ 14
ROUTER ON STICK (ROAS) .................................................................................................................................. 16
SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (STP)....................................................................................................................... 20
ROUTING ........................................................................................................................................................... 26
STATIC ROUTING ................................................................................................................................................ 26
DEFAULT ROUTING ............................................................................................................................................ 31
ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL (RIP) .......................................................................................................... 32
ENHANCED INTERIOR GATEWAY ROUTING PROTOCOL(EIGRP) ............................................................................ 37
OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST (OSPF) ................................................................................................................... 41
DHCP and DNS .................................................................................................................................................. 48
NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL (NTP) ...................................................................................................................... 53
TELNET, SSH, HTTP, HTTPS .................................................................................................................................. 54
ACCESS-CONTROL LIST (ACL)............................................................................................................................... 58
NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSALATION (NAT) & ..................................................................................................... 63
PORT ADDRESS TRANSLATION (PAT)................................................................................................................... 63
ACL AND NAT ..................................................................................................................................................... 68
HOW TO ADD YOUR LAPTOP/PC TO EVE-NG LAB SETUP ...................................................................................... 74
SYSLOG .............................................................................................................................................................. 77
CDP ................................................................................................................................................................... 80
LLDP .................................................................................................................................................................. 81
PASSWORD ASSIGNMENT .................................................................................................................................. 82
PASSWORD RECOVERY ....................................................................................................................................... 85
IOS UPGRADATION ............................................................................................................................................ 87
L2 SECURITY ....................................................................................................................................................... 90
IPv6 ................................................................................................................................................................. 111

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
VLAN
VLAN stands for virtual local area network. VLAN is a technology we use for the purpose of
Broadcast isolation or segregation of LAN .
Generally what happen in company there is so many department , for that each and every
department require pc and to connect that pc we require Switch .If we buy different switch
for each department the cost of IT infra will going to increase ,to save that cost company
implement vlan on their switch.so here we go.

Task-1.1 Create VLAN

VLAN 10 sales
VLAN 20 mrkt
VLAN 30 finance
VLAN 40 IT
Task-1.2 IP Range

VLAN 10 - 192.168.10.0/27 For sales department require IP is 30

VLAN 20 - 192.168.20.0/26 For marketing department require IP is 42
VLAN 30 - 192.168.30.0/27 For finance department require IP is 25
VLAN 40 - 192.168.40.0/28 For IT department require IP is 14
Task-1.3 Assign VLAN to the respected port as per diagram & assign IP to the pc

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
SOLUTION
So, start first with the switch
Switch> enable
Switch#configure terminal
Step 1:- Now we have to create VLAN
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config)#name sales
Switch(config)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 20
Switch(config)#name mrkt
Switch(config)#exit
Switch(config)#Vlan 30
Switch(config)#name finance
Switch(config)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 40
Switch(config)#name IT
Switch(config)#exit
Step 2 :- Assignment of VLAN
Now open interface and assign VLAN
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
Switch(config)#Switchport mode access
Switch(config)#Switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config)#Exit
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 0/1
Switch(config)#switchport mode access
Switch(config)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config)#exit
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 0/2
Switch(config)# switchport mode access
Switch(config)# switchport access vlan 20
Switch(config)# exit
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 0/3
Switch(config)# switchport mode access
Switch(config)# switchport access vlan 20
Switch(config)# exit

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 1/0
Switch(config)# switchport mode access
Switch(config)# switchport access vlan 30
Switch(config)# exit
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 1/1
Switch(config)# switchport mode access
Switch(config)# switchport access vlan 30
Switch(config)# exit
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 1/2
Switch(config)# switchport mode access
Switch(config)# switchport access vlan 30
Switch(config)# exit
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 1/3
Switch(config)# switchport mode access
Switch(config)# switchport access vlan 40
Switch(config)# exit
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 2/0
Switch(config)# switchport mode access
Switch(config)# switchport access vlan 40
Switch(config)# exit
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 2/1
Switch(config)# switchport mode access
Switch(config)# switchport access vlan 40
Switch(config)# exit
Note- Assign IP to the respected VLAN Pc’s
VERIFICATION
Switch# show vlan

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Switch# Show running-config

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
VTP
VTP stands for VLAN Trunking Protocol. why we use VTP? This is the important question we
generally face. So, in the company there were almost 30-40 switches more or less. As
engineer we need to configure each and every switch and if each switch has minimum 10
VLAN on it. It means 40 Switches x 10 VLAN per switch = 400 times you need create vlan.to
reduce this task and to make all switches manageable we configure VTP.
So here we go,

Task 2.1- Create VLAN on sw1

Task 2.2- Make interface trunk on sw1 eth0/0 and sw2 eth0/0 & eth0/1 , sw3 eth0/0
Task 2.3- Configure VTP mode, vtp domain, vtp password on all switches.
SOLUTION
Task 2.1
sw1(config)#vlan 10
sw1(config-vlan)#name sales
sw1(config-vlan)#exit
sw1(config)#vlan 20
sw1(config-vlan)#name mrkt
sw1(config-vlan)#exit
sw1(config)#vlan 30
sw1(config-vlan)#name IT
sw1(config-vlan)#exit
sw1(config)#vlan 40
sw1(config-vlan)#name DC
sw1(config-vlan)#exit

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Task 2.2
On switch 1
sw1(config)#interface ethernet0/0
sw1(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
sw1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
sw1(config-if)#exit
On switch 2
sw2(config)#interface ethernet0/0
sw2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
sw2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
sw2(config-if)#exit
sw2(config)#interface ethernet0/1
sw2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
sw2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
sw2(config-if)#exit
On switch 3
sw3(config)#interface ethernet0/0
sw3(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
sw3(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
sw3(config-if)#exit
Task 2.3
sw1(config)#vtp mode server
Device mode already VTP Server for VLANS.
sw1(config)#vtp domain ccn.com
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to ccn.com
sw1(config)#vtp password ccn@123
Setting device VTP password to ccn@123
sw2(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP Client mode for VLANS.
sw2(config)#vtp domain ccn.com
Domain name already set to ccn.com.
sw2(config)#vtp password ccn@123
Setting device VTP password to ccn@123
sw3(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP Client mode for VLANS.
sw3(config)#vtp domain ccn.com
Domain name already set to ccn.com.
sw3(config)#vtp password ccn@123
Setting device VTP password to ccn@123

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
VERIFICATION
Verification of #show vlan command
Sw1

Sw2

Sw3

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Verification of #show vtp status command
Sw1

Sw2

Sw3

Note – After VLAN data forwarding to each and every switch via vtp configuration we can
assign VLAN to switchports with the help of Step 2 :- Assignment of VLAN

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
EtherChannel
EtherChannel is a technology use to Bundle/Aggregate the Link/Node/Port, with the use of
some protocols such as LACP or PAgP.
Why we use EtherChannel?
When we face lack of bandwidth with links then at that time we configure EtherChannel to
bundle the link and get combined speed. Like each interface is ethernet means 10MBPS of
each then, if we bundle 3 link at a time then the combine speed will be 300 MBPS

EtherChannel uses PAgP or LACP as a Negotiation Protocol

LINK AGGREGATION CONTROL PROTOCOL (LACP)

❖ LACP was made by IEEE and define with code of 802.3ad
❖ LACP is a Open Source and support all vendors in the market
❖ LACP adds up LACPDU to establish a etherchannel
❖ LACP has two modes
1. Active – enable LACP unconditionally
2. passive – enable LACP when LACP device is detected

PORT AGGREGATION CONTROL PROTOCOL (PAgP)

❖ PAgP was made by cisco.
❖ PAgP is a Cisco Proprietary Protocol. Hence, it only supports cisco devices
❖ PAgP has two modes
1. Desirable – enable PAgP unconditionally
2. Auto – enable PAgP when PAgP device is detected

So here we go,

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Task 3
Task 3.1 - Configure sw1 interface ethernet 0/0, 0/1, 0/2 for EtherChannel
Task 3.2 - Configure sw2 interface ethernet 0/0, 0/1, 0/2 for EtherChannel
Task 3.3 – Configure sw1 to sw2 link as a trunk

Solution,
Task 3.1
Sw1
sw1(config)#interface range ethernet 0/0-2
sw1(config)#channel-protocol lacp
sw1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode active
Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel 1
sw1(config-if-range)#exit
Task 3.2
sw2
sw2(config)#interface range ethernet 0/0-2
sw1(config)#channel-protocol lacp
sw2(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode active
Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel 1
sw2(config-if-range)#exit
Task 3.3
Sw1
sw1(config)#interface range ethernet 0/0-2
sw1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
sw1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
sw1(config-if-range)#exit
OR
sw1(config)#interface port-channel 1
sw1(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
sw1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
sw1(config-if)#exit

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
sw2
sw2(config)#interface range ethernet 0/0-2
sw2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
sw2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
sw2(config-if-range)#exit
VERIFICATION
Sw1

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
sw2

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
INTER VLAN ROUTING (IVR)
❖ Inter VLAN routing is method we use for the purpose of inter VLAN communication.
❖ Inter VLAN Routing is a new method to route between Multiple VLAN’s.
❖ Inter VAN Routing require one device which is L3 Switch.
So here we go,

TASK
Task 4.1 Configure switch with VLAN 10 – SALES & VLAN 20 – MRKT
Task 4.2 Implement VLAN on the respected interface as per Diagram
Task 4.3 Create Default Gateway for the VLAN 10 & VLAN 20 PC’s
Task 4.4 Assign IP to the PC
SOLUTION
Task 4.1 On switch,first we need to create vlan
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#name SALES
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#name MRKT
Switch(config-vlan)#exit

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Task 4.2 We need to apply vlan on interface
Switch(config)#interface range gigabitethernet0/0-1
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if-range)#exit
Switch(config)#interface range gigabitethernet0/2-3
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
Switch(config-if-range)#exit
Task 4.3 Now, we need to configure interface vlan as a gateway for the PC’s
Switch(config)#interface vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config-if)#interface vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
Switch(config-if)#exit
Note - Now IP given on interface VLAN, will become a gateway for the PC to communicate
over the VLAN.
VERIFICATION

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
ROUTER ON STICK (ROAS)
❖ Router On Stick is also method to establish communication between two or more VLAN.
❖ Router On Stick configuration is old Method
❖ It requires 2 devices that is Router and L2 Switch
so here we go,

TASK
Task 5.1 Configure VLAN 10 – SALES & VLAN 20 – MRKT
TASK 5.2 Implement VLAN on respected interface
Task 5.3 Make interface Trunk which is connected to Router
Task 5.4 Create a gateway on Router
Task 5.5 Assign IP’s to the PC of respected VLAN
SOLUTION
Task 5.1 First we need to Create VLAN
SW(config)#vlan 10
SW(config-vlan)#name SALES
SW(config-vlan)#exit

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
SW(config)#vlan 20
SW(config-vlan)#name MRKT
SW(config-vlan)#exit
Task 5.2 We need to Assign VLAN
SW(config)#interface range ethernet 0/1-2
SW(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
SW(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
SW(config-if-range)#exit

SW(config)#interface range ethernet 0/3 , ethernet 1/0

SW(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
SW(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
SW(config-if-range)#exit
Task 5.3 Now we have to create trunk
SW(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
SW(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
SW(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW(config-if)#exit
Task 5.4 Now, configure router
R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0.10
R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 10
R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#no shutdown
R1(config-subif)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0.20
R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 20
R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#no shutdown
R1(config-subif)#exit

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
VERIFICATION
On Router

On Switch

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
METHOD 2

Creation of VLAN
SW(config)#vlan 10
SW(config-vlan)#name SALES
SW(config-vlan)#exit
SW(config)#vlan 20
SW(config-vlan)#name MRKT
SW(config-vlan)#exit
VLAN Assignment
SW(config)#interface range ethernet 0/2-3
SW(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
SW(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
SW(config-if-range)#exit
SW(config)#interface range ethernet 1/0-1
SW(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
SW(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
SW(config-if-range)#exit
Configure switch interface which is connected to the router
SW(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
SW(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
SW(config-if)#exit
SW(config)#interface ethernet 0/1
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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
SW(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
SW(config-if)#exit
Now, configure router
R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
NOTE:-In this method we are not configuring only one interface for multiple VLAN rather
we are configuring multiple interfaces for multiple VLAN .that’s why here we are not
configuring trunk interface.
VERIFICATION
On Switch

On Router

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (STP)
Spanning tree is a loop prevention mechanism, generally used to stop broadcast storm in a
Switch based network topology.it uses election method to select a ROOT BRIDGE in a switch
network to have control over a switch network. if switch will able to choose a root bridge,
then all the traffic passes through that root bridge where, it uses
STEP-1 SELECTION OF ROOT BRIDGE
1.lowest priority
❖ Default priority of every cisco switch is 32,768
❖ Then it adds up a VLAN ID so default VLAN is 1, hence ultimate value become a
32,769 (32,768+1)
❖ So, the default priority of every switch is same hence it tie up this criteria ,then the next
criteria is
2.lowest MAC address
The first question is how to calculate lowest mac address
Here it is, MAC address is Hexadecimal value consist of numbers and alphabets
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HERE 0 IS LOWEST, THEN MOVE IT FORWARD TO F IS HIGHEST
NOTE:- IF LOWEST PRORITY HIT THEN ROOT BRIDGE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF LOWEST
PRIORITY, IF THAT CRITERIA TIE UP THEN MOVE FORWARD TO LOWEST MAC ADDRESS.
STEP-2 SELECTION OF ROOT PORT
Root port get selected on the basis of port cost which is already assigned on interfaces
Default Port Cost of interface
INTERFACE TYPE PORT COST
ETHERNET (10MBPS) 100
FAST ETHERNET (100 MBPS) 19
1 GIGABIT ETHERNET (1 GBPS) 4
10 GIGABIT ETHERNET (10 GBPS) 2
Root port defines the nearest path to reach the destination
So, the rule is
Root port  designated port [RP=DP]
Designated port  root port or block port [DP=RP / DP=BP]
Root bridge has each port as designated port, and ports on other switches can be root port
or block port
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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
STEP -3 SELECTION OF BLOCK PORT
In the process of selection of block port switch uses a lowest priority and lowest MAC
address criteria again, the same criteria applied here as it is. If the lowest priority is equal,
then it move toward the lowest mac address.
TASK 6
Task 6.1 Verify the root bridge
Task 6.2 Change the root bridge
Task 6.3 Change the port cost
So, let’s start

In this picture
Sw-1 Will become a root bridge

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Now see switch 1 has all port ad designated port
Now, we are going to change root bridge
We going to plan switch 2 must be root bridge and if switch 2 fails in network switch 3 will
become a root bridge

In this switch 2 configuration we can clearly see eth 0/0 selected as root port cause the cost
to reach the root bridge is only 100. if switch chooses other route it will take 200 cost, to
reach the destination. (from switch 2 >switch 3 > switch 1= 200 cost)

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Same goes with switch 3

In this switch eth0/0 will become a root bridge as the cost is 100, whereas if switch chooses
a different path to reach the destination it will take more cost than usual (from switch 3 >
switch 2 > switch 1= 200 cost)
Now what if we dedicatedly want to change the root bridge role from switch 1 to switch 2
So, we play with switch priority first because we won’t change the mac address of the
switches.
SW-2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary
We make switch 2 as root bridge by giving above command

As a result of that command switch 2 act as a root switch

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Now,
SW-3(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root secondary
By giving this above command we make switch 3 as a secondary root switch means if switch
2 fails as a root bridge. Then, switch 3 will become a root bridge.
Now how to change path cost

See, switch 3 has root port as eth 0/1 after changing the path cost. we make other port as a
root port
SW-3(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
SW-3(config-if)#spanning-tree cost 10
SW-3(config-if)#exit
By applying such command on switch 3 ethernet 0/0, switch 1 – ethernet 0/0 & 0/1, switch
2 ethernet 0/0 we create root port on switch 3 from 0/1 to 0/0

25
AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
ROUTING
Router is a device which we use for the purpose of routing. Now, there is a question what is
routing. routing means to route a data packet between networks .in layman language
routing means to show the path to the data packet.
here we go to the routing
routing has generally major two type
1. static routing
2. dynamic routing
STATIC ROUTING – In this method we as a network engineer, have to define each and every
route to the destination on every router till the destination.
DYNAMIC ROUTING – In this method we as a network engineer, have to only advertise the
network which is directly connected to router. Dynamic Routing has different types of
protocol, some of them are RIPv1 , RIPv2 , EIGRP , OSPF , ETC

STATIC ROUTING
LET’S START WITH THE STATIC ROUTING FIRST
TASK-7
Task 7.1 provide hostname accordingly
Task 7.2 Assign IP address to interface
Task 7.3 Do static routing, PC-1,2,3 should communicate withPC-4,5,6

IN THE ABOVE LAB CONFIGURE THE GIVEN TASK

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
R1
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/2
R1(config-if)#ip address 20.21.21.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R2
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 20.21.21.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface ethernet 0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 45.62.60.1 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface ethernet 0/2
R2(config-if)#ip address 16.15.1.1 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#exit
R3
Router(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 45.62.60.2 255.255.255.252
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface ethernet 0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 199.56.66.1 255.255.255.252
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
R4
Router(config)#hostname R4
R4(config)#interface ethernet 0/1
R4(config-if)#ip address 16.15.1.2 255.255.255.252
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#exit
R4(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 166.15.89.1 255.255.255.252
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#exit
R5
Router(config)#hostname R5
R5(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
R5(config-if)#ip address 199.56.66.2 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#no shutdown
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#interface ethernet 0/1
R5(config-if)#ip address 166.15.89.2 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#no shutdown
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#interface ethernet 0/2
R5(config-if)#ip address 20.21.22.1 255.255.255.224
R5(config-if)#no shutdown
R5(config-if)#exit
R6
Router(config)#hostname R6
R6(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
R6(config-if)#ip address 20.21.22.2 255.255.255.224
R6(config-if)#no shutdown
R6(config-if)#exit
R6(config)#interface ethernet 0/1
R6(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#no shutdown
R6(config-if)#exit

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE
Now, we have done with initial configuration part that is IP’S to the interface and hostname
to router.
Well further we have to do is static routing. Let’s start with it.
In static routing we have to define path to reach the destination.
Command for static routing
IP ROUTE <….Dest Network Address…...> <……Dest Subnet Mask….> <Next hop ip
address>

Before starting with routing there is no route to the destination of 192.168.20.0 network.
so, we have to provide path for that network.
Start with R1,
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 20.21.21.2
Destination network address- 192.168.20.0
Destination subnet mask – 255.255.255.0
Next hop ip address – 20.21.21.2
After static routing command, there is an additional route start with “S”

Same thing we have to do with other routers, each router require path to reach the
destination.
R2
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 45.62.60.2

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AUTHOR:- KUSHAL H. KORDE