CLINICAL PHARMACY & PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS 2
LECTURE
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HYPERLIPIDEMIA
HYPERLIPIDEMIA 4. Chylomicron
o or Hypercholesterolemia is a medical term o Largest lipoproteins because it contains fat
for abnormally high levels of fats (lipids) in substances from the food that we eat.
the blood, which include cholesterol and o Contains high amounts of triglycerides and
triglycerides. numerous cholesterol.
3 MAIN FAT SUBSTANCES IN THE BODY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. Cholesterol
o Synthesize bile acid and steroid hormones o Your liver creates cholesterol to help you
o Is a fat-like, waxy substance that helps your digest food and make things like hormones.
body make cell membranes and many But you also eat cholesterol in foods from the
hormones. meat and dairy products. As your liver can
make as much cholesterol as you need, the
2. Triglycerides cholesterol in foods you eat is extra.
o It is the storage form of fats in the body
o They are the most common type of fat in the o As a result of too much cholesterol, it creates
body and serve as a major energy source. a blockage in your artery highways where
blood travels around to your body. This
3. Phospholipid damages your organs that don’t receive
o major component of cell membranes enough blood from your arteries.
o Phospholipid helps to form lipid bilayer which
is the basic structure of cell membrane LDL “Bad cholesterol”
o Most dangerous type of lipoprotein because
LIPOPROTEIN too much LDL, causes hardened cholesterol
o Are complex particles composed of lipids deposits (plaque) to collect inside of your
(fats) and proteins that transport lipids blood vessels. This makes it harder for your
through the bloodstream. blood to get through, which puts you at risk
o Lipids are insoluble in plasma water for a stroke or heart diseases.
o Lipids should be in the form of lipoprotein to
transport in the body
TYPES OF LIPOPROTEINS
1. HDL “Good cholesterol”
o Higher proportion of proteins compared to
lipids.
o Scavenge excess cholesterol (or LDL) from
the blood stream and bring back to the liver
for excretion
2. LDL “Bad cholesterol”
o Higher proportion of cholesterol compared to
other lipoproteins.
o Excess LDL is rich in cholesterol level that
can promote arteriosclerosis
3. VLDL “Very low density lipoprotein”
o The first lipoprotein synthesized in the liver
o Contains mostly triglycerides that can also
add to artery plaque.
PREPARED BY: ZEPHANIAH JUAN
CLINICAL PHARMACY & PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS 2
LECTURE
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CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS o A blood sample is taken by the doctor,
1. Hereditary preferably in the morning, with 12 hours of
2. Disease fasting. It helps to determine the lipid level in
3. Drugs your blood accurately.
4. Overweight
5. Alcoholism TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
6. Smoking- major risk factor o The goal of therapy is to decrease
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by
SYMPTOMS lowering cholesterol to a target level
o Hyperlipidemia itself does not produce o The goal is achieved through diet, lifestyle
symptoms, but may eventually lead to other modification, and drug therapy
conditions and it now produce symptoms.
PHARMACOLOGICAL
o If it results in coronary heart disease (CHD),
symptoms in adults can include:
1. Chest pain or pressure (angina) HMG- CoA Reductase inhibitors
2. Shortness of breath
3. Pain in your neck, shoulders, jaw or arms. Drugs:
4. Heart attack 1. Simvastatin
5. High blood pressure 2. Pravastatin
3. Lovastatin
COMPLICATIONS 4. Fluvastatin
o They are taken in the evening because of
o Hyperlipidemia that is not treated can allow
its short duration of action
plaque to collect inside of your body’s blood
5. Atorvastatin
vessels (atherosclerosis). This can bring on
6. Rosuvastatin
hyperlipidemia complications that include:
o They are taken any time of the day
because of its long duration of action
1. Heart attack
MOA: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase which is a rate
2. Stroke
limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis
3. Coronary heart disease
4. Carotid artery disease
Fibrates
5. Peripheral artery disease
Drugs
1. Fenofibrate
DIAGNOSIS
2. Gemfibrozil
Lipid Panel Test MOA: Activates Peroxisome proliferator-activated
o is a blood test that measures lipids—fats and receptor (PPAR) alpha
fatty substances in the body.
NON- PHARMACOLOGICAL
1. Weight management
2. Quit smoking
3. Limiting how much alcohol you drink
4. Eat healthy diet
PREPARED BY: ZEPHANIAH JUAN
