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Bar Numbers and Duplex

The document explains the concept of the vinculum, a mathematical symbol used to group numbers or letters, and its relation to fraction bars. It introduces the 'Duplex' method for squaring numbers and provides formulas for calculating duplex values for single, double, and multi-digit numbers. Exercises and quizzes are included to practice finding duplex values and vinculum for various numbers.

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Ma Arzhellie
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137 views17 pages

Bar Numbers and Duplex

The document explains the concept of the vinculum, a mathematical symbol used to group numbers or letters, and its relation to fraction bars. It introduces the 'Duplex' method for squaring numbers and provides formulas for calculating duplex values for single, double, and multi-digit numbers. Exercises and quizzes are included to practice finding duplex values and vinculum for various numbers.

Uploaded by

Ma Arzhellie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BAR NUMBER OR VINCULUM

A grouping sign in mathematics is called an


overbar symbol (as well known as a vinculum).
To indicate that a set of numbers or letters is
present, a horizontal line is placed over them. A
vinculum is another name for the fraction bar,
which is the bar that separates a fraction’s
numerator and denominator.
BAR NUMBER OR VINCULUM
BAR NUMBERS
EXERCISE

1.55
2.269
3.8762
4.9067
5.2484
6.487111
General Squaring/ Duplex

The Vertically and Crosswise formula simplifies nicely when the


numbers being multiplied are the same, and gives us a very easy
method for squaring numbers.
Duplex' term is used in two different sense; for squaring and for
multiplication. And for current formula, it will be used in both the
senses. If we are having a single or central digit, then 'Duplex'
means squaring that digit (a2 ). Secondly it can be used for even
digits number or on numbers having equidistant digits, then
'Duplex' means to double of cross multiplication of the equidistant
numbers (2ab).
General Squaring/ Duplex

We will use the term Duplex, D, as follows:

for 1 figure D is its square,


e.g. D(4) = 42 = 16;
General Squaring/ Duplex

We will use the term Duplex, D, as follows:

for 2 figures D is twice their product,


e.g. D(43) = 2×4×3 = 24.
General Squaring/ Duplex
2
43 = 1849.
Working from left to right there are three duplexes in 43:
D(4), D(43) and D(3).
D(4) = 16, D(43) = 24, D(3) = 9
combining these three results in the usual way we get
16
16, 24 = 184
184,9 = 1849.
General Squaring/ Duplex
2
64 = 4096. 2x6x4

D(6) = 36, D(64) = 48, D(4) = 16,


combining these three results in the usual way we get
36
36, 48 = 408
408,16 = 4096.
General Squaring/ Duplex
We can also find the duplex of 3-digit numbers or bigger.
For 3 digits D is twice the product of the outer pair + the square of
the middle digit,
e.g. D(137) = 2×1×7 + 32 = 23;
for 4 digits D is twice the product of the outer pair + twice the
product of the inner pair,
e.g. D(1034) = 2×1×4 + 2×0×3 = 8;
D(10345) = 2×1×5 + 2×0×4 + 32 = 19;
and so on.
General Squaring/ Duplex
Find the duplex of the following:
3412 = (2×3×4) (2×3×1 + 42)
(2×4×1)
Here we have a 3-figure number:
D(3) = 9, D(34) = 24, D(341) = 22, D(41) = 8, D(1) = 1.
Mentally: 9, 24 = 114

114, 22 = 1162

1162,8,1 = 116281.
General Squaring/ Duplex
Find the duplex of the following:

84 84 - 7056
96 96 - 9216
123 123 - 15129
263 263 - 69169
QUIZ 1
A. Find the duplex of the following: Find the Vinculum of the following:
1. 76 1.248
2. 81 2.731
3. 923 3.5242
4. 437 4.3215
B. Divide the following by 9 5.5132
1. 991 6.13151
2. 5586 7.13151
3. 154295 8.313233

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