PS Core Overview
Mustafa Golam
Training Schedule
PS Core / EPC - Competence Development Training - 2017
#Week Day Date Duration Time Subject / Topics Basic/Advance
WK-01 Fri 14th July, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 Packet Core Network Basics Basic
WK-02 Fri 21st July, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 Serving GPRS Support Node - SGSN Basic
WK-03 Fri 28th July, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 Gateway GPRS Support Node Basic
WK-04 Fri 4th Aug, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 Gateway GPRS Support Node - Part 02 Advance
WK-05 Fri 11th Aug, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 Gateway GPRS Support Node - Part 03 - PISC Advance
WK-06 Fri 18th Aug, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 IPWorks Advance
WK-07 Fri 25th Aug, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 SAPC Part 01 Basic
WK-08 Fri 1st Sep, 2017 1 Hour 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 SAPC Par 02 Advance
WK-09 Fri 1st Sep, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 PS Core Course - Exam
WK-10 Fri 8th Sep, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 Introduction To LTE EPC Network - Part 01 Basic
WK-11 Fri 15th Sep, 2017 2 Hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 Introduction To LTE EPC Network - Part 02 Advance
WK-12 Fri 22nd Sep, 2017 1 Hour 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 Introduction To LTE EPC Network - Part 03 Advance
WK-13 Fri 29th Sep, 217 1 hours 11:00-13:00 GMT+3 Course Exam
Basic GPRS Network Architecture
RAN node B RNC
Iu
MAP
BTS BSC MSC/VLR HLR
Gr (MAP)
Gb Gs IP
Network
Gn Gi (IP)
SGSN GGSN
Gp Gp
Inter PLMN Backbone
Network
IP
MS
Extended Logical Network Architecture
MSC HLR OSS PCRF
Gs Gr Gom
GSM
Um Abis Gb Gn
MS BTS BSC SGSN GGSN
Gi
Gn
WCDMA Gn ISP
Gn
Gi
Um Iub Iu Gn
MS NODE-B RNC SGSN GGSN
Corporate
Ge Gd
LAN
SCP/Camel SMS
Functional view on GPRS
BTS BSC Packet
Um network
PSTN
R/S
MSC
SMS-GMSC
Gb HLR/AuC
Gs Gr Gd
Gr Gd
Serving GPRS Packet Corporate 1
Support Node Gs SS7
network
(SGSN) Gn Network Server
EIR
Border GPRS
Gateway (BG) Intra-PLMN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP-F
Packet
Inter-PLMN backbone
network
Backbone network Router
Local
network Gp (IP based) Gateway GPRS Firewall area
Support Node Data
Packet
Firewall Point-To- network
(GGSN) network
network
Multipoint Gn (Internet)
Service Gi.IP
Corporate 2
Center Server
(PTM SC) Gi.X.25
Data
Packet
Firewall
network
network
(X.25)
Router
Local
area
network
Protocol Level Logical Network Architecture
SGSN - Functionality
SGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node
SGSN handles the communication with MSs and the establishment of the connection
between an MS and the PDN. Mobility Management
• Routing Area Update (Location Registration)
• Location Update for CS
Functionalities at a glance: • Attach / Detach
• P-TMSI allocation / reallocation
• Authentication
•Serves MSs in SGSN area • Paging (PS & CS)
•Mobility Management functions, e.g
•Update Location, Attach, Paging,..
•Security and access control:
•Authentication, Cipher setting, IMEI Check...
•Routing / Traffic-Management
•Collecting charging data
•Realises Interfaces: Gn, Gb, Gd, Gp, Gr, Gs, Gf Ericsson MKVI
Huawei SGSN
•Controls subscribers in its service area (SLR)
Session Management
•Lawful Interception
• PDP context activation
• PDP context modification
• PDP context cancellation
GGSN - Functionality
GGSN– Gateway GPRS Support Node
SGSN handles the communication with MSs and the establishment of the
connection between an MS and the PDN.
Functionalities at a glance:
•Acts as an interface and a router to external networks
•It contains routing information for GPRS mobiles... M120 GGSN
•Tunnel packets through the IP based internal backbone
•Collects charging data
•Packet filter for incoming traffic
•Packet inspection
•Gateway with online charging system UGW9811 PGW
Session Management
• PDP context activation
• PDP context modification
• PDP context cancellation
DNS - Functionality
DNS– Domain Name System
DNS interface with SGSN to perform some very important functionality
Functionalities at a glance:
•Resolve the APN to a GGSN IP in the PDP active procedure
•Resolve the RAI to a SGSN IP in the inter-SGSN RAU procedure
•Resolve the RNCID to a SGSN IP in the relocation procedure (UMTS)
IPWorks DNS on SUN HW
PCRF – Functionality
PCRF– Policy and Charging Rule Function
PCRF is a Policy Server. It provides Centralized Policy Management
according to the 3GPP Policy and Charging Architecture
Functionalities at a glance:
•Service Authorization
•Redirection
•Bandwidth Management
•Service Based Routing
•Content Filtering
H// UPCC PCRF E// SAPC
•Charging
•Control based on usage
Other Elements - Functionality
BGW– Border Gateway
Not defined within GPRS Network
Functionalities at a glance:
•Routes packets from SGSN/GGSN of one operator to a
SGSN/GGSN of another operator.
CGW– Charging Gateway
Not defined within GPRS Network
Functionalities at a glance:
•Collects charging information from SGSNs and GGSNs
GPRS Attach
•When a MS is turned on, the first function it performs is a GPRS attach
•GSM access authentication (towards Home Network, HLR
(Authentication Center - AuC))
•User profile is downloaded from HLR to the serving SGSN
•When the GPRS attach is complete, the MS is physically connected to the
visited network
Attach Procedure
New HLR old
MS BSS New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN EIR MSC/VLR
1.Attach Request
MSC/VLR
2. Identification Request
3. Identification Response
3. Identity Request
3. Identity Response
4. Authentication
5. IMEI check
6a. Update Location
6b. Cancel Location
6c. Cancel Location ACK
6d. Insert Subscriber Data
6d. Insert Subscriber Data ACK
6e. Update Location ACK 7c.
7a. Location Update Request Cancel
7b. Update Location
Location
7d.ACK
7e. Insert Subscriber data
7f. Insert Subscriber data ACK
8. Attach Accept 7b. Update Location ACK
7h. Location Update Accept
9. Attach Complete 10. TMSI Reallocation complete
The Packet Data Protocol (PDP) Context
•In order to be able to send and receive data, the mobile must set-up a
packet data bearer
•The PDP bearer is associated with contexts in each nodes that data are
traversing.
•The bearer is set-up via “PDP context activation” procedures
•PDP context describes requirements of the connection to the packet
networks: Type, network address, Access Point Name (APN), QoS, etc.
•SGSN validates request against subscription information downloaded
from HLR during GPRS Attach
•Access point name sent to DNS, IP address(s) of suitable GGSNs
returned
•Logical connection using GPRS tunnels (GTP) between SGSN and GGSN
•IP address allocated (GGSN pool, DHCP, RADIUS)
PDP Context Activation
Mobile Address Allocation
GGSN Address Pools
Static, dynamic allocation at GPRS packet data activation
HLR
The HLR may keep a static IP address that is fetched by the SGSN at
GPRS attach
RADIUS
The GGSN may interact with an external AAA server in order to perform
AAA functions as well as dynamic IP address allocation at GPRS packet
data activation
DHCP server
The GGSN may interact with an
external DHCP server to perform
dynamic IP address allocation at
GPRS packet data activation
PLMN Roaming
HPLMN
DNS
ISP
SGSN GGSN
APN available in Home PLMN only
VPLMN
UPLMN
DNS
MS SGSN
GGSN GGSN
GGSN
Roaming Billing
• TAP - Records (Transferred Account Procedure)
– Existing methods of TAP exchanges shall be used
– TAP File Spec 3 required - GPRS enhancements like: data
volume, IP address, APN, etc.
• Different concepts to existing TAP Record Procedures
– Partial Records Generated + Data volume counts
– CDRs from HGGSN and VSGSN - different records from
different networks for the same connection.
2G Mobility State Transition
IDLE IDLE
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach GPRS Detach GPRS Attach or
Cancel Location
READY Implicit Detach READY
or
Cancel Location
READY timer expiry
READY timer expiry or
or PDU transmission PDU reception
Force to STANDBY
Force to STANDBY or
Abnormal RLC condition
STANDBY STANDBY
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN
3G Mobility State Transition
PMM- PMM-
DETACHED DETACHED
Detach, Detach,
PS Detach PS Attach Reject, PS Detach PS Attach Reject,
PS Attach RAU Reject PS Attach RAU Reject
PS Signalling PS Signalling
Connection Release PMM- Connection Release PMM-
PMM-IDLE CONNECTED PMM-IDLE
CONNECTED
SM-ACTIVE or SM-ACTIVE or SM-ACTIVE or SM-ACTIVE or
INACTIVE PS Signalling INACTIVE INACTIVE PS Signalling INACTIVE
Connection Establish Connection Establish
Serving RNC
relocation
MS MM States 3G-SGSN MM States
Routing Area Update Procedure
SGSN Gn SGSN
Inter SGSN -RAU
RAI 1 RAI 2 RAI 3 RAI 4
cell
Intra SGSN-RAU
MS
Paging for GPRS (2G)
MS BSS SGSN
1. PDP PDU
STANDBY 2. Paging Request
3. GPRS Paging Request
(IMSI, P-TMSI,
Area, Channel
4. Any LLC Frame
Needed, QoS,
(Receive Ready or 5. Any LLC Frame DRX
Information frame) Parameters)
READY
Paging Initiated By PCN (3G)
› PS Paging Initiated by 3G-SGSN without RRC Connection for CS
MS RNC MSC/VLR
3G-SGSN
1. PDP PDU or
PMM IDLE Downlink signaling
2. Paging
3. Paging Type1 (PCH paging)
(IMSI, P-TMSI,
4. Service Request Area, CN
4. Service Request
Domain
Indicator, DRX
PMM parameters)
CONNECTED
Learning what is EPC?
EPC- Evolved Packet Core
Current system-3G is moving to LTE gradually. According to this new
system, every network system will be in process of change.
Core Network will be changed in EPC which stands for Evolved Packet
Core. It’s called SAE (system architecture evolution) too.
EPC consists of MME, S-GW, P-GW.
Here,
- MME (Mobility Management Entity)
---> for bearer control
- S-GW (Serving Gateway)
---> for routing and transfer user packet
- P-GW (Packet Gateway)
---> for carrying User packet
LTE/EPC architecture
Let’s compare current system with EPCs!! * Red Character: Interface
LTE
3G HLR/HSS V-PLMN
P-GW S8
S5 S-GW
GGSN S-GW
S6a S11
S10
SGSN S1-U
MME Direct Tunnel ??
U-plane means
S1-C - U-plane is connected between
P-GW and eNodeB directly.
RNC Merit:
C-plane - Speed up the wireless part.
enode b
- Simplify the Dimensioning and
Decrease the delay
X2
Node b/ hspa
Network Evolution
3GPP Rel-99 3GPP Rel-7 3GPP Rel-8
EPS
PDN PDN PDN
P+S-GW
GGSN
GGSN GGSN EPC
User plane
SGSN
SGSN essentially SGSN MME
outside SGSN!
User plane traffic
RNC through all nodes
RNC User plane directly
between RAN and
GW!
LTE
NodeB NodeB eNodeB
2000 2007 2008/09
EPC Attach Procedure
UE eNodeB MME HSS SGW PGW PCRF
NAS: Security Mode Complete
S1AP: Uplink NAS Transport
Dia: Update Location (MME ID, IMSI)
Dia: Update Location Answer (APN, QoS, Charging attribution)
GTPCv2: Create Session Request (MME F-TEID(S11), PGW IP address (S5-C),
PDN type, IMSI, bearer QoS, EBI)
GTPCv2: Create Session Request (MME F-TEID(S11), PGW IP address
(S5-C), PDN type, IMSI, bearer QoS, EBI)
Dia: Control Credit Request
(Initial Request, APN, IMSI, QCI&ARP, APN-AMBR)
GTPCv2: Create Session Response
(cause, SGW F-TEID(S11, S1-U), UE IP address, GTPCv2: Create Dia: Control Credit Answer
Bearer QoS, PDN F-TEI D(S5-C, S5-U), EBI ) Session Response (Initial Request, QCI&ARP, APN-MBR, Event-
(Cause, PGW F- Trigger)
TEID(S5-C, S5-U),
NAS: Attach Accept
UE-IP address, Bearer
S1AP: Initial Context Setup Request
QoS, EBI)
NAS: Attach Accept
S1AP: Initial Context Setup Response
NAS: Attach Complete
NAS: Attach Complete
S1AP: Uplink NAS Transport
GTPCv2: Modify Bearer Request
GTPCv2: Modify Bearer Response
EPC Traffic Cases
Internet
2G/3G/EPS Interworking EPC Evolved
Packet
Core SGi
GGSN PDN GW
MME (P-GW)
S3
GPRS Packet Core
S11
Gn S5/S8
Serving GW
SGSN (S-GW)
S4
Gb Iu
GERAN UTRAN
S1-CP S1-UP
RNC RNC
BSC
Iur
Abis Iub Iub LTE
eUTRAN
X2 X2
2G 3G
Automation
Managing CDR directory usage by GGSN cronjob
GGSN CDR was piling up in the system because after successfully copying the CDRs mediation moved the CDR file from
default location to GGSN /var/log/CDR_collected. To maintain safe disk usage an automated procedure was required.
So a script was prepared to handle this requirement.
The Script
#!/bin/sh
#################################################################
# SCRIPT: remove_old_GGSN_CDR_v0.sh #
# PURPOSE: Remove old CDRs from CDR path in GGSN #
# Author: Mustafa Golam #
#################################################################
now="$(date)"
hostn="$(hostname)"
echo "starting deletion of CDR backlog $now for GGSN $hostn" >>/var/log/CDR_Deleteion_Log
cd /var/log/CDR_collected
wd="$(pwd)"
echo "Current Directory $wd" >> /var/log/CDR_Deleteion_Log
#verification
countlines="$(ls -ltr |wc -l)"
echo "Total CDR files found $countlines" >>/var/log/CDR_Deleteion_Log
#Deletion
/usr/bin/find . -type f -mtime +3 -exec /bin/rm -rf {} \;
echo "Old CDR File Deletion Completed and Remaining CDR Files $countlines" >>/var/log/CDR_Deleteion_Log
When you’re confused
Q??
