Vol 1 – Test 1 – Passage 3

No Answer Where it is located

27 C Talent can be defined as something that originates in genetic
structures and that is identifiable by trained people who can
recognize its existence before a person has achieved
exceptional levels of performance. The emphasis on early
identification means that to investigate it, we study the
development of skills in children.

28 C Gottfried Schlaug at Harvard collected brain scans of

individuals with absolute pitch* (AP) and showed that a
region in the brain called the planum temporale is larger in
these people than in others. This suggests that the planum is
involved in AP, but it's not clear if it starts out larger in
people who eventually acquire AP, or if the acquisition of
AP makes the planum increase in size.

29 A Results of research into the areas of the brain involved in

skilled motor movement are more conclusive. Studies of
violin players have shown that the region of the brain
responsible for controlling the movement of the left hand
(the hand that requires greater precision in violin playing)
increases in size as a result of practice. We do not know
yet if the propensity for increase pre-exists in some peopled
not others.

30 A Like experts in mathematics, chess, or sports, experts in

music require lengthy periods of instruction and practice. In
several studies, the very best music students were found to
have practiced more than twice as much as the others. In
another study, students were secretly divided into two
groups based on teachers' perceptions of their talent. Several
years later, it was found that the students who achieved the
highest performance ratings had practiced the most,
irrespective of which talent group they had been assigned
to suggesting that practice does not merely correlate with
achievement, but causes it.

31 Not Anders Ericsson, at Florida State University, approaches

given the topic of musical expertise as a general problem in
cognitive psychology.
32 Yes that we can learn about musical expertise by studying expert
chess players, athletes, artists, mathematicians, as well as
the musicians themselves. The emerging picture from such

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 studies is that ten thousand hours of practice is required
to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a
world-class expert - in anything. In study after study, of
composers, ice skaters, concert pianists, chess players
and master criminals, this number comes up again and
again. Someone would do this amount of practice if they
practiced, for example, roughly 20 hours a week for ten
years...

33 Not Someone would do this amount of practice if they practiced,

given for example, roughly 20 hours a week for ten years. Of
course, this does not address why some people do not seem
to get anywhere when they practice, and why some people
get more out of their practice sessions than others.
34 No Of course, this does not address why some people do not
seem to get anywhere when they practice, and why some
people get more out of their practice sessions than others.
35 No The emerging picture from such studies is that ten thousand
hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery
associated with being a world-class expert - in anything…
But no-one has yet found a case in which true world-class
expertise was accomplished in less time
36 Yes is consistent with what we know about how the brain
learns. Learning requires the assimilation and consolidation
of information in neural tissue. The more experiences we
have with something, the stronger the memory/learning trace
for that experience becomes. Although people differ in how
long it takes them to consolidate information neutrally, it
remains true that increased practice leads to a greater
number of neural traces, which create stronger memory
representation.

37 E And Mozart had an expert teacher in his father, who was

renowned as a teacher of musicians all over Europe. We do
not know how much Mozart practiced, but if he started at
age two and wo
38 D The classic rebuttal to this theory goes something like this:
39 A What about Mozart? I hear that he composed his first
symphony at the age of four! First, there is a factual error
here: Mozart did not write it until he was eight. Still, this is
unusual, to say the least. However, this early work received
little acclaim and was not performed very often…

40 G We do not know how much Mozart practiced, but if he

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 started at age two and worked thirty-two hours a week (quite
possible, given that his father was a stern taskmaster) he
would have made his ten thousand hours by the time he
composed his first symphony. This does not mean that there
are no genetic factors involved in Mozart's greatness, but
that inborn traits may not be the only cause.

Group: Original exams – dự đoán đề thi IELTS 2023