MEO Class I & II – E-Tech Theory

Ward-Leonard
1. Drawn a detail a Ward-Leonard system installation used onboard a ship (12)

State where and why they are used onboard. (4)

AC Motor/ single phasing

2. (a) What are the possible causes of the motor failure. (4)

(b) State the routine maintenance for a.c. motor. (6)

(c) Explain the meaning of "single phasing ". (2)

(d) State the possible causes of "single phasing ". (4)

3. (a) Explain the construction and operation principle of single phase transformer (8)

(b) Explain the transformer losses. (8)

Induction motor
4. (a) Explain the principle and operation of induction motor (6)

(b) Describe the construction of induction motor. (6)

(c) Define the term synchronous speed and slip. (4)

5. Describe the star-delta method of starting a cage-type, 3 phase induction motor with the aid of
sketch and disadvantage of this method of starting. (16)

6. (a) Explain with the aid of simple sketches, the soft starter. (8)

(b) Explain with the aid of simple sketches, the DOL starter control on 3 phase induction motor.
(8)

7. (a)What are the causes of induction motor failure. (8)

(b) Describe a procedure for drying out an electrical motor which has been immersed in sea water.

Batteries
8. (a) Describe the changes which takes place within a lead-acid battery during discharge and

When charging is taking place. (6)

(b) Explain ( i ) Why the rate of charge will effect gassing. (2)
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(ii) The risk associated with gassing and safeguards in battery compartments. (3)

(iii) The reason for distilled water topped up. (2)

(iv) The remedy for spillage of electrolyte on the skin. (3)

9. Explain the emergency battery charging system. Show a typical wiring diagram for two batteries
working on a charge-discharge cycle. (16)

10. (a) Describe the changes which takes place within a lead-acid battery during discharge and when
charging is taking place. (6)

(b) Explain the battery charging systems, quick or full charge and float or trickle charge, with aid
of sketch. (10)

11. (a) Explain the emergency battery trickle charge and full charge system. (8)

(b) Show a typical wiring diagram for two batteries working on a charge and discharge cycle.

(8)

Starters (Star- delta)

12. (a) Explain the aid of simple sketch of soft starter (8)

(b) Explain with the aid of simple sketches, the DOL starter control on 3 phase induction motor.

(8)

13. (a) Describe the star-delta method of starting a 3 phase induction motor with the aid of sketch.

(10)

(b) Explain the advantage disadvantage of this method of starting. (6)

14. (a) What is the principle purpose of motor starting methods and write down the name of motor
starting methods that you know. (4)

(b) Explain soft starter method with the aid of simple sketch. (12)

15. Explain starting method of reducing voltage and describe the star-delta method of starting for 3

phase squirrel cage induction motor with the aid of sketch. (16)
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Voltage regulator
16. (a) What is the purpose of fitting Automatic Voltage Regulator on an auxiliary engine?
(6)

(b) Describe how an automatic voltage regulator monitors output voltage and controls the
excitation system for [Link] (10)

17. Describe the Carbon Pile Automatic Voltage Regulator with the aid of simple circuit and
sketches. (16)

Electrical survey
18. How will you prepare for electrical survey for UMS operation?

With respect to electrical survey. How will you prepare for Unattended Machinery Survey (UMS)?

(16)

19. How will you prepare for emergency power and associated equipment and cables survey?

(16)

20. (a) How will you prepare alternators and main switch board for survey. (10)

(b)Describe the method of testing the safety trips and relays. (6)

21. With respect to electrical survey;

(a)How will you prepare for generator and main switch board survey? (10)

(b)Describe the method of testing main switch board safety trips or relays and their adjustment to
be carried out if necessary. (6 )

22. With respect to electrical survey, how will you prepare for emergency power and associated
equipment and parts of steering gear survey? (16)

23. How will you prepare for main circuit breakers, motors and starters survey? (16)

24. How would you prepare main circuit breaker survey for visual examination, generator change over
operation and reverse power trip test? (16)

Short notes
25. (a) State the reason for carrying out insulation tests on electrical machinery. (3)
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(b)How will you test the insulation resistance on electrical motor. (5)

(c)What is the minimum requirement for insulation result? (2)

(d)Describe the procedure for drying out an electric motor which has been immersed in sea water.

(6)

26. Write short notes for the followings with the aid of simplified circuit diagram.

(a) Battery charging from d.c. main. (3)

(b) Battery charging from a.c. main (3)

(c) Function test of relays (5)

(d) Function test of contactors. (5)

27. Write short notes for the following.

(a) Drag cup tachometer (6)

(b) Pneumatic nozzle flapper. (10)

28. Describe the followings with the aid of sketches.

(a) Bi-metal type thermometer. (4)

(b) Wax element temperature control valve (4)

(c) Differential pressure cell. (4)

29. Regarding with control systems define the followings

(a) Closed loop control (4)

(b) Cascade control (4)

(c) Ratio Control (4)

(d) Split range control (4)

30. Write short notes for the following:

(a) Synchroscope and its connection to main circuit (6 )

(b) Ammeter or voltmeter construction to the main circuit. (5)

(c) Earth detecting lamp and its connections to the main circuit. (5)
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31. With respect to control terminology, define the following terms:

(1) Controlled condition,

(2) Monitoring element,

(3) Measured value,

(4) Deviation,

(5) Offset,

(6) Control point,

(7) Error signal and

(8) Feedback. (2)

Synchronizing
32. (a) What are the likely consequences of attempting to close the incoming breaker when the
generators are not in synchronism ? (3)

(b) How could you monitor the correct instant for synchronizing with and without the aid of a

synchroscope. (13)

33. (a) Explain the sequence of operation for putting a generator on to bus bar to which another generator
is already connected and for making the incoming generator take a share of the load. (10)

(b) How could you monitor the correct instant for synchronizing without the aid of a synchroscope
or synchronizing lamps? (6 )

34. (a) Explain the construction and principle operation of the induction motor. (10)

(b) Define the terms of ‘synchronous’ speed and ‘slip’. (6)

35. (a) Explain the construction and operation principle of 3-phase synchronous motors. (8)

(b) Define the term synchronous speed and power factor correction. (8)

36. (a) Explain the construction and operation principle of synchronous generator (Alternator).

(8)

(b) Explain, with the aid of simple sketches, the basic function of three phase static compound
excitation. (8)
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Transistor
37. (a) Explain with the aid of simple sketch the operation of PNP transistor. (8)

(b) Explain any two of the following with the aid of simple sketch.

(i) MOSFET operation

(ii) Snubber circuit (4)

(iii) Thyristor (4)

38. (a) Explain with the aid of simple sketch the operation of NPN transistor. (8)

(b) Explain about unijunction and thyristor with sketch. (8)

39. (a) Explain with the aid of simple sketch the operation of PNP transistor. (8)

(b) Explain briefly about Diode and UJT with sketch. (8)

40. (a) Explain about BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor). (8)

(b) Describe about NPN and PNP transistor with sketch. (8)

41. (a) Describe about Op-amp (Operational Amplifier) (8)

(b) Explain about amplification. (8)

42. (a) Describe briefly about Thyristor. (8)

(b) Explain about GTO (Gate Turn Off Thyristor) (8)

43. (a) Describe briefly about Diode. (4)

(b) Describe about Silicon Control Rectifier. (6)

(c) Explain about rectification with sketch. (6)

Logic control
44. (a) What is programmable logic controller? (8)

(b) What do you understand the logic gate? Explain with one example how does logic gate work.
(8)

45. (a) Make symbols and truth table of the output of the following two input logic gate.

(i) AND (ii) OR (iii) XOR (iv) XNOR (8)

(b) Draw the block diagram of the major components of a common PLC. (8)
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46. (a)Make symbols and truth table of the output of the following any two input logic gate. (4)

(i) AND

( ii ) OR

( iii ) XOR

( iv ) XNOR

(b)Draw a ladder diagram of PLC programme using logic OR gate and AND gate to control a pump.

(4)

(c) Explain about A/D (Analog to Digital) Converter. (8 marks)

47. (a) Draw the block diagram of major components of a common PLC. (4 )

(b) Explain briefly about the major components of a common PLCs. (12 )

48. (a) What is (PLC) programmable logic controller? (8 )

(b) What do you understand the logic gate? Explain with one example how logic gate work.

(8 )

IGBT

49. Explain with the aid of sketch the working principle of IGBT in varying motor speed control.

(16)

50. (a) Explain with the aid of simple sketches, Ward Leonardcontroller in DC motor speed control.
(8)

(b) Explain with the aid of simple sketches, IGBT controlled (PWM) inverter in AC motor speed
control. (8)

51. (a) Describe about IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor). (8)

(b) Explain about IGBT brick test procedure. (8)

Earth fault
52. (a) State with reasons, the most common locations of earth faults aboard ship (8)

(b) Explain how earth faults are detected on a three phase insulated [Link]. (8)
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53. (a)State the reason for carrying out insulation tests on electrical machinery. (8)

(b) State the routine maintenance which should be carried out on a.c. motors. (8)

AC Generator
54. Synchronous a.c. generators are usually provide on board ship. Explain in detail one type of generator
to:- (a) the construction; (b) the performance; and (c) the maintenance required. (16)

55. With respect to Synchronous a.c generators, explain in detail about the followings;

(a) Construction (4 )

(b) Working principle (6)

(c) Maintenance (6)

56. (a) What is the purpose of fitting Automatic Voltage Regulator on an auxiliary engine?
(8)
(b) Describe how an automatic voltage regulator monitors output voltage and controls the
excitation system for an A.C. generator. (8)

Control system
57. Describe the steam temperature control system with the aid of diagram (16)

58. Describe the engine lubricating oil temperature control with the aid of system diagram. (16)

59. (a) Sketch and describe about the device for controlling viscosity of the fuel oil to fuel injectors.

(10 )

(b)If the viscosity controller was in-operated condition what means may then be employed to operate
the engine satisfactorily. (6 )

60. (a)With reference to boiler water level control system, describe about the three elements control
with the aid of sketches. (10 )

(b)Explain the function of transmitter and control valve? (6 )

61. (a) How many type of steering gear control system? (4 )

(b) Describe with aid of sketch the Gyro (autopilot) control system? (12 )
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62. (a)Explain how the main engine control is transferred to engine room (engine side) control.
(4 )

(b) State, with reasons, the circumstances in which the engine room (engine side) control would be
used. (4 )

(c) Write a procedure for operating the engine from the engine room (engine side) control stand.

(8 )

63 Regarding with control systems define the following, (4)

(a) Closed loop control

(b) Desired value
(c) Deviation
(d) Offset

64. (a) Define about the Proportional Control action. (4)

(b) Describe about Proportional and Integral control action. (4)

(c) Describe about Proportional, Integral and Derivative control action. (8)

65. (a) Describe Pneumatic lock up and Fail Safe system (4)

(b) Please explain about Zieglar- Nicols tuning method. (12)

66. Regarding with resistance thermometers explain the following:

(a) RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors) (6)

(b) Thermistor (4)
(c) Bimetal resistance thermometer (6)

67. Regarding with control engineering;

(a) Explain the signal about 4-20 mA (8)

(b) Explain about A/D converter (Analog to Digital converter) (8)

Low voltage & protection

68. Explain why low voltage provided in an a.c. system. Briefly describe how this protected is effected.
(16)

69. Explain why low voltage protection is provided in an a.c. system. Briefly describe how this
protection affected. (16 )
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Integrated Circuit
70. (a) What is the integrated circuit? (10)

(b) Describe the advantages of IC. (6 )

Safety devices and trips

71. What are the main switch board safety devices? Discuss about the testing and adjustment of these
safety trips. (16)

72. (a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an over current trip. (8)

(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an under voltage trip ( Low voltage protection). (8)

Emergency power & Loads

73. (a) How would you prepare for emergency power and associated equipment. (8)

(b) Describe essential and non-essential load. (8)

FACTORS

74. Briefly describe the factors which contribute to the deterioration on marine electrical
machinery and how these factors are taking into account in the design of the equipment or in
its operation (16)

Miscellaneous
75. (a) State the reason for carrying out insulation tests on electrical machinery. (4)

(b)How will you test the insulation resistance on electrical motor and what is the
minimum requirement for insulation result. (4)

(c) Describe the procedure for drying out an electric motor which has been immersed in

sea water. (8)

76. (a) Explain the significance of earth fault onboard (10)

(b) Describe the insulated and earthed neutral system. (6)

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77. (a) Write short notes on shore connection. (8)

(b) Describe the three phase transformer open delta configuration (8)

78. (a)Sketch the electrical schematic diagram of an air circuit breaker. (8)

(b)Explain the principle of operation (8)

79. (a) Describe the theory of interference (5)

(b)What are the causes of interference (5)

(c)How will make the precautions for interference (6)

80. (a)Define the pneumatic volume booster relay with sketch (8)

(b)Define the forced balance proportional controller with sketch (8)

81. Write down notes on the following.

(a) What is the mechanism by which conduction takes place inside the semiconductor ? (4)

(b) What are freewheeling diodes ? (4)

(c) What are the advantages of pulse width modulation (PWM) technique of voltage control used
in inverters? (4)

(d) What are the differences between an SCR and a TRIAC ? (4)

82. Write down the notes on the following.

(i) Random Access Memory ( RAM ) (4)

(ii) Programmable ROM ( PROM ) (4)

(iii) Central processing unit (CPU ) (4)

(iv) Digital Signal (4)