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Cara Menurunkan Kolesterol Secara Alami

This document provides information about cholesterol, including its types (HDL and non-HDL), causes of high cholesterol, and dietary recommendations for lowering cholesterol levels. It emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet, physical activity, and the replacement of saturated fats with healthier unsaturated fats. Additionally, it discusses the role of dietary cholesterol and the benefits of plant stanols and sterols in managing cholesterol levels.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views12 pages

Cara Menurunkan Kolesterol Secara Alami

This document provides information about cholesterol, including its types (HDL and non-HDL), causes of high cholesterol, and dietary recommendations for lowering cholesterol levels. It emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet, physical activity, and the replacement of saturated fats with healthier unsaturated fats. Additionally, it discusses the role of dietary cholesterol and the benefits of plant stanols and sterols in managing cholesterol levels.

Uploaded by

cwwpf8b964
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Inggris Indonesia

넄 Perpustakaan sumber daya

Kolesterol

Lembar fakta ini menjelaskan apa itu kolesterol dan


bagaimana makan lebih baik dapat membantu
menurunkan kolesterol Anda jika terlalu tinggi.

Apa itu kolesterol?


Kolesterol adalah zat lemak yang ditemukan dalam darah
Anda. Zat ini diproduksi secara alami di hati. Kita
membutuhkan kolesterol untuk tetap sehat. Kolesterol
digunakan untuk membuat hormon dan vitamin D tertentu,
serta asam empedu, yang membantu mencerna dan
menyerap lemak makanan.

Darah Anda membawa kolesterol ke seluruh tubuh melalui


protein yang disebut lipoprotein. Ada dua jenis utama:

Lipoprotein densitas tinggi (kolesterol HDL) membawa


kolesterol yang tidak Anda perlukan kembali ke hati
untuk dipecah dan dikeluarkan dari tubuh. Kolesterol ini
sering dikenal sebagai kolesterol 'baik' karena
membuang kolesterol dari darah.

Lipoprotein non-densitas tinggi (kolesterol non-HDL)


membawa kolesterol dari hati ke sel-sel di seluruh
tubuh. Kolesterol ini sering dikenal sebagai kolesterol
'jahat' karena bila jumlahnya terlalu banyak, kolesterol
ini dapat menumpuk di arteri Anda. Hal ini dapat
menyebabkan arteri menyempit atau tersumbat dan
meningkatkan risiko terkena serangan jantung atau
stroke.

Apa penyebab kolesterol


tinggi?
Kolesterol tinggi terutama disebabkan oleh:

mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung banyak


lemak jenuh

tidak cukup aktif

merokok

memiliki terlalu banyak lemak tubuh, terutama di


bagian tengah tubuh

Penyakit ini juga dapat diturunkan dalam keluarga.


Mengubah pola makan, menjadi lebih aktif, dan berhenti
merokok dapat membantu mengembalikan kolesterol ke
tingkat yang sehat.

Menurunkan kolesterol
dengan diet
Beberapa perubahan kecil pada pola makan Anda dapat
membuat perbedaan besar pada kadar kolesterol Anda.
1. Pilih lemak yang lebih sehat
Untuk membantu menurunkan kolesterol, Anda tidak perlu
menghindari lemak sama sekali. Anda harus mengurangi
makanan yang mengandung banyak lemak jenuh dan
menggantinya dengan makanan yang mengandung banyak
lemak tak jenuh seperti minyak sayur (minyak zaitun, minyak
lobak, dan minyak bunga matahari), kacang-kacangan, biji-
bijian, alpukat, dan ikan berminyak (lihat Tabel 1).

Tabel 1: Sumber makanan utama lemak makanan

Lemak Lemak tak jenuh


jenuh

Produk Lemak tak Lemak


susu jenuh tak jenuh
penuh ganda tunggal
lemak
Ikan Minyak
berminyak zaitun
Daging
dan
berlemak
Minyak dan minyak
dan
olesan lobak
produk
bunga
daging
matahari, Alpukat
seperti
pasties, kedelai, Kacang-
sosis dan jagung atau kacangan
pai bunga seperti
matahari almond,
Biskuit, kacang
kue dan Biji rami, mete,
kue kering labu dan dan
wijen hazelnut
Mentega,
krim, ghee Kacang
dan lemak kenari
babi

Minyak
kelapa
dan
minyak
sawit

Ganti lemak jenuh dengan lemak tak jenuh. Cobalah cara


cerdas berikut untuk membantu mengurangi lemak jenuh.

Tabel 2

Makan lebih Pertukaran cerdas


sedikit

Saus krim atau Saus berbahan


keju dasar tomat atau
sayuran
Produk daging Potongan daging
berlemak seperti tanpa lemak dan
sosis, burger, cincang
pate, salami, pai
daging dan Ayam dan kalkun
pasties dengan kulit
dibuang

Ikan terutama ikan


berminyak seperti
makarel, sarden,
salmon

Pilihan vegetarian
seperti lentil,
buncis, kedelai

Keripik dan coklat Buah segar atau


kering atau
segenggam kacang-
kacangan dan biji-
bijian tanpa garam

Susu penuh Makanan olahan


lemak, keju, krim susu rendah lemak
dan yoghurt seperti susu 1%,
keju cheddar
rendah lemak,
yoghurt rendah
lemak
Lemak babi, Vegetable oils -
lemak yang such as olive,
menetes, ghee, sunflower, soya or
mentega dan rapeseed oil and
minyak kelapa their spreads

2. Look at food labels


Compare labels and choose foods with green or amber labels
for ‘saturates’. Foods are high (red) in saturated fat if they
contain more than 5g of saturates per 100g. Foods containing
1.5g or less per 100g are low (green) in saturated fat. Some
healthy foods that are high in fat like oily fish, nuts and oils,
may be red for saturated fat. This is okay, as they contain
more of the healthy unsaturated fat.

3. Eat more high fibre foods


Eating plenty of fibre helps lower your risk of heart disease
and some high fibre foods can help lower your cholesterol. To
make sure you get enough fibre:

Aim for five portions of fruit and vegetables a day

Switch to wholegrain varieties of bread, cereals, pasta


and rice

Choose other high fibre foods such as pulses (lentils,


beans, chickpeas), oats, unsalted nuts and seeds

What about plant stanols or


sterols products?
If you have high cholesterol, using foods with added plant
stanols and sterols has been shown to help to lower
cholesterol levels. You need to eat 1.5-3g of plant stanols or
sterols, in combination with a healthy diet, to see a reduction
in cholesterol.

You can get this from fortified foods such as mini drinks,
spreads, milk and yoghurts from both branded and
supermarket own label products. If you decide to use these
products, follow guidelines on the packet to get the right
amount. However, they are not a substitute for healthy diet
nor a replacement for cholesterol lowering medication. And if
you don’t have high cholesterol, these products are not
recommended. Find out more in our Stanols and Sterols fact
sheet.

Dietary cholesterol – don’t


get confused!
Some foods naturally contain dietary cholesterol, but don’t
make a big di"erence to the cholesterol in your blood. These
are foods like eggs, some shellfish such as prawns and crab
and o"al such as liver, liver pate and kidney. They are low in
saturated fat and so are fine to eat as part of a healthy diet.
Only cut down on these foods if your doctor or a dietitian has
advised you to. To lower cholesterol, it’s more important to
cut down on the amount of saturated fat you eat.

Top tips
Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in your blood.
There are two main types: HDL- cholesterol or ‘good’
cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol or ‘bad’
cholesterol.

Too much non-HDL cholesterol can cause your arteries


to become blocked. This increases your risk of having a
heart attack or stroke.

A healthy balanced diet, being physically active,


stopping smoking and keeping a healthy weight and
shape can all help to lower your cholesterol.

Replace foods containing saturated fats with those that


contain polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats.
You can do this by choosing healthy fats such as olive or
rapeseed oil, nuts, seeds, fish and avocado.

Increase your fibre intake by choosing vegetables, fruits,


wholegrains, pulses, nuts and seeds every day.

Source(s)
1. BHF: High Cholesterol – Causes, Symptoms and
Treatment. Accessed 22/4/2021
[Link]
factors/high-cholesterol

2. Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction,


including lipid modification CG 18 NICE 2014. Accessed
22/04/2021
[Link]
Recommendations#lifestyle-modifications-for-the-
primary-and-secondary-prevention-of-cvd

3. Heart UK The Cholesterol Charity - Plant Stanols and


Sterols, Accessed 22/04/2021
[Link]
lowering-foods-1

4. NHS Choices: Lower your cholesterol. Accessed


22/04/2021 [Link]
body/lower-your-cholesterol/

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