ABS PIPE

& FITTINGS
DESIGN

VIADUX VERSION 2
 ABS PIPE
& FITTINGS
DESIGN

DISCLAIMER
This document has been prepared by Viadux to assist qualified
engineers and contractors in the selection of the Company’s
product, and is not intended to be an exhaustive statement on
pipeline design, installation or technical matters. Any conclusions,
formulae and the like contained in the manual represent best
estimates only and may be based on assumptions which, while
reasonable may not necessarily be correct for every installation.
Successful installation depends on numerous factors outside
the Company’s control, in to any person who relies on the whole
or any part of this manual and excludes all liability imposed
by any statute or by the general law in respect of this manual
whether statements and representation in this manual are made
negligently or otherwise except to the extent it is prevented by
law from so doing. The manual is not an offer to trade and shall
not form any part of the trading terms in any transaction. Viadux
trading terms contain specific provisions which limit the liability of
Viadux to the cost of replacing or repairing any defective product.

COPYRIGHT
This manual is a publication of Viadux Pty Ltd, ABN 75 087 415 745,
and must not be copied or reproduced in whole or part without the
Company’s prior written consent.
This manual is and shall remain as the Company’s property and
shall be returned to the Company on its request. The Company
reserves the right to make changes to any matter at any time
without notice.
All Viadux trademarks and logos are owned by Viadux Pty Ltd.
All other brand or product names are trademarks or registered
marks of their respective owners.

DURAFLO ABS PIPE & FITTINGS

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CONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Valve Selection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Pipe Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Pressure Temperature Derating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Flow Calculation For Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Thermal Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Designing For Pipe Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Expansion Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Expansion Compensator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Rubber Bellows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Pipe Wall Stressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Pipe Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Pipe Support Pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Pipe Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Support Of Heavy Pipe Line Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Equipment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Pipe Support Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Deflecting Pipes On A Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Collapse Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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ABS PIPE & FITTINGS
DESIGN MANUAL

THE COMPANY INTRODUCTION MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Viadux has a highly trained and ABS thermoplastics are recognized as The formulation of ABS used by Viadux
experienced team who are dedicated to a suitable material to be used in many has been developed in conjunction with
the design, manufacture, installation and industry applications. polymer manufacturers to optimise
operation of its products. performance in respect to tensile
The material is very tough and resilient, strength, chemical resistance, ductility,
The company is committed to a program has high impact strength, good chemical resistance to weathering, heat stability,
of continuous improvement in the resistance, non-toxic and taint free. low toxicity, taint free and ease of
quality and reliability of its products and processing from raw material to finished
services. Technical advice is available ABS Piping Systems are replacing many
systems made from other materials. product.
from our engineer team. Application
advice and support is also available. DURAFLO Piping Systems comprises ABS is tough and strong over the
Our products are manufactured to a large range of pressure ratings for recommended temperature range of
conform to recognised international pipes and fittings, joined together by cold -30˚C to +60˚C.
engineering quality standard such as solvent cement welding.
Australian Standard AS/NZS 3518.
DURAFLO ABS Pipe & Fittings are also
accredited to ISO9001:2008 Quality
System.

ABS HAS OUTSTANDING

ABS APPLICATIONS THE MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Our products are widely used in a variety Acrylonitrile—Butadiene—Styrene - High impact strength and ductility,
of applications such as: (ABS) identifies a family of engineering which combine to give exceptional
thermoplastics with a broad range toughness
- HVAC, chilled water and condenser of performance characteristics. The
copolymeric system is alloyed to yield - Good chemical resistance
- Water reticulation
the optimum balance of properties - Abrasion resistance
- Domestic plumbing suited to the selected end use.
- High strength, solvent weld jointing
- Water treatment plants which allows efficient system assembly
ACRYLONITRILE—imparts chemical
- Waste water treatment and resistance and rigidity. and modification
recycling plants - Withstands aggressive ground waters
- Power generation plants BUTADIENE—endows the product with
impact strength, toughness and abrasion - High strain tolerance for buried
- Industrial plants such as electronics, resistance. applications
food processing, chemical, paper mills, - Good resistance to ultraviolet light
palm oils and rubber mills. STYRENE—contributes to the lustre,
ease of processing and rigidity. - Better flow rate

PRESSURE RATINGS

DURAFLO ABS Piping Systems are

available in a range of sizes from DN 15
to DN 750. Standard pressure ratings
at 20˚C are 900kPa, 1200kPa and
1500kPa (Class C, Class D and Class E).

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DESIGN MANUAL

ENVIRONMENTAL WEATHER RESISTANCE SMOOTH BORE

The use of ABS contributes positively DURAFLO ABS displays good weather DURAFLO ABS does not suffer from
to the environment as it takes resistance. Successful field tests have internal corrosion and provides a smooth
approximately one sixth of the energy been completed on piping systems bore for the life of the piping systems.
to manufacture compared to metal having been exposed to weathering for The smooth bore does not support
products. This has direct savings in over 30 years. formation of scale and slime as with
greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally cement based lined products.
ABS is lead and chlorine free and can be
readily recycled. LIGHT WEIGHT
COLD SOLVENT WELD JOINING
IMPACT STRENGTH ABS is one-sixth the weight of steel
systems, making DURAFLO easy to The DURAFLO range also utilises the
handle and install. This reduces the cost proven traditional method of joining ABS
The butadiene constituent in ABS affords of installation, handling and transport. pipes, cold solvent cement welding. This
unrivalled resistance to impact. This provides a homogeneous bond between
means that DURAFLO Piping systems pipes and fittings (SWJ).
may be used in more critical applications CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
where other types of plastics could not
be considered. TEMPERATURE RANGE
DURAFLO ABS is unaffected by both
ABS is a ductile material and the mode internal and external attack by a wide
of failure resembles that of soft copper. range of acids, alkalis, ground water A great advantage of DURAFLO ABS
Failure is by ductile distortion and salts and other environmental factors. over other plastic systems is its ability
tearing, the localized nature minimizing Please refer to Viadux for further to perform over a wide temperature
the loss of pipe contents. information. range from -30˚C to +60˚C. This makes
In contrast, crack propagation and DURAFLO ABS very versatile and
hazardous material fragmentation capable of handling a wide variety of
accompany the failure of brittle material. QUICK REFERENCE fluids from refrigerants to moderately
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE hot corrosive liquids.
25

Weak acids Good resistance THERMAL EXPANSION

20 Strong acids Limited resistance
Weak alkalis Good resistance All thermoplastics expand at a greater
uPVC @ 20˚C
Strong alkalis Good resistance rate than metal.
ABS @ 0˚C
IMPACT ENERGY. kg/m

15 Aggressive soils Excellent resistance Expansion need not cause undue

ABS @ 20˚C Metal salts Good resistance concern in design or installation of an
Sea water Excellent resistance ABS piping system provided that due
recognition is taken at the design stage.
10 Aromatic hydrocarbons The reduced flexural modulus of ABS
Poor resistance over that of steel results in reduced
- Organic solvents Poor resistance loads on supports and equipment
5 arising from thermal strains. The linear
coefficient of thermal expansion of ABS
NON-TOXIC / TAINT FREE is 10.1 x 10-5m/m˚C.

0
20 32 50 100 200 The ABS formulation contains no
PIPE SIZE. mm harmful metallic stabilisers and it
has been widely used for many years
in piping systems for drinking water,
ABRASION RESISTANCE medical preparations, food products
and potable water. DURAFLO ABS
Systems are ideal for potable cold water.
DURAFLO ABS offers outstanding They conform to AS 4020 requirement
resistance to abrasion and erosion from for potable water reticulation and
aggressive slurries which can rapidly distribution.
damage steel or other traditional pipe
materials.

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ABS PIPE & FITTINGS
DESIGN MANUAL

VALVE SELECTION CRITERIA

BALL DIAPHRAGM BUTTERFLY

This table will assist with the selection of

suitable thermoplastic valves. Size range DN 15 - DN 100 DN 15 - DN 50 DN 50 - DN 200

Clean liquid Good Good Good

Slurry Refer to Viadux Suitable Refer to Viadux

Flow control Off / On Good Moderate

Position indicator Yes Yes Yes

Vacuum proof Yes No Yes

Pressure surge behaviour Good Refer to Viadux Good

Natural rubber
FPM / PTFE FPM
Sealing materials Butyl rubber
EDPM / PTFE EDPM
PTFE / EDPM
Maximum pressure range
1600kPa 1000kPa 1000kPa
@ +20˚C
Suitable for electric or
Yes Yes Yes
pneumatic actuator

End connection Socket, thread, flange Spigot, socket, thread, flange Wafer style

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ABS PIPE & FITTINGS
DESIGN MANUAL

PIPE DESIGN CRITERIA

DURAFLO pipe design is in

accordance with the requirements
set out in AS/NZ3518.

DESIGN FACTOR OF SAFETY (F)

This factor is applied to the minimum
ultimate strength of material to establish
‘safe’ (conservative) working loads.
The DURAFLO standard range of pipes
is engineered using a minimum design
safety factor of 1.6. This degree of safety
margin in the design of pipes means that
the standard DURAFLO range of pipes
are suitable for application in critical
services such as permanent urban water
supply applications and where high
security is required for the transport of
hazardous chemicals.

DESIGN BASIS the pipe wall material can support for a STRESS REGRESSION
This is a period, usually a minimum of specified time.
50 years according to convention, which At a constant temperature the time to
This value is calculated using the failure due to stress of a thermoplastic
is used to determine the long term
statistical procedures detailed in the pipe is inversely proportional to the
hydrostatic strength of ABS pipe.
standard extrapolation method of magnitude of the stress.
ISO/TR 9080.
HYDROSTATIC DESIGN STRESS By conducting a series of burst tests on
ABS material at different stress levels,
This hydrostatic design stress (HDS) is MINIMUM REQUIRED a graph of stress versus time to fracture
the minimum required strength (MRS) STRENGTH (MRS) can be plotted. This is always shown as
divided by the Design Safety Factor. a log-log plot and is known as the Stress
This is the minimum value of ΔLCL
For the minimum design safety of 1.6 for a temperature of 20˚C and for the Regression Characteristic for the pipe.
used in the DURAFLO pipe ranges, the conventional period of 50 years. The ABS It is representing a possible ‘life’ for the
maximum HDS of 10 MPa is used. material used to manufacture DURAFLO pipe manufactured from the selected
ABS has an MRS of 16MPa. ABS raw material compound.
LONG TERM
HYDROSTATIC STRENGTH PN VALUE
This is the 97.5% lower confidence This is the nominal working pressure at
limit value of hoop stress, continuously 20˚C, in bar (10 bar = 1 MPa).
applied at a specified temperature that

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 ABS PIPE & FITTINGS
DESIGN MANUAL

PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE DERATING

All thermoplastic piping system pressure ratings apply at the standard mid-wall temperature of 20°C. Where systems are required
to operate at higher continuous mid-wall temperatures, pressure ratings must be adjusted in accordance with the following graph.
The pressure values from 10°C up to 50˚C are for 50 years design life, for 60˚C are for 20 years design life.

OPERATING PRESSURE BASED ON TEMPERATURE RERATING

20
19 PN15
18
17
16
PN12
15
14
13
OPERATING PRESSURE. Bar

12
PN9
11
10
9
8 PN6
7
6 PN4.5
5
4
3
2
1
0
-30 10 20 30 40 50 60
PIPE MID-WALL TEMPERATURE. ˚C

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ABS PIPE & FITTINGS
DESIGN MANUAL

FLOW CALCULATIONS
FOR LIQUIDS

The extreme smoothness of the

DURAFLO ABS pipe and the chemical
resistance of the material to
water prevents internal corrosion.
Consequently, the hydraulic
characteristics of an ABS DURAFLO pipe
generally remain constant for the life of
the system. DURAFLO ABS pipes do not
need to be “over-sized” in the design
stage to allow for future performance
losses due to corrosion.
For gravity pipe systems where the
flow regime may be partially full, the
engineer should refer to the procedure in
AS 2200 - Design charts for water supply
and sewerage.

PRESSURE LOSS
CALCULATION PROCEDURE
Pressure drops due to friction may be
determined for practical purposes using
nomograms (flow charts). Full range of ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE LOSS IN STRAIGHT
nomograms for applications where the LENGTHS OF PIPE
The aforementioned method will provide
media is water can be found at the end a conservative selection of pipe diameter The head loss in straight lengths of pipe
of this catalogue. (Absolute roughness and class for an application. A more can be calculated as follows :
for ABS pipe in operation, ε = 0.007mm). rigorous approach will derive significant
savings in the design of a pipe system. L v2
The fluid pressure loss through fittings Hp = f x
may be included in the overall system d 2g
pressure loss by calculating the ABS FITTINGS CONSTANTS where
equivalent length of pipe equal to the
pressure loss through individual fittings. L = length of pipe. m
Fittings F
Hp = head loss. m
The calculations of pressure loss in Elbow 90 0.017
fittings is: f = Darcy friction factor, dimensionless
Elbow 45 0.009 d = inside diameter of pipe. m
Ef = F x D
Bend 90˚ Short Radius 0.004 v = mean velocity of media. m/s
where: g = 9.81m/s2,
Bend 45˚ Short Radius 0.002
Ef = e
 quivalent length of straight pipe acceleration due to gravity
for fittings. m Bend 90˚ Long Radius 0.002
The Darcy friction factor is dependent
F = f ittings constant Bend 45˚ Long Radius 0.001 upon the Reynolds number, Re, and the
(see adjacent column) relative roughness of the pipe surface,
Tee Through 0.011
D = fittings diameter, mm
ε
Tee Branch 0.042
To calculate the total pressure loss in d
the system, the equivalent straight pipe
length for fittings is added to the total where
measured straight pipe length. ρ = density. kg/m3
µ = dynamic viscosity. kg/m/s
ε = absolute roughness. mm
ε = 0.003mm, the absolute roughness
for clean ABS

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COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION LAMINAR FLOW. In this type of flow Re<2000 and

FOR FITTINGS. Kf the Darcy factor yields:
64
Type of Fitting Kf f=
Re
Elbows
TURBULENT FLOW. The friction factor for
90° 1.2 Re>2000 is calculated using the Colebrook White
equation:
45° 0.35

( )
ε
Bends—Sweep
1 = -2log10 d + 2.51
90° 0.5 √f 3.7 Re√f
45° 0.2
HEAD LOSS IN FITTINGS
22° 0.1
v2
Tees Hf = ΣKf x
2g
Flow through 0.6
where
Flow to branch 1.8
ΣKf = NbendsKbends + NelbowsKelbows + NteesKtees
Flow from branch 1.5 +…
Entries where
Square 0.65 Kf = coefficient of friction for each type of fitting,
Protruding 0.75 shown in the adjacent table
N = number of fittings of each type
Slightly rounded 0.21
Bellmouth 0.06 TOTAL HEAD LOSS
Outlets (all) 1.0 Using the head loss calculations above, the
pressure drop in the pipeline is calculated using
Sudden Enlargements the formula:
Inlet to outlet ratio 4:5 0.15 Δp = ρg(Hp + Hf), N/m2
Inlet to outlet ratio 3:5 0.4 Notes.
Inlet to outlet ratio 1.2 0.6 - The Reynolds number range between 2000 and 4000 is called the critical
Inlet to outlet ratio 2:5 0.75 zone. Flow in this zone is unstable, and this must be taken into account.
- The methods shown above can be used with various types of Newtonian
Inlet to outlet ratio 1:5 0.9 fluids.
Sudden Contractions
Inlet to outlet ratio 4:5 0.45
Inlet to outlet ratio 3:5 0.38
Inlet to outlet ratio 1.2 0.35
Inlet to outlet ratio 2:5 0.28
Inlet to outlet ratio 1:5 0.15
Valves Fully Open
Gate 0.2
Butterfly 0.3
Ball 0.5
Swing check 1.3
Diaphragm 2.4

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DESIGN MANUAL

THERMAL EXPANSION The mid-wall temperature is EXAMPLE

dependent on the internal and external Calculate the thermal expansion of
environmental temperatures with the a 50 metre section of DURAFLO ABS
Expansion is not a problem during temperature of the flowing media having Pipe with an expected variation in the
the installation of an ABS DURAFLO the greater influence. temperature of the fluid conveyed from
pipe systems provided the appropriate 20˚C to 30˚C and an expected variation
provisions are made during the design The variation in pipe wall temperature of the ambient temperature from 10˚C
stage. can be calculated as : to 40˚C.
The linear coefficient of thermal ΔT = 0.65ΔTL + 0.10ΔTA ΔTL= 30 - 20 = 10˚
expansion for DURAFLO ABS Pipe is 10.1 where
x 10-5m/m°C (5.6 x 10-5ft/ft°F). ΔTA = 40 - 10 = 30˚C
ΔT = pipe wall temperature variation. ˚C
The variation in pipe wall temperature ΔT = 0.65ΔTL + 0.10ΔTA = 6.5 + 3 = 9.5˚C
ΔTL= maximum temperature variation
should be used in the following equation in pipe content. ˚C ΔL = L x C x ΔT
to calculate the maximum pipe thermal
ΔTA = maximum temperature variation ΔL = 50 x 10.1 x 10-5 X 9.5 = 0.047975m
movement. (Pipe operating and shut
of external air. ˚C
down conditions should be considered ΔL = 47.98mm
when evaluating extreme temperature
variations). The following graph allows you to read
directly total pipe expansion from a
ΔL = L x C x ΔT known pipe length and temperature
where range.
ΔL = pipe expansion/contraction. m
L = original pipe length. m
C = linear coefficient of thermal
expansion. 10.1 x 10-5m/m˚C
ΔT = pipe wall temperature variation. ˚C

600 60˚

500 50˚

VARIATION MID-WALL TEMPERATURE. ∆T(˚C)

400 40˚
PIPE EXPANSION ( ∆L)

300 30˚

200 20˚
20˚
100 10˚
10˚
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
PIPE LENGTH. m

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DESIGNING FOR PIPE ROUTE PLANNING An inappropriate installation is shown in

PIPE EXPANSION figure 2. The pipe run is fixed at one end
In the vast majority of cases, effective A and constrained at the other B.
- ABOVE GROUND route planning can eliminate the
requirement of expansion loops, or PIPE DEFLECTION
Pipe expansion of a cold solvent cement expansion bellows, etc, with consequent
welded pipeline may be accommodated financial savings.
FIXED POINT A
using any one or combination of the The basic principle of design is to allow
following techniques: pipe runs to move axially from a fixed FIGURE 2 PIPE CLIP B
point (anchor) and then guide this


- Pipe route planning
movement into a change of pipe direction As the temperature
- Expansion loops ensuring that the pipe is free to flex as increases the pipe
shown in figure 1. will try to expand, but
- Expansion joints (rubber bellows)
FIGURE 1 will have nowhere
- Pipe wall stressing to go, as the ends
FIXED POINT PIPE MOVEMENT are constrained by PIPE CLIP C
clip B. Thus the pipe
will ‘snake’ between
PIPE CLIP PIPE supports as indicated.
FREE TO
MOVE In figure 3, effective route leg planning
has eliminated the need for expansion
loops, etc, by a simple redesign of pipe
supports.
By utilising a suitable pipe support to
allow free lateral pipe movement, the
pipe can be installed with sufficient
PIPE CLIP flexibility to expand and contract.
The support at C remains but the clip
at pipe support B is eliminated to give
sufficient length for flexibility.
FIGURE 3
FIXED POINT A

PIPE CLIP B REMOVED

ALLOWING PIPE LATERAL MOVEMENT

 PIPE CLIP C

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DESIGNING FOR EXPANSION LOOP LEG LENGTH. H mm

PIPE EXPANSION
- ABOVE GROUND Pipe Size Expansion - ∆L/2 (figure 4) - ∆L (figure 5) mm
DN 25 50 75 100 150 200
15 650 920 1130 1300 1595 1840
CALCULATE THE EXPANSION
20 730 1030 1265 1460 1785 2065
Establish an anchor point midway along
the straight length of pipe to control the 25 815 1155 1415 1635 2000 2310
direction of any movement.
32 915 1300 1590 1835 2250 2595
- Position pipe supports away from
change of direction to allow required 40 980 1390 1700 1960 2400 2775
movement. 50 1095 1550 1900 2200 2690 3105
- The extent of movement to be 65 1225 1735 2125 2450 3005 3470
accommodated at each end from
the neutral position will be + 25% of 80 1330 1885 2310 2665 3260 3765
the total expansion. Example, if total 100 1510 2135 2615 3020 3700 4270
calculated expansion is 100mm, 50mm
of this is to be accommodated at each 125 1675 2365 2900 3345 4100 4730
end, which is +25mm from the neutral
150 1835 2590 3175 3665 4490 5185
position, see figure 5.
200 2120 3000 3675 4240 5195 6000

EXPANSION LOOPS 225 2500 3535 4330 4995 6120 7065

- ABOVE GROUND 250 2645 3740 4580 5290 6475 7480
300 2805 3965 4860 5610 6870 7930
Length of the expansion loop legs H for 350 2980 4210 5155 5955 7290 8420
sizes up to DN 400 can be determined
using the adjacent table. Please refer to 375 3160 4470 5475 6320 7740 8940
Viadux for further information.
The expansion loop table can also be FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5
used for calculating flexibility required at H/2 MAXIMUM  ΔL 
changes in direction. IIIIIIIIHIIIIIIII
IIIIIIHIIIIII

Expansion loop dimensions can be

reduced considerably by the use of
tandem bellows. Refer Viadux for details.
INTERMEDIATE PIPE SUPPORT
WITHOUT CLIP

 ΔL/2   ΔL/2 

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EXPANSION COMPENSATORS

Where space does not permit a flexible

route, or the use of expansion loops,
rubber bellows should be considered.

EXPANSION COMPENSATOR
OPERATING RANGE*
Travel
Pipe Size Axial
Lateral
DN Compression/ Angular
Deflection
Extension Deflection
mm
mm
32 8-4 8 15˚
40 8-4 8 15˚
50 8-5 8 15˚
65 8-6 10 15˚
80 12 - 6 10 15˚
100 18 - 10 12 15˚
125 18 - 10 12 15˚
150 18 - 10 12 15˚
200 25 - 14 22 15˚
225 25 - 14 22 15˚
GUIDE TO EXPANSION UNIT SELECTION
250 25 - 14 22 15˚
300 25 - 14 22 15˚ Bellows Dual Bellow Loop Loop

350 25 - 14 22 15˚ Accommodate Angular/Lateral Movement Yes Yes Yes

375 25 - 14 22 15˚ Vibration Isolation Good Very good Moderate

400 25 - 14 22 15˚ Axial Expansion Range Very small Very high Good

500 25 - 14 22 15˚ Installation Space Small High Large

575 25 - 16 19 15˚ Maintenance Minimum Minimum Minimum

650 25 - 16 19 10˚ Pressure Rating High High High

750 25 - 16 19 10˚ Size range, DN 32 - 750 300 - 750 32 - 750

*Values shown are for the single sphere bellows Cost/mm Expansion High Moderate High

RUBBER BELLOWS PIPE WALL STRESSING

Rubber bellows are able to In many cases expansion may be taken up by variations in pipe wall stresses.
accommodate angular, lateral and small Contact Viadux for further detailed design procedures should this method be adopted.
axial movements.
Bellows should be located in adjacent
pipe legs to benefit from the lateral
movement.
Bellows in pressure service should
be ‘tied’ to prevent excessive forces
being applied to anchors, nozzles or
structures. Tandem bellows can be used
to meet large thermal movements.

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PIPE SUPPORT Pipe clips should: PIPE SUPPORT PADS

- Allow controlled axial pipe movement
The basic principle of correct pipe - Be free from burrs or sharp edges The use of pipe support pads
supporting is to allow controlled axial between pipe and support is strongly
movement of the pipe whilst providing - Provide required lateral restraint recommended where there is likely to be
lateral restraint and adequate support - All clips shall be corrosion resistant considerable movement of the pipe or
for the pipe. chafing of the pipe from vibration. High
- Pipe clips, other than anchor clips density polyethylene sheet 6 -10 mm is
The hanger type support does not shall be so constructed that, when suitable for this purpose and should be
provide lateral restraint to the pipe and they are securely fixed, longitudinal installed as indicated in figure 6.
therefore encourages snaking and so movement of the pipe is permitted
should be avoided except where located Width of pipe supports must be sufficient
adjacent to the changes in direction - Anchor clips for fixed points shall to allow free axial movement of the pipe
where flexibility may be required. be constructed so that when they without binding.
are tightened, the fitting or pipe is
Thus pipe supports should: securely and evenly clamped to prevent The following table gives recommended
movement. The bearing width shall be pipe support widths.
- Be rigid in construction to adequately
support pipe—fabricated mild steel 25 mm minimum
angle being ideal Pipe Diameter Minimum support width
- Metal clips shall be used in conjunction
with resilient material to protect Up to DN300 25 mm
- Have a wide bearing area—to allow
pipe to move easily over support the pipe and shall have a finished DN350 - DN375 60mm
clearance across the diameter to allow
- Resist deflection—thus transferring for radial and longitudinal movement. DN400 - DN450 100 mm
loads to the structure All materials shall be compatible
DN500 - DN750 300 mm
- Be free from sharp burrs or edges to with ABS, be smooth and free from
avoid cutting or damaging pipe wall protrusions.
FIGURE 6
Viadux provides a range of RADIAL CLEARANCE
- Allow controlled axial movement of PIPE CLIP BETWEEN PIPE AND CLIP
the pipe suitable pipe clips for
pipe sizes up to DN

- Provide lateral restraint, where 200. For sizes DN 225
required and above fabricated
mild steel clips
with a radial
clearance as PIPE SUPPORT PAD
per the following
table are
suitable.

Pipe Diameter Minimum Clearance

Up to DN 150 2 mm
DN 200 - DN 450 5 mm
DN 500 - DN 750 10 mm

DURAFLO ABS PIPE & FITTINGS

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ABS PIPE & FITTINGS
DESIGN MANUAL

PIPE ANCHORS BACKING RING VALVE SUPPORT PLATE

FIGURE 7
Pipe anchors should be provided in
systems where thermal expansion
occurs.
Anchors ensure that pipe movement
occurs in a controlled and predictable
manner.
In addition, pipe anchors will absorb
axial pipe pressure thrust in those GUSSET PLATES
AS REQUIRED
systems fitted with expansion joints.
Where possible, a flanged pipe
connection may be used as an anchor
point by the use of a valve support in
lieu of one of the backing rings. Refer to
figure.7.
Where suitable flange connections are
not convenient, pipe anchors may be BACKING RING VALVE SUPPORT PLATE
constructed by solvent cementing split
fittings to pipe as shown in figure.8. FIGURE 8

An alternative method for pipe diameters

up to 50mm is shown in figure.9.
Anchor points located at mid length of
a straight section need not be as robust
as those associated with expansion
compensators which must be able to
withstand the total pressure thrust plus
frictional resistance to movement.
GUSSET PLATES
NOTE: UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES ANCHOR FLANGE AS REQUIRED
SHOULD A TIGHTENED PIPE CLIP BE CONNECTED ONTO PIPE
USED AS AN ANCHOR.
THE ACTION OF TIGHTENING THE
CLIP IMPOSES A CRUSHING LOAD ON
THE PIPE WHICH MAY DAMAGE THE
PIPE AND AFFECT ITS STRUCTURAL
STABILITY.
FIGURE 9 ANCHOR SLEEVE
PIPE CLIP SECURE WITH STAINLESS STEEL STRAPS

ALTERNATIVE PIPE ANCHOR DETAIL

14 DURAFLO ABS PIPE & FITTINGS

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ABS PIPE & FITTINGS
DESIGN MANUAL

SUPPORT OF HEAVY SUPPORT CENTRES (METRES) DEFLECTING PIPES

PIPELINE ACCESSORIES BASED ON PN 15 PIPE ON A CURVE

Pipe Size Average pipe wall temperature

Valves, filters, or other heavy items DN The flexibility of ABS pipes can often be
should always be independently 20˚ C 40˚C used to an advantage when installing
supported or anchored to prevent undue 15 0.80 0.60 pipe work where a curve is required. The
loading and stress being applied to the following table gives minimum bending
pipe. DURAFLO valve support plates can 20 0.90 0.70 radii without undue stress being placed
be used in place of flange backing rings 25 1.00 0.75 on a pipe.
to provide necessary support.
32 1.20 0.90 Pipes should be curved evenly in the
trench. Do not bend pipe around a point.
40 1.30 0.95 Do not use pegs or stakes to define the
EQUIPMENT CONNECTIONS radius or the designed curve. Bending
50 1.50 1.10 aids if required must be padded to
ABS pipe may be connected directly to 65 1.80 1.35 prevent damage to pipe. Ensure all
pipe or other equipment using flanges solvent weld joints are fully cured before
80 2.00 1.50 attempting bending of pipe.
or threaded connections. Flanges are
the recommended method for all sizes, 100 2.30 1.70 It is possible for pipes to be curved to
however threaded connections maybe a lesser radius than in the table below
125 2.60 1.90
used for sizes 50mm or below, refer to depending on the design pressure/
the DURAFLO Installation Manual for 150 3.00 2.20 temperature relationship. Contact Viadux
threaded connection. for further information.
200 3.50 2.60
225 4.00 2.95 ABS PIPE MINIMUM
PIPE SUPPORT CENTRES BEND RADIUS. m
300 4.20 3.10
350 4.50 3.35 DN Radius
ABS is classified as a strong
thermoplastic over its working 375 4.80 3.55 Up to 65 19.5
temperature range of -30˚ to +60˚C.
400 5.00 3.70 80 24
With increasing temperature, pipe
450 5.50 4.10 100 30
stiffness decreases requiring more
frequent support. 500 6.00 4.45 125 37.5
The spacing of supports shall be such 575 6.20 4.60 150 45
that the midspan deflection does not
exceed 1/500th of the span. 650 6.40 4.75 175 52
As a guide, horizontal support centres 750 6.60 4.90 200 60
for DURAFLO ABS pipe at various
temperature is given in the adjacent The following correction factors should Bending forces for pipe DN 200 and
table. For vertical pipes, support centres be applied for other pipe classes. larger will be excessive and is not
may be increased by 50%. For more recommended.
details contact Viadux. Pressure Rating Correction Factors
Pipes operating at higher temperatures, PN 6 0.71
up to 60˚C, must be continuously
supported. PN 9 0.88
PN 12 0.92
PN 15 1
PN 18 1.05
PN 20 1.07

DURAFLO ABS PIPE & FITTINGS

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ABS PIPE & FITTINGS
DESIGN MANUAL

COLLAPSE UNSUPPORTED CRITICAL

RESISTANCE COLLAPSE PRESSURE. MPa

Long
DURAFLO ABS pipelines are Initial
Term
particularly suitable for below
atmospheric applications. For buried Pipe outside diameter
OD = 60.3
pipelines, design for buckling should
3 mm
be based upon AS 2566 Buried flexible
pipelines - Design. Critical collapse PN, bar PN = 9
pressure (differential pressure) for above
ground pipelines may be calculated
Design Hoop Stress
using the following formula: S= 10
MPa
2xE
( )
t 3
Per = x Poisson’s ration n= 0.35
1-v2 D-t
where: Ring bending stiffness
Eb = 2200 1580
E = Modulus. MPa MPa
(1580 MPa @ 20˚C)
UNSUPPORTED
D = Outside diameter of the pipe. mm CRITICAL COLLAPSE Pcr = 0.45692 0.32815
t = pipe wall thickness. mm PRESSURE. MPa
n = Poisson’s ratio, dimensionless
n = 0.35 for ABS
Note: For temperatures above 20˚C Modulus must be derated UNSUPPORTED CRITICAL
accordingly. PN COLLAPSE PRESSURE. MPa
(ABS 160)
Initial Long Term
PRESSURE 4.5 0.057 0.041
TESTING
6 0.135 0.097
9 0.457 0.328
The recommended test pressure for
DURAFLO ABS pipe used in above 12 1.083 0.778
ground systems is 1.5 times the 15 2.115 1.519
designed operating pressure of the
system for a maximum of one hour, less 18 3.655 2.625
allowance for temperature derating.
20 5.014 3.601
Pressure testing above these limits is
not recommended as it can reduce the
maximum life of the system.
Pressure testing of DURAFLO ABS
buried pipelines shall be in accordance
with AS 2566 Buried flexible pipelines.

16 DURAFLO ABS PIPE & FITTINGS

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DURAFLO ABS PIPE & FITTINGS
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INDUSTRIAL
PIPE SYSTEMS

PROJECT OFFICE
SYDNEY
P: 02 9794 3440
F: 02 9794 3499
E: [email protected]

CUSTOMER CENTRES
TOWNSVILLE SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND NEWCASTLE SYDNEY
P: 07 4725 5940 P: 07 5589 4400 P: 02 4914 0700 P: 02 9794 3440
F: 07 4725 4995 F: 07 5534 7079 F: 02 4966 8776 F: 02 9794 3499
E: [email protected] E: [email protected] E: [email protected] E: [email protected]

MELBOURNE ADELAIDE PERTH DARWIN

P: 03 9309 9133 P: 08 8340 3411 P: 08 9346 8500 P: 08 8935 3300
F: 03 9309 6237 F: 08 8340 3422 F: 08 9346 8501 F: 08 8947 3981
E: [email protected] E: [email protected] E: [email protected] E: [email protected]

VIADUX PTY LTD PO BOX 141 FAIRFIELD, NEW SOUTH WALES 1860 AUSTRALIA / VIADUX.COM.AU / PHONE 1300VIADUX
All Viadux trademarks and logos are owned by Viadux Pty. Ltd. All other brand or product manes are trademarks or registered marks
of their respective owners. Because we are continuously improving our products and services, Viadux reserves the right to change
specifications without prior notice.