ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2

Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

USDAO (Burkina Faso) 2022-2023

English for Architecture
2nd University year
Professor: Dr. Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO

Part I: Architectural Language and Expressions Enrichment.

Text 1: Natural form, Man-made form, Architectural artifact

As the famous architect Louis Kahn says “architecture is what nature cannot make”.

Indeed, human beings are one of the few animals that can build buildings. Structures that

some animals build, such as some birds’, bees’, or white ants’ nests, indeed resemble our

buildings in terms of their structural economy. For example a certain bird in South America

(Rufous-breasted Spinetail) builds a two room nest, with rooms tied to each other by a tube

like structure. Or, white blind ants build structures out of mud on the ground. Or, the sea

mollusk nautilus builds a shell around itself out of calcium carbonate. As it grows, this

nautilus adds a new and bigger volume to its shell, and the small, emptied part of the shell is

filled with nitrogen, which gives the shell the quality of floating in the water. These older

parts of the shell are left as the record or the heritage of the animal’s history.

Similarly, architecture is the shell of the human species. It is the environment that we build

for ourselves. However, unlike the animals, we as human beings “think” while we are making

buildings. Our act of building our buildings is a conscious process. This is what differentiates

man-made structures from animals’ nests. Animals produce their nests or shells as a result of

their genetic coding. We on the other hand, build our buildings consciously to meet some

requirements and we not only meet those requirements but we give expression to some values

and sensations, such as cultural values. As famous thinker John Ruskin said: “Great nations

write their autobiographies in three manuscripts–the book of their deeds, the book of their

words, and the book of their art. Not one of these can be understood unless we read the other

two; but of the three, the only quite trustworthy one is the last.”

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

However architecture is not just art. Architecture deals with form and gives very much

importance to how that form looks, but it also deals with function and how that function

affects form. This is what differentiates the art works, such as sculpture, from architecture.

Architects think also of other things such as function or structure, next to form, beauty and

expression. Moreover, art does not have to be beautiful. Art expresses the sensations, feelings

of the artist through the forms he/she chooses, with or without purpose or beauty. Architecture

is not that free.

Activity 1: Answer by true or false according to the text

1. Architecture is a natural phenomenon.

2. Architecture isn’t just a matter of art.

3. Only human beings are the architects among all animal species.

4. Some animal have the same architectural skills as humans.

5. Human beings do not build instinctively.

6. Architecture is in our genetic coding.

Activity 2: Spend two minutes writing down 4 words you associate with the word “building”.

Share your words with us and say why.

Activity 3: Rank with your partner (s). Put the top 3 worst things about designing

and tell us why.

The complexity The stress

The simplicity Finding the right idea

Using computers Imitating nature

Calculations Adapting to customers’ needs

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Activity 4: Synonym match

1. Famous a. aware

2. Resemble b. contrarily

3. The ground c. A house

4. Unlike d. demands

5. Differentiate e. well-known

6. Conscious f. look like

7. Requirements g. differ

8. A record h. a proof

9. A structure i. the soil

10. A nest j. a shape

Activity 5: Answer the following questions according to the text.

1. Why does Louis Kahn say “architecture is what nature cannot make”?

2. How are animals’ buildings compared to humans’?

3. What is the difference between man-made structures and animals’?

4. Why is architecture considered as the shell of human species?

5. Is architecture different from other types of art? Justify.

6. What is the link between function and form in architecture?

Activity 6: Discussion

Louis Kahn says “architecture is what nature cannot make”. Do you agree with that?

Give and defend your opinion.

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Text 2: The basement

By virtue of their spatial connection to the terrain and the necessity for secure
foundations, works of architecture differ from objects that can be inverted or carried
away. The bottom edge, where a building rests on the ground, requires a different
treatment than all other edges and surfaces. The base reveals the relationship between
a building and the ground: it pushes into the earth, rests on the ground, or is detached
from it. Whether a building makes the impression of standing upright, reclining or
floating depends upon whether it has a base, and if so on its formation. The
connection between the building and the ground also determines the way in which the
building relates to the terrain of the exterior space and how the two join together to
form a spatial unity.
Depending upon its design, the base shows us how a building rests upon the
ground. Solidity and robustness produce a tectonic expression of load-bearing
capacity. Particularly in historic buildings, these qualities are achieved by means of
rough rusticated masonry or the use of natural stone. Bases also ensure that individual
architectural elements, such as columns and pillars, neither sink into the earth
optically nor seem detached from it. Although the base belongs to the building, and
not to the earth, it fulfills the task of creating a connection to the terrain.
Along with the building, the base also brings its occupants down to earth,
shaping direct contact with the passersby and vehicles that move around the building.
Through its palpable presence and tactile qualities, the base constitutes the first zone
of contact for approaching a building within its immediate surroundings, and is its
first distinctive identifying symbol. Under certain circumstances, the task of the base,
namely to provide stability and an optical foundation, may be extended. The
unfortunately widespread bad habit, however, of digging out the base in order to
provide living space with improved illumination deprives a building of stable
grounding.

Activity 1: Answer by true or false according to the text.

1. Architectural work can easily be inverted
2. The basement is located at the top of the building
3. Architects care a lot about buildings’ basements.
4. Floating buildings also have floating basements
5. Bases are linked to columns and pillars

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

6. The base helps identify a building.

Activity 2: spend two minutes writing down 4 words you associate with the word
“basement”. Explain your choices.

Activity 3: Rank with your partner(s). Put the best 3 things about the word
“basement”.
Indispensable for buildings
Helps carry the building’s and its inhabitants’ loads.
Join the culumns and the pillars
Are very costly
Needs a lot of cement
Protects the building against violent threats

Activity 4: synonym match

[Link] secure a. give

[Link] b. add
[Link] away [Link]
[Link] ground d. to make safe
[Link] e. the base
[Link] f. the soil
[Link] g. lie
[Link] h. large
[Link] i. the environment
10Extend [Link]
[Link]

Activity 5: Answer the following questions basing yourself on the text.

1. What are the uses of bases?
2. Why does the basement require a different treatment than all other edges and
surfaces?
3. How was solidity and robustness achieved in the past?
4. What is the first distinctive feature of a building?
5. What is the consequence of digging out the base in order to provide living
space?
6. Why can’t we invert things in works of architecture?

Activity 6: Writing/discussion
Do you think that the base is the most important part of a building? Justify.

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Text 3: Fundamentals of Architecture

The earliest surviving written work on architecture is Roman architect Marcus

Vitruvius’ De architectura (Ten Books on Architecture), which was written in the
early 1st century AD.
Vitruvius has written in his book that a good building must satisfy three main
qualities, which are firmitas, utilitas, venustas. Referring to firmness, functionality,
and beauty, Vitruvius denoted that a good building should be firm, useful, and
beautiful and that the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three qualities as
well as possible.
Since ancient times, these basic elements of architecture (firmness,
functionality and beauty) have remained essentially unchanged. Accordingly,
architectural products (or buildings) should still be firm, which means that they should
stand up firm and solid, and remain in good condition; they should still be functional,
which means that they should be useful and function well for the people using them;
and they should still be beautiful, which means that they should please the senses of
the people who view and use them.
Therefore, architecture should try to reach the optimum combination of
firmitas, venustasand utilitas, meaning the firmness of structure, beauty of the form
(and space), and the functionality of the building. For this reason the profession of
architecture is in between the arts, the science and the humanities. Therefore, the
architect should equip him/herself with the knowledge of many branches of study,
such as aesthetics, building technology, sociology etc., to be able to produce
architectural works that meet the needs of people properly.
Subsequently, the ultimate test of architecture is made with the following
questions:
1. Is the building functional? (Could it be used effectively and easily?)
2. Is the building firm? (Is its structure firm enough to carry all the weights it should
carry, such as its own weight, its users’ weights, and the forces of the wind and the
earthquake? And, Are its materials durable enough to withstand many years of use?)
3. Is the building beautiful? (Does the building give visual delight to the user and the
viewer; is it aesthetic and pleasing?)

Activity 1: Ask 5 questions from the text and give their answers.
Acivity 2: Translate the text into French; You can use dictionaries but no
internet translators.

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Text 4: Architecture and orientation

The orientation problems of the building and its rooms according to the
geographical position it’s also important from the point of view of the thermal
comfort, because the illumination is obviously coming with the warming of the space
(phenomenon accepted in winter but undesired in summer). This is why the
orientation and the placement of the buildings must take into account the necessities
of natural illumination as well as the necessities of assuring the internal thermal
comfort.
As it is known, in case of global positioning of Romania (in the northern hemisphere)
the natural condition “offered” in function of the geographical positioning are totally
different:
 The EAST is characterized by powerful illuminated mornings, with pleasant
warming in the summer, but with powerful and fast cooling in the winter;
 The WEST is characterized by an aggressive illumination in the afternoon, in the
summer the almost horizontal sun rays becoming disturbing;
 The NORTH is considered an inauspicious direction for most of the rooms, the
light being uniform but reduced in intensity the hole year (the zone being not so
sunny), and the predominant cold winds make the north direction cold and
uncomfortable in the winter;
 The SOUTH represents the best orientation for the main rooms of the buildings
because here the illumination lasts much longer. In the summer, the sun is high on the
sky during noon (having maximum declination) therefore the illumination is reduced,
while in the winter when the sun is lower on the sky the effect of the sunshine
(including thermal one) is favorable.
The natural illumination of the interior space has the disadvantage that the light
intensity is variable in the room, the space near windows being much more
illuminated than the rest. The illuminating rate of the rooms depends on the windows‟
size (length and wide) but also by the distance between the floor and the window.
A recommendation for normal natural illumination of the room (or protection against
excessive sunlight during the summertime) is choosing some building systems with
balconies on the facades with the orientation towards the highly illuminated direction
(loggias, that reduce the strong sunshine in summertime, when the sun has more
declination, but still permit it in wintertime, when the declination is smaller.

Activity 1: What is the text about? Summarize it in 50-60 words.

Activity 2: Translate the text into French.

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Text 5: MAJOR BUILDING SYSTEMS

The simplest building system consists of only two components. One component is a
floor, a flat, horizontal surface on which human activities can take place. The other
component is an enclosure that extends over the floor and generally also around it to
provide shelter from the weather for human activities.
The ground may serve as the floor in primitive buildings. In better buildings,
however, the floor may be a structural deck laid on the ground or supported above
ground on structural members, such as the joist and walls in Fig. 1.1. Use of a deck
and structural members adds at least two different types of components, or two
subsystems, to the simplest building system. Also, often, the enclosure over the floor
requires supports, such as the rafter and walls in Fig. 1.1, and the walls, in turn, are
seated on foundations in the ground. Additionally, footings are required at the base of
the foundations to spread the load over a large area of the ground, to prevent the
building from sinking. Consequently, even slight improvements in a primitive
building introduce numerous additional components, or subsystems, into a building.
More advanced buildings consist of numerous subsystems, which are referred to as
systems in this book when they are major components. Major subsystems generally
include structural framing and foundations, enclosure systems, plumbing, lighting,
acoustics, safety systems, vertical-circulation elements, electric power and signal
systems, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC).
Structural System. The portion of a building that extends above the ground level
outside it is called the superstructure. The portion below the outside ground level is
called the substructure. The parts of the substructure that distribute building loads to
the ground are known as foundations.
Foundations may take the form of walls. When the ground under the building is
excavated for a cellar, or basement, the foundation walls have the additional task of
retaining the earth along the outside of the building. The superstructure in such cases
is erected atop the foundation walls.

Activity 1: What is the text about? Give a 50-60 word summary

Activity 2: Turn the verbs in the whole text into negative forms.

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Fill in MAKE or DO.

1. ____________ a job
2. ____________ an exception
3. ____________ trouble
4. ____________ your hair
5. ____________ me a favour
6. ____________ a difference
7. ____________ an arrangement
8. ____________ a mess
9. ____________ business
10. ____________ harm
11. ____________ a living
12. ____________ your best
13. ____________ a discovery
14. ____________ an effort
15. ____________ sport
16. ____________ some noise
17. ____________ a comment
18. ____________ dinner
19. ____________ some exercise
20. ____________ household chores
21. ____________ a choice
22. ____________ your homework
23. ____________ a suggestion
24. ____________ your bed
25. ____________ work
26. ____________ an experiment
27. ____________ the dishes
28. ____________ a decision
29. ____________ improvements
30. ____________ your duty

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Fill in the correct form of MAKE, DO, HAVE or GET.

1. ____________ a seat. I'll ____________ you a cup of coffee.
2. I wasn't able to sleep because someone was ____________ noise in the
basement.
3. I offered to ____________ the dishes, but she didn't let me.
4. I told her that she had to ____________ more exercise.
5. I must go now because I have to ____________ some work ____________.
6. I ____________ lost on my way here, so that's why I'm late.
7. It's no use ____________ angry. You must learn to control your temper.
8. I must ____________ my car repaired. It's got a flat tire.
9. The teacher ____________ us write 300 lines as punishment.
10. I couldn't ____________ any business with him because he isn't trustworthy.
11. After I ____________ up at 6.15, I ____________ a shower and then
____________ some breakfast for my husband and me.
12. It's late and she isn't home yet. I'm starting to ____________ worried.
13. I told her it was her turn to ____________ the shopping this week.
14. What are we ____________ for dinner tonight?
15. I'm sorry. You didn't pass. You ____________ too many mistakes.
16. My mother was very ill last week, but she is ____________ better.
17. I have to ____________ my hair ____________ today. There's a ball tonight
and I want to look my best.
18. It's ____________ rather cold. Don't you think we should head back to the
house?
19. I usually ____________ along rather well with my sisters. They don't
____________ any trouble when they're here.
20. We're ____________ married next August.

False friends are words that are easily mixed up. Choose the correct word
or phrase for each blank.
1. The guards ____________________ the visitors from getting too close.
(AVOIDED / PREVENTED)
2. ____________________ running a grocery store in town, he also owns a
fitness centre. (BESIDE / BESIDES)
3. The jewels she was wearing were all imitations. They were
____________________. (WORTHLESS / PRICELESS)

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

4. There is always the ____________________ that the plane will arrive early
(OPPORTUNITY / CHANCE / POSSIBILITY).
5. The English ____________________ is beautiful during the spring season.
(NATURE / COUNTRYSIDE)
6. Can you switch to ____________________ 7 for the newscast? (CHANNEL /
CANAL)
7. Mum, what are we having for ____________________? (DESERT /
DESSERT)
8. Don’t ____________________ my sunglasses or else I won’t let you have
them again. (DAMAGE / HARM)
9. My boss gave me very useful _______________ before I left the firm.
(ADVICE / ADVISE)
10. Global warming has an _________________ on all parts of the world.
(AFFECT / EFFECT)
11. He took a seat ____________________ me (BESIDES / BESIDE).
12. We have quite a good ____________________ of winning the election.
(POSSIBILITY / CHANCE)
13. You should start out early in order to ____________________ the morning
rush hour. (AVOID / PREVENT)
14. The policeman ____________________ the traffic at the busy road crossing.
(DIRECTED / CONDUCTED)
15. Venice is famous for its beautiful ____________________. (CANALS /
CHANNELS)
16. The bank manager was willing to ____________________ us on the best
way to save our earnings. (ADVICE / ADVISE)
17. You can get a good ____________________ of the sea from the room on the
top floor. (SCENERY / VIEW)
18. I didn’t have a lot of __________________ at the party. It was so boring (FUN
/ FUNNY).
19. The bank robber didn’t want to ____________________ the hostages.
(HARM / DAMAGE)
20. The young man will ______________ the orchestra at the concert.
(CONDUCT / DIRECT)

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

False friends are words that are easily mixed up. Choose the correct word
or phrase for each blank.
1. Staying at home in such bad weather was a __________________ thing to do.
(SENSIBLE / SENSITIVE)
2. The sun __________________ in the east and sets in the west. (RISES /
RAISES)
3. Please __________________ me to turn off the lights before I lock the door.
(REMEMBER / REMIND)
4. My friend asked me if I would __________________ him some money until the
next day. (BORROW / LEND)
5. Be careful with that painting. It’s __________________. (PRICELESS /
WORTHLESS)
6. You cannot exchange any products unless you have a __________________.
(RECEIPT / RECIPE)
7. Alexander Fleming was a biologist who __________________ penicillin.
(DISCOVERED / INVENTED)
8. He told __________________ jokes that made the audience laugh. (FUN /
FUNNY)
9. It took them over 3 days to cross the __________________. (DESSERT /
DESERT)
10. The cuts in government spending will seriously __________________ the
military budget. (AFFECT / EFFECT)
11. He was always __________________ to children (SYMPATHETIC / KIND).
12. I love to __________________ on the beach and read a good book. (LAY /
LIE)
13. The __________________ of the school wants to see you at once.
(PRINCIPLE / PRINCIPAL)
14. After talking to me he was very __________________ to my problems.
(SYMPATHETIC / KIND)
15. The company announced that they were going to __________________ their
prices for a second time this year. (RISE / RAISE)
16. The __________________ I got from my girlfriend was great. The lasagne
was fantastic. (RECEIPT / RECIPE)
17. Mum told me to help her ______________ the table before the guests came.
(LIE / LAY)
18. Can I __________________ your ruler, please? (LEND / BORROW)
19. Did you __________________ to turn off the lights before going out?
(REMIND / REMEMBER)

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

20. You can’t talk to her like that. She’s a very __________________ young lady.
(SENSITIVE / SENSIBLE)

Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank.

1. I don't know the _________________ date of the President's fund-raising
event. (ACCURATE / EXACT / CORRECT)
2. The doctor _________________ me that I didn't have to worry about my
mother's health. (ASSURED / ENSURED / SURED)
3. The _______________________ is very high in large cities. (COST OF LIFE /
COST OF LIVING)
4. I asked my lawyer for her _________________. (ADVICE / ADVISE)
5. Many immigrants ____________________ the country without the proper
documents. (ENTERED TO / ENTERED INTO / ENTERED)
6. In my new job I am _________________ to work long hours. (DEMANDED /
REQUIRED / OFFERED)
7. During the flight he sat _____________________ behind me. (IN THE SEAT /
ON THE CHAIR)
8. We went swimming in the river _________________ my summer cottage.
(BESIDES / BESIDE)
9. We had to buy a lot of _________________ for our project. (EQUIPMENT /
EQUIPMENTS)
10. Many people don't understand why people _________________ such
horrible crimes. (DO / MAKE / COMMIT)
11. The course is for students with a _________________ knowledge of English.
(BASIC / NECESSARY)
12. Thunderstorms _________________ in almost all parts of the world, except
the Arctic and Antarctic. (APPEAR / OCCUR / SHOW)
13. She has _________________ been my favourite actress. (EVER / YET /
ALWAYS)
14. After being in the firm for half a year he _______________ general manager.
(BECAME / WAS)
15. Walking _________________ the park after sunset is not a good idea. It
could be dangerous. (THROUGH / ALONG / ALL THROUGH)
16. Outside of Korea ______________________ speaks Korean. (ALMOST
ANYBODY / HARDLY ANOYONE)
17. There were some bottles of wine _________________ the table. (UNDER /
BELOW)
18. I was _________________ my exams when the storm hit our town. (MAKING
/ TAKING )
19. Everyone in this prison is accused of committing _________________
crimes. (HEAVY / STRICT / SERIOUS)
20. She _________________ to tell us what really happened. (REJECTED /
REFUSED / DENIED)

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank.

1. The doctor told me to ____________________ as often as possible. (DO
EXERCISE / MAKE EXERCISE / EXERCISE)
2. I started to learn French with the aim ____________________ a teacher. (OF
BECOMING / TO BECOME)
3. Not all ____________________ parents have children who will take care of
them. (AGED / ELDERLY / ELDER)
4. It's great to be here. I feel so ____________________. (EXCITED /
EXCITING)
5. The wages in this sector of the industry are very ____________________.
(CHEAP / LOW)
6. We have to ____________________ for the test as much as possible. (TRAIN
/ EXERCISE / PRACTICE)
7. The housing problem ____________________ more serious day by day. (IS
BECOMING / BECOMES)
8. Technology has ____________________ to grow their own food. (MADE
THEM ABLE / ENABLED THEM)
9. The virus started to ____________________ all across the continent.
(EXPAND / STRETCH / SPREAD)
10. The teacher accused me ____________________ during the history test.
(OF CHEATING / TO CHEAT)
11. I often agree ____________________ him but not this time. (TO / WITH /
FOR)
12. The rider suddenly ____________________ the horse and hurt his leg.
(FELL OFF / FELL DOWN FROM)
13. We were stuck in the _________________, miles away from our camp.
(DESERT / DESSERT)
14. The conflict is not over ____________________. (ALREADY / JUST / YET)
15. I would ____________________ if you could send me his phone number.
(APPRECIATE / APPRECIATE IT)
16. Only a small ____________________ of copies will be published. (NUMBER
/ AMOUNT)
17. The manager apologized for the ____________________ and said he would
give me a pay rise. (FAULT / BLAME / MISTAKE)
18. My ____________________ job involves a lot of social media work.
(ACTUAL /PRESENT)
19. As CEO of an important firm he has to make a lot of important
____________________ (CHOICES / DECISIONS) .
20. There are many advantages ____________________ having your own
computer. (IN / OF)

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Adjective or Adverb
Complete the sentences using the correct forms.
1. The president hopes that people of all races will live together
________________ . (PEACEFUL)

2. She told us that the streets in the capital city were _____________
and_____________. (DIRTY, UGLY)

3. Do you think nuclear energy is _____________ ? (SAFE) .

4. I get all the food _____________ from the farmers. (DIRECT)

5. The minister was _____________ worried that the deal would not pass
parliament. (DEEP)

6. Marty drove home from the party as _____________ as he could and got there
_____________ (FAST, SAFE) .

7. When the director found out about the scandal he shouted _____________ at
his employees (ANGRY).

8. The old woman walked across the street very _____________ .(CAREFUL)

9. She didn't see me. She _____________ knocked me down with her brand-new
car! (NEAR)

10. After a few weeks people forgot about him _______________. (COMPLETE).

11. He _____________ works anymore, because he already has enough money.

(HARD)

12. She _____________ climbed down from the tree as soon as the bear had
disappeared. (SLOW)

13. He is a very _____________ volleyball player . (GOOD).

14. Bob excused himself _____________ and went home (POLITE).

15. English is an _____________ language to learn , however he couldn't learn

grammar rules so _____________ . (EASY, EASY)

16. The sun shone _____________ in the sky. (BRIGHT)

17. The new colleague seems to be _____________ intelligent. (HIGH)

18. The boy felt _____________ because he knew what he had done. (GUILTY)

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Adjectives ending in -ED and

ING
Choose the correct adjective form for each blank.
1. Halloween was probably the most _______________ film I have ever seen
(FRIGHTENED / FRIGHTENING ).

2. I always get so _______________ when my dad starts speaking English

(EMBARRASSED / EMBARRASSING).

3. I am _______________ to see how well he gets along with his stepfather.

(SURPRISED /SURPRISING)

4. The lesson was so _______________ that I fell asleep (BORED / BORING).

5. As the big day came closer, my sister became _______________ nervous

(INCREASED / INCREASINGLY).

6. You've been walking for 5 hours. You must feel _______________

(EXHAUSTED / EXHAUSTING).

7. I was _______________ when I saw him in that outfit for the first time.
(FRIGHTENED /FRIGHTENING)

8. I didn't like the film. The plot was rather simple and _______________ .
(UNINTERESTED / UNINTERESTING)

9. It's _______________ to see how many people didn't care to vote in the last
election . (SURPRISED / SURPRISING)

10. You look a bit _______________ . Don't you know what you're supposed to
do ? (CONFUSED / CONFUSING)

11. I saw that my boss was very _______________ with how I behaved .
(ANNOYED / ANNOYING)

12. They were all very _______________ by the performance of the actors.
(IMPRESSED / IMPRESSING)

13. The school trip was really _______________ . I learned a lot of things I hadn't
known before . (EXCITED / EXCITING)

14. It was _______________ to have met such a great movie star. (THRILLED /
THRILLING)

15. We were _______________ when we found out that his sister was on the
plane that went missing. (WORRIED / WORRYING)

16
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Fill in TOO or ENOUGH.

1. I can't carry this suitcase. It's _____________ heavy.

2. This bag isn't big _____________. I can't put all my possessions in it.

3. Is your meal warm _____________? If not, I'll put it in the microwave.

4. Mom was _____________ worried to go to sleep, so she stayed up all night.

5. I don't like this fizzy drink. It's much _____________ sweet.

6. I'll ring you up later. I haven't got _____________ time at the moment.

7. She's _____________ young to drink alcohol. She's not even 15 yet.

8. We weren't able to buy tickets for both games because we didn't have
_____________ money.

9. I couldn't see her anywhere because it was getting _____________ foggy.

10. You can't play in our first team. You're not good _____________.

11. You still make _____________ many mistakes. You have to practice harder.

12. If you don't get _____________ sleep your overall health will suffer.

13. I can't tell you what the situation is at the moment because I haven't got
_____________ information.

14. He can't be a good basketball player. He isn't tall _____________.

15. This is _____________ good to be true!

16. I haven't got _____________ clothes for such a long trip. I'll have to get some
more.

17. I couldn't finish the test because there were _____________ many questions
and not _____________ time left.

18. My sister couldn't concentrate because the workers were making

_____________ much noise.

19. I didn't have _____________ time to visit the museums and it was
_____________ crowded as well.

20. The sea isn't warm _____________ to go swimming. The water is much
___________ cold.

17
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Fill in: THE, A, AN or ----- (no article)

1. I’ve just had __________ great idea.

2. Columbus was __________ first navigator to cross __________ Atlantic

Ocean.

3. __________ British drink __________ lot of tea.

4. John F. Kennedy was __________ American president who was very popular.

5. It is __________ only theatre in __________ neighbourhood.

6. __________ Netherlands are a land which is almost completely below

__________ sea level.

7. He was __________ first mountaineer to reach the top.

8. I try to go for __________ run three times __________ week.

9. Sally went to __________ prison to visit her husband.

10. He was driving 80 miles __________ hour on __________ motorway.

11. __________ Thames flows into __________ North Sea.

12. The burglar hit me in __________ back of my neck.

13. Maria earns $ 2,000 __________ month.

14. Do you go to __________ church on Sundays?

15. This is exactly __________ job I was looking for.

16. As captain of __________ ship I have __________ complete authority.

17. How many hours do you work on __________ average?

18. I always have __________ egg for breakfast.

19. I went to __________ exciting musical performance last night.

20. Did you read __________ book I gave you?

21. __________ Football is his whole life.

22. This is __________ nice man I told you about.

23. __________ people we met on holiday come from __________ north eastern
part of __________ USA.

24. What’s on __________ TV today?

25. __________ Trafalgar Square is near __________ Charing Cross Station.

18
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Complete the sentences with a prepositional phrase from the box.

AT THE AGE OF - AT THE LATEST – AT SHORT NOTICE - AT TIMES – BY CHANCE –
BYFAR – BY NATURE – BY SURPRISE - IN A GOOD MOOD – IN CONCLUSION - IN DETAIL
-IN FASHION – IN NO TIME – IN PUBLIC – IN VAIN – ON FIRE – ON LEAVE - OUT
OFSTOCK – UNDER REPAIR - UNDER STRESS

1. He started composing his own symphonies _________________________ 9.

2. I'm not _________________________ today, so please leave me alone.

3. Has anyone _________________________ found my red fountain pen? I lost

it yesterday.

4. Shorter skirts were _________________________ a few years ago but they're

not anymore today.

5. Mom told me I had to be home by midnight, _________________________ .

6. He was questioned _________________________ so don't believe everything
he says.

7. By the time someone got to the scene of the accident, the car was
_____________________ .

8. I tried to convince her to take part in the course, but all my efforts were
_______________ .

9. _________________________ , I don't think we should hire too many new

workers.

[Link] headmaster cancelled the meeting _________________________

because he had to be somewhere else.

11. Mission Impossible is _________________________ the best thriller I have

ever seen.

12. I'm sorry but this item is _________________________ . We'll try to get it by
next month.

13. He is _________________________ until the end of the year, so I'm afraid

we won't be here for the planning stages.

14. The main bridge of the city is still _________________________ , so you'll

have to find another route across the river.

15. The question took him __________________ , so he was struggling to find

the right answer.

16. Politicians sometimes make statements _________________________ that

they regret later.

19
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

17. If you study really hard, your English will improve

_________________________ .

18. The new girl is shy _________________________ , so you'll have to give her
some time to loosen up.

19. I wrote out the instructions ____________________ so she would know

exactly what to do.

20. _________________________ , I feel like leaving this country and moving

somewhere else.

20
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Fill in the correct connectives and linking words from the list. There may
be more than one answer in some sentences.

ALTHOUGH - AS A RESULT – AT LEAST – HOWEVER - IN CASE - INCLUDING – IN

OTHER WORDS - IN THE MEANTIME - ON ONE HAND - ON THE OTHER HAND – ON THE
CONTRARY - OTHERWISE - THEREFORE

1. Sea levels will probably rise in the next few decades

__________________________ of global warming.

2. I hope he drives carefully, __________________________ he may have

problems on such a slippery road.

3. The president was not a very popular leader. __________________________,

his resignation did not come as a surprise.

4. Our economy will not improve this year. __________________________, all

projections show that it will get worse.

5. The couple broke up a few days ago. __________________________, they

are still living together because of the children.

6. __________________________ it was a wonderful place to go skiing, not

many tourists found their way there.

7. The scientist studied the behaviour of various animals,

__________________________ whales and dolphins.

8. __________________________ we have to fight against environmental

problems, but __________________________ we need more and more energy
every day.

9. I think he’s asleep. __________________________ his eyes are closed.

10. The candidate didn’t quite meet the necessary requirements.

__________________________, he failed.

11. Please take some warm clothes with you, just _______________________ it
gets cold at night.

12. The report will be finished soon. __________________________, let’s get

some coffee.

21
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Fill in the correct connectives and linking words from the list.

Although/ as well as /both /despite /due to /during /even though /however

/in addition /in order to /neither … nor /so that /therefore /whereas /which
/while

1. __________________ we were driving through the Lake District, we saw many

picturesque villages.

2. __________________ having lost only one match this season, we didn’t win
the championship.

3. Flight attendants who apply for a job must be able to speak

__________________ English and Spanish.

4. I started learning Chinese ________________ my stay in the Far East.

5. This is Jimmy’s new bike, __________________ he got from his parents. He

locks it up every evening __________________ nobody can steal it.

6. She gets up early __________________ be in time for work.

7. The climate in South Africa is perfect. It’s __________________ too hot

__________________ too cold.

8. This cell phone tariff costs 8 cents per minute, __________________ the other
one offers a flat rate.

9. __________________ my father likes country music, he rarely listens to it on

the radio.

10. __________________ to the six air bags, the car also has a built-in security
system.

11. The company manufactures cars __________________ motorcycles.

12. __________________ we hadn’t eaten for over twelve hours, we weren’t very
hungry.

13. My sister invited me to her party. __________________, I was so busy I had

to tell her I couldn’t come.

14. I arrived late for the performance __________________ a traffic jam on the
motorway.

15. He spent most of his time playing with his friends. __________________, he
wasn’t well-prepared for the exam.

22
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

Fill in the correct form: Gerund or Infinitive (with or without "TO")

1. They suggested __________________ by bus instead of by plane. (TRAVEL)

2. It seems difficult __________________ everything about this topic. (KNOW)

3. We were all looking forward __________________ the New Year in New York.
(CELEBRATE)

4. We are planning __________________ to Europe this summer. (GO)

5. It was very difficult for him to quit __________________. (SMOKE)

6. She tried to avoid __________________ unnecessary mistakes. (MAKE)

7. I let him __________________ to his friend’s house after he had done his
homework. (GO)

8. Can you imagine ________________ the painting before the Christmas

holidays? (FINISH)

9. We are used __________________ up early in the morning. (GET)

10. The suspect denied __________________ said that in public. (HAVE)

11. She enjoys __________________ the weekend with her family. (SPEND)

12. I forgot __________________ the door when I left. (LOCK)

13. I have decided __________________ more often. (EXERCISE)

14. Mary keeps __________________ about her problems all the time. (TALK)

15. Most European countries don’t allow _______________ in bars and

restaurants. (SMOKE)

16. She seemed __________________ fed up with all the problems she’s facing.
(BE)

17. She couldn’t bear __________________ on so much responsibility. That’s

why she quit her job. (TAKE)

18. She promised __________________ biting nails. (STOP)

19. The government urged their citizens __________________ more waste.

(RECYCLE)

20. Hermann is thinking about __________________ abroad for a few years.

(STUDY)

21. She considered __________________ to New York, but then dropped the
idea. (MOVE)

22. My mother made me __________________ the medicine, even though I

hated the taste. (TAKE)

23
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

23. The aquarium needs __________________. (CLEAN)

24. Morris agreed __________________ me with the project. (HELP)

25. She warned him not __________________ late for the performance. (BE)

Fill in the correct form: Gerund or Infinitive (with or without "TO")

1. Margaret enjoys __________________ to music (LISTEN).

2. The doctor encouraged his patients __________________ healthy food. (EAT)

3. When she was a teenager, she was keen on __________________ a doctor.

(BECOME)

4. She is saving her money __________________ a new car. (BUY)

5. My apartment is quite easy __________________. (FIND)

6. I don’t mind __________________ the washing up, as long as you help me.
(DO)

7. Irregular verbs are not easy __________________ (REMEMBER).

8. He advised me __________________ a doctor as soon as possible. (SEE)

9. My dad is really good at __________________. (COOK)

10. She waited for two hours __________________ a cinema ticket (BUY)

11. __________________ some kind of sport every day is good for your health.
(DO)

12. When I saw her the first time I couldn’t help __________________. She was
so lovely to look at (CRY).

13. My father helped me __________________ my homework. (DO)

14. She stopped __________________ some cigarettes on her way to work.

(BUY)

15. Stop __________________ now! You’re such a big girl! (CRY)

16. I don’t feel like __________________ maths today. (STUDY)

17. I’m so sick of __________________ pasta all the time. I would like something
else for a change. (EAT)

18. It is important __________________ the net for more information. (SURF)

19. Mira got Mike __________________ the car for her. (WASH)

20. They finally decided __________________ their apartment. (RENT)

21. It’s no use __________________ over spilt milk. (COMPLAIN)

22. The questions won’t be difficult __________________. (ANSWER)

24
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

23. He told us where __________________ the necessary material (FIND).

24. Would you mind __________________ the letter for me. It’s very important.
(POST)

25. I remember __________________ you my necklace to wear. Where is it

now? (GIVE)

Complete the sentences with a modal verb from the box below. Sometimes
more than one answer is possible.

CAN – CAN’T - COULDN’T – COULD HAVE - HAD TO – MIGHT - MUST - MUSTN’T -

NEEDN’T – SHOULD HAVE - WOULD

1. It’s quite warm outside so you __________________ put on a coat.

2. You __________________ go home now. You __________________ finish

writing those emails. They can wait until tomorrow.

3. He __________________ gone to the doctor when he started feeling ill. Now

it’s going to take longer for him to recover,

4. According to the weather report it __________________ rain today, but I’m not
so sure about it.

5. My mother gave me an important letter to post, so I ________________ forget

to post it.

6. You __________________ come if you don’t want to.

7. Children __________________ play with matches.

8. That _________________ be Harry. He said he was going to Paris. What’s he

doing here?

9. We will have to take a taxi to the airport, otherwise we __________________

miss our plane.

10. I __________________ like to go to the cinema with you this weekend. How
about it?

11. When I went to Spain for the first time, I __________________ speak a word
of Spanish.

12. This jewellery is very valuable. My grandmother gave it to me. You

__________________ look after it carefully and __________________ lose it.

13. She felt ill and __________________ leave the office earlier.

14. You __________________ be very thirsty. I’ll bring you something to drink
right away.

25
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

15. You should buy a lottery ticket this weekend. You __________________ win
up to 3 million dollars.

16. You __________________ informed me about the flight delay.

17. __________________ you pass me the sugar, please?

18. You __________________ smoke in public places or restaurants. It’s against

the law.

Complete the sentences with one of the prepositions from the box.

AT - BELOW – BETWEEN – BY - FOR - FROM – IN - NEAR – OF – ON

- OVER – TO - UNDER - WITH

1. Where do you come _____________ ? – I’m American.

2. Our cat always lies _____________the table when we have dinner.
3. They walked _____________the bridge together.
4. He returned safely _____________his expedition to the Antarctic.
5. There’s always a lot to see _____________an airport.
6. Venice is always full _____________tourists.
7. What was his reaction _____________the news?
8. There has been an increase _____________the number of cars on this road.
9. I am very impressed _____________your good language skills.
10. He was sitting _____________the fire.
11. Could you take a picture _____________me, please?
12. Although she’s 25 she still lives _____________her parents.
13. He was in Tokyo yesterday but this morning he’s left _____________Beijing.
14. I’ll meet you _____________the corner.
15. The advantage _____________having a car is that you don’t have to rely
_____________public transport.
16. Everything can be explained. There’s a reason _____________everything.
17. She left school _____________the age of 16.
18. Catherine is a good friend _____________mine.
19. Who is responsible _____________the noise that was made yesterday?
20. There are a few differences _____________American and British English.

26
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

21. It was terribly cold outside. It must have been 25 ° _____________zero.

22. Money isn’t the solution _____________every problem.
23. You could take a taxi but it’s better to go _____________foot.
24. Civil servants are _____________strike today.
25. The workers demanded a rise _____________pay.

Complete the sentences with one of the prepositions from the box.

ABOUT - AGAINST - AT - FOR - FROM - IN -

INTO - OF - ON - TO - WITH

1. I almost never agree ______________ him, but this time we shared the same
opinion.
2. He subscribed ______________ the weekly magazine.
3. She blamed the incident ______________ my carelessness.
4. The convict escaped ______________ a high security prison.
5. The young woman smiled ______________ me and I smiled back.
6. Students are protesting ______________ increasing tuition fees at universities.
7. Small children believe ______________ Father Christmas or Santa Claus.
8. After the accident the ambulance took him to the hospital where he fell
______________ a coma.
9. Catharine's parents disapproved ______________ her marriage to the wealthy
banker.
10. Rugby is often associated ______________ being a brutal sport.
11. She cares ______________ her mother a lot and always comes to visit her.
12. After graduating he applied ______________ a job at a local book shop.
13. She insisted ______________ taking me out to dinner on my birthday.
14. I always shop ______________ my Christmas presents during the summer
holidays.
15. After studying at university, she developed ______________ a great scientist.
16. He invested all his money ______________ real estate.
17. The dog barked ______________ the delivery man when he came through
the gate.
18. Dad always tries to protect me ______________ bad influences.

27
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

19. We must sympathize ______________ those who have lost relatives in the
conflict.
20. The drug addict died ______________ an overdose of heroin.
21. In August 1945 the Japanese surrendered ______________ the Americans.
22. It took him a long time to recover ______________ the accident he had last
year.
23. My neighbour complained ______________ the noise on the streets.
24. The farmers in the region hoped ______________ rain because the drought
was destroying all the crops.
25. She gazed ______________ me in astonishment.

Complete the sentences with one of the prepositions from the box.

ACROSS - BESIDES - BETWEEN - BY – DOWN - DURING

- FOR - FROM - IN – INTO – OFF - ON - OVER - THROUGH
- TO – UNDER – UNTIL – UP – WITH - WITHOUT

1. As time went on, the boy changed _______________ a man.

2. She works at night and sleeps _______________ the day.
3. He is very arrogant and always looks _______________ at us.
4. We went _______________ the stairs to get our gym clothes.
5. She couldn't talk to me because she was _______________ a hurry.
6. He was so tired that he slept the whole night _______________.
7. You can't drive over that bridge because it is _______________ repair at the
moment.
8. We shared the money we received _______________ us.
9. She was able to solve the difficult math test _______________ ease.
10. She prefers volleyball _______________ basketball.
11. You can't leave _______________ any money. You'll need some for your
ticket.
12. Teachers have gone _______________ strike in the past, so this situation is
not unusual.
13. It took _______________ an hour for the technicians to restore electricity to
the village.
14. _______________ now on you will report to me whenever something
happens.

28
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

15. He will remain in the office _______________ a successor is found.

16. The boy was very clever _______________ his age.
17. You must hand in your thesis _______________ next week, at the latest.
18. Do you speak any other languages _______________ English?
19. The boy walked _______________ the field to the house.
20. There's a sign that says, "Keep _______________ the grass!"

Complete the sentences using the words from the box.

ANYONE - ANYTHING – ANYWHERE – EVERYBODY – EVERTHING - EVERYWHERE -

NOBODY - NOTHING - SOMEONE – SOMETHING - SOMEWHERE

1. Do you have ________________ in your coat pocket? – Let's see.

2. Jonathon is speaking to ________________ on the phone.
3. Aimee didn't tell her secret to ________________.
4. The headmaster is very popular at school. ________________ likes him.
5. My boyfriend likes to be at home. He doesn't want to go ________________
after dark.
6. The room was empty. There was ________________ to talk to.
7. There was ________________ the doctor could do for him.
8. Judy was hungry. She wanted to go ________________ to have a burger.
9. There is ________________ at the door. Could you go and check?
10. Dad gave me ________________ for my graduation.
11. We stayed in London for a whole week and visited ________________ in this
marvellous city.
12. There is a bomb threat. ________________ must leave the building at once.
13. There are bugs ________________ in this room. It's disgusting.
14. I opened the door but there was ________________ there.
15. I heard ________________ coming down the stairs, but I couldn't see who it
was.
16. What were you doing last evening? – I was at home. I wasn't doing
________________.
17. Does ________________ have a pen? – Yes, I've got one.

29
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

18. There was ________________ on the bus. The last passenger had got off
one stop earlier.
19. ________________ made an anonymous phone call to the police.
20. I have got ________________ in my right eye. Could you have a look?
21. His injury looked bad but fortunately ________________ was broken.
22. Does ________________ mind if I open the window?
23. You can sit ________________ you want. There are no seat numbers.
24. She was still awake but ________________ else had already gone to bed.
25. There's ________________ wrong about the data. I checked it myself.

Complete the sentences using the words from the box.

ANOTHER / EACH / EVERY / ONE / OTHER

/OTHERS

1. The email has been sent to __________________ member of the teaching

staff.
2. __________________ of his sisters lives in Australia, the
__________________ one in America.
3. Would you like __________________ piece of cake?
4. I put __________________ of the documents into a separate folder.
5. A train arrives __________________ 10 minutes.
6. __________________ of the students of my class came down with the flu
yesterday.
7. Some people like politics, __________________ aren't interested in it at all.
8. Is there __________________ golf course around here?
9. There are two routes. __________________ goes through the city, the
__________________ passes through the countryside.
10. I usually get up at 6.30 __________________ morning.
11. There are five questions left. You must answer __________________ of
them.
12. Let's go to __________________ restaurant today. We always go to the
same _____________.
13. We paid $5 __________________ for the reservations.
14. There are three parts in the test and __________________ one lasts for 45
minutes.

30
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

15. The headmaster wants to speak to __________________ teacher.

16. Could I ask you __________________ question if you don't mind?
17. __________________ player needs to wear a helmet. There are no
exceptions.
18. All the British Airways flights to London are fully booked. We'll have to take
__________________ airline.
19. We have ballet practice __________________ second Monday.
20. He always stays with __________________ of his relatives when he's in
town.

Complete the sentences using the words from the box.

LITTLE / A LITTLE / FEW / A

FEW

1. We have _____________ time left. Let's try to get finished quickly.

2. You have _____________ ideas left, so let's hear them.
3. I have got very _____________ friends, so I'm alone most of the time.
4. Would you like _____________ water?
5. What you need is _____________ more self-confidence.
6. _____________ is known about how the disease spreads.
7. I'm sorry, but I speak _____________ Spanish. Can't we communicate in
English?
8. Very _____________ people went to see the movie.
9. Mary managed to get _____________ piece of cake.
10. She saves _____________ money every month because she wants to go on
a cruise next summer.
11. There are _____________ posts that are really worth reading. Most of them
are rubbish.
12. I have drunk _____________ water today, so I guess that's why I'm so thirsty.
13. There are _____________ good books that I would recommend reading.
14. Have you got any money left in your bank account? Yes, I have
_____________, but not very much.
15. There are _____________ cities in the world that have a multicultural society.
16. There was _____________ time to finish the project, so we had to work on
weekends.

31
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

17. We stayed in New York for _____________ days before moving on to the
Midwest.
18. I'd like to tell you _____________ about my childhood.
19. I made very _____________ mistakes, so I got a very good mark.
20. I see _____________ reason for giving him _____________ days off.

Combine the TWO sentences to ONE, using a relative pronoun.

1. The police arrested the man. He murdered his wife.
________________________________________________________________
___________________________ .

2. I can't remember the name of the street. I lost my passport there.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________ .

3. Where are the shoes? I bought them yesterday.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________ .

4. The book is very interesting. I borrowed it from the library.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________ .

5. I'll never forget the day. I got my first bike on that day.
________________________________________________________________
___________________________ .

6. This is the man. His dog bit me.

________________________________________________________________
_______________________ .

7. The pupils missed the test. They came late.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________ .

8. This is my boyfriend. His father works at Macy's.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________ .

9. That man is a politician. I forgot his name.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________ .

10. I'll show you the church. I got married there.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________ .

11. The actor is very famous. I met him a few days ago.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________ .

32
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

12. I have a new camera. I bought it last week.

________________________________________________________________
_______________________ .

13. I passed the entrance test. That is quite difficult to do.

________________________________________________________________
_______________________ .

14. My friend invited many people. His house is huge.

________________________________________________________________
_______________________ .

15. John belongs to a group of people. They send food packages to Africa.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________ .

Complete the sentences with relative pronouns from the

box. THAT – WHEN – WHERE - WHICH - WHO – WHOSE
- WHY

1. The new movie is about a boy _____________ has lost his parents in a car
accident.

2. He is the young man, _____________ wife left him for someone else.

3. The DVD recorder _____________ I bought at this store a few days ago is not
working.

4. That's the book _____________ I recommended reading in class.

5. Is this the hotel _____________ you are staying for the tournament?

6. My dad, _____________ travels a lot on business, is in Australia at the

moment.

7. It was midnight _____________ the first rescue team arrived at the scene of
the accident.

8. There are several reasons _____________ I am not allowed to give you any
information.

9. We stayed at the famous Rockstar hotel, _____________ also had an indoor

swimming pool.

10. Did you write back to the person _____________ offered you a job?

11. The story is about a young woman _____________ 5-year old son suddenly
disappears.

12. The tennis court _____________ they usually play is currently not available.

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

13. My sister was born at a time _____________ my dad was out of work.

14. Where is the money _____________ I gave you yesterday?

15. That's the man _____________ I spoke to the other day.

16. Mr. Fields, _____________ sister is one of the leading experts in this country,
talked about the dangers of the virus.

17. He didn't tell us _____________ he made such an irresponsible decision.

18. The present _____________ I got from my boyfriend was really fantastic.

19. I have to buy a present for my mother, _____________ birthday is next week.

20. The youth hostel _____________ we stayed last week was really big.

Combine the TWO sentences to ONE, using a relative pronoun.

1. That is the man. I spoke to him the other day.
________________________________________________________________
___________________________

2. They elected a new mayor. His aim is to help the poor.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________

3. I really like the car. I bought it last year.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________

4. Mr Black took over the company. His wife died last year.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________

5. The restaurant is the best in town. We usually eat there.

________________________________________________________________
_______________________

6. The film is about a woman. Her son mysteriously disappears.

________________________________________________________________
_______________________

7. That is the place. I grew up there.

________________________________________________________________
_______________________

8. I met a woman. Her husband is a famous producer.

________________________________________________________________
_______________________

9. The man was arrested yesterday. He escaped from prison a week ago.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________

34
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

10. The bag is heavy. It contains a lot of presents.

________________________________________________________________
_______________________

11. The Marybelle Hotel is opening up again. I stayed there a few years ago.
________________________________________________________________
___________________________

12. My friend's father gave us the tickets. He owns a travel agency.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________

13. Mr Honeywell is a good teacher. Everyone likes him.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________

14. The exercise was very complicated. Nobody could do it.

________________________________________________________________
___________________________

15. That's the producer. His films are always a great success.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. After they _____________________ home from their honeymoon, they
_____________________ building their new house. (COME, START)

2. Two years ago, my brother _____________________ an accident and he

_____________________ since then. (HAVE, NOT RECOVER)

3. When I _____________________ home last night, my children

_____________________ chess. (COME, PLAY)

4. I would have come yesterday if I _____________________ anything to do.

(NOT HAVE)

5. She _____________________ happy after he _____________________ her a

bunch of roses. (BE, GIVE)

6. Last year _____________________ a good year, but this year

_____________________ very successful up to now. (BE, NOT BE)

7. After Dick _____________________ his work, he _____________________

Harry. (FINISH, CALL)

8. Yesterday the phone _____________________ three times while we

_____________________ dinner. (RING, HAVE)

9. After five years of travelling through Asia I _____________________ back to

Europe next week. I _____________________ a flight. (COME, ALREADY
BOOK)

10. Grass normally _____________________ best when it rains. (GROW)

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 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

11. When I _____________________ home, I saw that my wife

_____________________ off our daughter’s hair. (COME, CUT)

12. Who _____________________ the guitar upstairs? – It’s Mary. She

_____________________ for the concert tomorrow. (PLAY,REHEARSE)

13. After she _____________________ on holiday, she

_____________________ much better. (BE, FEEL)

14. I _____________________ in this line for ages. It _____________________

at all in the last five minutes. (STAND, NOT MOVE)

15. How many games _____________________ so far this year? – Only 2. –

And how many _____________________ last year? – About 10. (YOU PLAY,
YOU PLAY)

16. We _____________________ married next June. (GET)

17. In yesterday’s paper I _____________________ that a fire

_____________________ out in my neighbourhood (READ, BREAK).

18. While I _____________________ with a lovely girl, the whole crowd

_____________________ us. (DANCE, WATCH).

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. I ______________________ since nine in the morning, but I
______________________ yet. (WORK, NOT FINISH)
2. ______________________ to my sister yesterday? – No, I
______________________ her for a long time. (YOU SPEAK, NOT SEE)
3. I couldn’t come to the party on Friday because I ______________________ ill
the whole week. (BE)
4. They ______________________ a game of cards when the headmaster
entered the classroom. (PLAY)
5. He usually ______________________ to see me every day, but he
______________________ yet today. (COME, NOT COME)
6. What ___________________________ since the last time I saw you? (YOU
DO)
7. It __________________ so cold last night that the water in the lake
___________________. (BE, FREEZE)
8. Jack and Jill ______________________ married next October. (GET)
9. After they ______________________ building the bridge, they started
constructing a new road. (FINISH)
10. Mary ______________________ a new hat when suddenly the wind
______________________ it away. (WEAR, BLOW)
11. She normally ____________________ the bus to work but today her dad
__________________ her. (TAKE, DRIVE)

36
 ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 2
Wôkoudo Marcel MASSIMBO, English for Specific and Technical Purposes trainer.
Email: massiwok@[Link]

12. He ______________________ his keys. He ______________________ for

them since yesterday, but he ______________________ them yet. (LOSE,
LOOK, NOT FIND)
13. Where is Jean? – She ______________________ her homework. (STILL
DO)
14. I am not English. I ______________________ from Australia. (COME)
15. They ______________________ for four hours when they finally reached the
village. (HIKE)
16. Since when ______________________ that new car? – When
______________________ it? (YOU HAVE, YOU BUY)
17. When I __________________ a child, I ________________ to know a lot of
fairy tales. (BE, USE)
18. I think I ______________________ a drink now. I’m so nervous. (HAVE)
19. It ______________________ her for the past five weeks (NOT RAIN)
20. ______________________ to China? – Yes, I ______________________

37