TABLE OF CONTENTS

SI No Contents Page No.

1 Basic Textile wet Processing Terms 1

2 Sequence of operations in Wet processing of Knitted fabric 2

3 Brief Note on soft flow dyeing 3

4 Details of soft flow dyeing machine 4

5 Operating soft flow dyeing machine 7

6 Instructions during shift changing 11

7 Importance of Health & Safety 12

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1. BASIC TEXTILE WET PROCESSING TERMS

ABSORBENCY: The ability of one material to take up another material.

BLEACHING: It is a process to remove the natural and artificial impurities in fabrics

to obtain clear white for finished fabric or in preparation for dyeing and finishing.

DEFECTS: A general term that refers to some flaw in a textile product that detracts
from either performance or appearance properties.

DIMENSIONAL STABILITY: The ability of textile material to maintain or return to its

original geometric configuration.

DYEING: It is a process of coloring fibers, yarns, or fabrics with either natural or

synthetic dyes.

DYES: Substances that add color to textiles.

EFFLUENT: Waste water released after pretreatment, dyeing & finishing of Textile.

FINISHING: It includes various operations such as heat-setting, napping,

embossing, pressing, calendaring, and the application of chemicals that change the
character of the fabric.

HEAT-SETTING: The process of improving dimensional stability with high

temperature.

LUSTER: The quality of shining with reflected light on textile material.

MIGRATION: Movement of dye from one area of dyed fabric to another.

pH: Value indicating the acidity or alkalinity of a material.

PIGMENT: An insoluble, finely divided substance, used to color fibers, yarns, or

fabrics.

SCOURING: Any treatment of textile materials in dilute acid. Its purpose is the
neutralization of any alkali that is present in the material

SHRINKAGE: Widthwise or lengthwise contraction of a fiber, yarn, or fabric, usually

after wetting a re-drying or on exposure to elevated temperature.

SOFTENER: A product designed to impart soft mellowness to the fabric.

YARN: A generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material
in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile
fabric.
YARN COUNT: Yarn count is the numerical expression of yarn, which defines its
fineness or coarseness. (Linear density).

WIDTH: A horizontal measurement of a material. In woven fabric, it is the distance

from selvage to selvage, and in flat-knit fabric, the distance from edge to edge.

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2. SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS IN WET PROCESSING (KNITTED GOODS)
ENTRY OF GREY YARN

KNITITING

SCOURING & BLEACHING

DYEIING PRINTING

POST DYEING/ PRINTING PROCESSES

(CURING/STEAMING/FIXING/WASHING/DRYING)

FINISHING

BRUSHING / RAISING

COMPACTING

FINAL INSPECTION

PACKING

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3. BRIEF NOTE ABOUT SOFT FLOW DYEING MACHINE:

Batch dyeing process:

The dyeing of textile materials is carried out in various forms such as loose
stock, yarn, (in the form of hank cheese, cone, warp, etc) cloth (woven and knitted)
and garments. Dyeing of knitted goods is carried out in soft flow dyeing machine in
rope form. And this is called as “Batch dyeing technique”.

Principles of batch dyeing technique:

Batch processes are the most common method used to dye textile materials.
There are three general types of batch dyeing machines:
1. In which fabric is circulated
2. In which dye bath is circulated
3. In which both the bath and material is circulated.

Soft flow dyeing machine:

A soft flow dyeing machine is suitable for dyeing a wide range of knitted and
woven constructions of fabric in rope form. Both light and heavy fabric can be
processed easily with any fabric distortion by necessary arrangement. The fabric is
processed very gently without tension and slippage

Soft flow dyeing machine diagram

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Types of Soft Flow Dyeing Machine:
1. Multi Nozzle Soft Flow Dyeing Machine.
2. High Temperature High Pressure Soft Flow Dyeing Machine.
3. Simple soft flow dyeing machine.

Various processes involved in soft flow machine:

1. Scouring and bleaching

2. Dyeing

3. Washing and Neutralizing

4. Stripping of dyed goods

4. Details of soft flow dyeing machine:

 Machine body and major parts wetted by dyeing liquid are made of corrosion
resistant stainless steel. Inside of which fabric is loaded in rope form and all
the processes are carried out.

 Installed with highly efficient stainless steel centrifugal pump for circulating
the dyes and other chemical inside the machine.

 Pneumatic valves are provided for fill, drain and overflow rinse function a nd
Internal spray cleaning device.

 Highly efficient tubular heat exchanger for exchanging heat energy

 Pneumatic control valves are used for heating and cooling inside chamber
with temperature control function.

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 View of the soft flow dyeing machine

Different types of forming rope in soft flow dyeing machine

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Important Parts of Soft Flow dyeing machine

 Pressurizing and de pressurizing system for main vessel for maintaining the
pressure inside the chamber.
 Level indicator with level sensor for checking the level of the dyes and other
chemical.
 Service tank with feed pump, valves, stirring function and dosing control with
high precision flow control device
 Take off roller.

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5. Operating Soft flow dyeing machine:

Switch ON the Main power Open the steam, air and water valve

Set Temperature

Each tube setting

Set Water level

Circulation pump ON

Time setting

Loading of fabric

Unloading of fabric
Operating the main panel

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 Placing exact box for dyeing Loading of the machine inside main vessel

Addition of dyes in main tank Operating main panel

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 Drain last processed chemical Finally check the shade

Temperature v/s Timing chart (process wise)

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 Unloading of Fabric from Soft Flow Dyeing machine

 Understand and follow the instruction from lot card and programme book.

 Switch the main power ON and then open compressed air, water valve and
steam.

 Prepare all the chemicals in advance with required concentration.

 Keep all the prepared chemicals ready for entire process.

 Check the quality and lot number of the fabric before putting on the machine
by checking the label.

 Transport the fabric to be run, to feeding unit of the machine using hydraulic
hand puller.

 Load the fabric inside the machine by using take up roller.

 Switch on circulating pump while starting the machine.

 Set the sequence of operation in the presence of shift supervisor. (like

Scouring, bleaching, dyeing, washing).

 Set the recipe and weigh the chemicals according to the requirement.

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  Set the time and temperature of each process to be run.

 The main dyeing vessel is to be filled with required level of water .

 Observe the defect in the fabric before and during the process, report to the
shift in-charge if any irregularities observed.

 Keep the speed of machine uniform from starting to end of the process.

 Check actual flow rate of each chemical from flow meter as well as the
operating monitor.

 Check for various defects in the unloading fabric like stains – dust, chemicals,
rust, handling stains, crease, water dropping, oil, grease, etc.

Cleaning in soft flow dyeing machine:

 Remove regularly accumulated dust and dirt from the machine.

 Clean the main dyeing vessel and chemical preparation tank during every
process change.

 Clean the circulation line and filter properly.

 Clean all the level sensor and temperature sensor.

 Collect all the waste and store at designated place.

6. INSTRUCTIONS DURING SHIFT CHANGING:

Taking charge of duties while starting of shift:

 Come at least 10 - 15 minutes earlier to the work place.

 Meet the previous shift operator and discuss regarding the issues faced by
them with respect to the quality or production or spare or safety or any other
specific instruction etc.

 Understand the Fabric being processed & process running on the machine.

 Ensure technical details are mentioned on the job card & displayed in the
machine.

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  Check the next batch to be processed is ready near the machine.

 Check the cleanliness of the machines & other work areas.

 Question the previous shift operator for any deviation in the above and bring
the same to the knowledge of the shift superior.

Handing over charge at the end of shift:

 Properly hand over the shift to the incoming operator.

 Provide the details regarding fabric quality & the process running on the
machine.

 Provide all relevant information regarding the stoppages or breakdown in the

machine or any damage to the material or machine.

 Ensure the next lot to be processed is ready near the machine

 Get clearance from the incoming counterpart before leaving the work spot .

 Report to the shift supervisor in case the next shift operator doesn't report for
the shift.

 Report to the supervisor about the quality / production / safety issues/ any
other issues faced in the shift and leave the department only after getting
concurrence for the same from supervisor.

 Collect the wastes from waste bags, weigh them & transport to storage area.

7. Importance of Health and Safety:

 Use and maintain personal protective equipment such as Hand Gloves, Gum
Boots, head cap etc., as specified.

 Never handle chemicals with bare hands

 Report to the supervisor about any service malfunctions in the machine that
cannot be rectified.

 Store materials and equipment at their designated places.

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  Minimize health and safety risks to self and others due to own actions .

 Monitor the workplace and work processes for potential risks.

 Do not carry any metallic parts during machine running as there are chances
of fire and damage to machine parts.
 Take action based on instructions in the event of fire, emergencies or
accidents and participate in mock drills/ evacuation procedures organized at
the workplace as per organization procedures.

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