UNTT-5

Intenet In Q9aseONctuse
impl net', is
The medimes ca led
netoo9tb pesmssiso,
cany
ny ?ß th,heeyy have
Compu tes.
qe în oma4ion forom any othe
Iodesrne del'ned as Toloma tion
is ioßomaro
Highoay o occes înfosrma ion ove tte
Supee
CwEb.

Fa3Tntene

wobing oItenet
Hou tte Thtenet ac tually wbs ,step-by-step
qven [Link]
)Iofenet AddereslTe Adelem
Beoause the Tn stenet s a qlobal netwok a
Computey each com puteg conneated to the
eSne mus bave qUe addestene
addst eres a e in the Roim x*[Link] X
wheSe mus be a numbet om O-2SS. Th?s
IP Addses

Tote Sine

You Compute Anothe Compute

|92.16&73.234 124)2B. [Link]
TheSee
ae desent ypes ol TP [Link]
Statc IP Addies " Poia te TP Addes
2Dynamie TP Addse
2) Pootca Qocka ond acbe,

Csmmenle

Aplleafon potoca [Link] peeQe

Cayes
TDonmission cortSo cper?lfr
piotocol tayes
a po nunbe.
cperre.
Qayes,
Hasd0ae layeS
compuNe 0srng
ConveS, t b?nae pacbe data Q
aye s netuosb iqna and hock
o

|Appeas4Pon Ppplfcot?on

HadeJae Toteef Ha9dae

Your compue Anothe Com pute
192168.24. |95

Fiqi Protocol Staks and ebe fa

NetoS
So no how pacbefs avel Rom one
Computeto ano the. the Tnogne.
Poblfe
Telephone
Netone
Moden
Modein Posl 19P Po
YouS cnmpte
(9216&. (48-23A

Deccaed
ane
Anotte
Compute S LAN
(24128 lo2s6

Netensing
4) [Link] Jnan:lSrtuse
Tnlene esving the
pnceing ond ebeiten
hnstfoge
Inormaion mabeop applicot?sm,
applic
Qnd
(NAP)

sr([Link]) NSP(ie
NSP(i.e., 00 Ne ) NS P(ie. P9T Not)

ogfonal lscegiona Bregional Segional

Local Local
1SP

Fiqi- ndenet InQasuoe

o9 ks bu usfng a pacbet Sooting
IoteSne
and T9anspo Contool Poiotooo(TeP)
TCP and Ip wosi oqe tte o
data A9o miseron the
cosisstent ond Sie iable
device ae aDe

when data e tanseed ove he ote Srne

,? s deiveSed mersage and pchets
These megiges ond pa cbes Aave oom
Souce to he nent "[Link] Potacol
(TP) and Tsanspot Caoa [Link] co (TeP).
numefeal addies (Ie Addres) the
TP S e m Sieceives Qushe Pas ue tPor on
boew tko dota chol d
?,The T a e Conlool Poo oeol (Tee)
da la depend able
and Seliable.
 Bowse send Sesver ptovTde
Srequet to sesve
Shesponse
Tàbet
the Siequest
Pe Se ve
Devices Sesv

Loptop OpteoQ
4?bes

Route9
Poute

opfcal ?be
able
Modem
Routes
Ttenet
P9ovide
ge Svice
Teeop4Teo ebe
Cable
Figi- hahing ol Tntenet
de ioe s onn e to t e
ed
modem o StoDute, oqe hes thee
devie e to onneat to ohe netwo
the enabQes
Ultfpe coputes tato fofn
join tthe
e same netusk
sh?e a modem Connecte to 13PIntene
Seswee fSode) whfeh piovides uft eîthes,
Qable o9 De L ote net.
Ssep 2: Type fn a web addess, a

(Unilom PesouSce Loaato).Eaoh webite has ? s

URL dtha siqna o o you tgP wheoie
you
Unique
g
pushed to
Step 38 You que sySeveal se ve which sfoe
ond send daa be NAP eSve (Ne o k
Aceers Poteoon) and a DNS (Domain Name Seve).
ses
N e ) you bto0ges ooks up the TP addgers
Aothe domH name you typed în to yous seaoh
engine thSiough ONS. DNS then alae
sthe ten~based doan name

borosefoto the nu mbe bosed TP addes.

become 64:223. 141.2SS
 You9 boiowse en a Hypes Tent
Sde p 4:
Tansae Porotocol (HTTP) Srequeso t eshe
taget seve fo Send a
to he clie
Steps The seSve then oppoves
Send mescage
Ucing
eques ond
you conputes,
eoPdroe(Te.
hen )the Seve
sendyebete QRle
Send
the bowSeg fo e Qo s da a pachets.
you biowse eyem bIes he data
Step 6? s
pache s,he we b atsing you
bs?isteQoads
lea Sn, shop bowse ,and engage:
u Step: Enpy ou seach esels
D'leten Jo tenetInloasve tuse
1) 0ial-p Intesinet Aceeni because dota
Dial analogue connec on
Ps an arnadogue pobl?c sotehed telephone
is cen oveS an ana log,
newok.
3)Trteg oted Sesices Diqi tad Netook (TSDN) ?s
In legSated Sesces digitaN nefeostk o
itenational csmmuneations standaid
Voice , video ond data oveDr
elephone oes o noSnaltele phone wes.
3) road band TR DN (B-ISDN):
89roadband 1DN ÎS sim?la în Qone ion t IsoN

te Sephone ines , not nosmal tele phone oes.

4) 0iaitalSubsc9ibes Line (DsL):
DSL s equently [Link] to as-an [Link]
Connec tion because ces exising 2 - e
coppeselephone ine connected the pSemise
So sevice is deliveSied simulaneousey
ied telephone selvice.
WQd Lwde eb (wtww) and T fegnet
web îc a psofeot ohh is creoted
C
CO6ld o?de
ms
by Tmothy Betnesg Lee inn 1939,Qo Sreserohess
togb oqe the eofve ly o [Link] is
aytiom
d C o d wde Lweh
med
oganisation, name
3 c).The
ages,web docurments tha you
6 ale the wweb pagen
Can on the InrSne by ceaSahing the?o
Lopa
DiReeence bet een Loldeide Web and

’wo9ldde web s a cegvce wbeeas

w
înastuete
’wold wide web is a supesetohe
she eas he otenet is the
web
’Wosld eorde cwb is a soltae-oiended
Totenet fs bosdwaSee-ofeted.
wheSes he
USe HTTP whesease
’wo,QdPde web
Totenet Uses IP dd erse
’The olenet oan be onsde Qed Liboa
whees
om dPeDen topieg piegent ves PheSie
Can be conufdeeed Wosdetde Leb.
al Totene
Advantag and Dis ad vantages
Socia
Education Netwking Entestai ment
Job
|Ban brg Trtenet
Seae hinq
Thtenet
Mas beting
Secusitl
Gove Snmet Onlloe
Sesvices SeSwfces moie

Fiq 3- ndvanages of Tntene

 peonal
inGosmotn
Spammira

Tte ne

Cybe
ime

Fg3-Disadvanteges o Intesnet

IBasic Secogiy Pooblem3 in Lntenet

eSs qain
’ Hocking , oheSre eunauthafsed
to coiu te sytey,email
webee
(known as
o t a e (known malwae
’V?suses moleîous softoahe ms vblneh
which eon doamage data o mabe s y e

pesonal and einaneia îolotma ion.

SIod?vRduos and o9qanfsa4Pons pto teot
themselves
poacticng Potenet and
secusty.
sebft onhe otene

i i s fmpo stant
poiae
o be awaSe o di Alee
enet
types o nteSnet attacks Common P
cecusiy
1) Phishing
a) Hackingand Remote Accen
3) Molwae and malvetising.
4} Posmuae
s) Botne te
6) Code Tnfecfon

3)Coss cie Seq uest Fogesy (oss Site Scoipa

(xYS) Attack
3) DoM aased x9S
DeQenses and Pneoos Aqain
Recommended Se SveSt x e Do lonees Sosve
b) Peconmmended c0Pent xgs Do Qenses
doI deeot ?0 a webe?-te yolnenahle')
yHo
d) Methods o CseF m? efga on
e) Can cSRE be [Link] tedb îrnplermening egoe
checking9
4) tas a ulneab?liey ?n a man site been
9) wha con
an I do to po teot n e as a use
b)hat cann I do to pSo fec my on appl?catsn
4) Data Bcach
JP- thseats ,n pubic and at home 3
Publie Wi car?es isks be cau ge tte
Secusí n colfee shops ,
y on fhese etwosks in
shopp?ngmales ofspo te ,hotels, eslaante,
and soon ?s olten la
Qae o non-enise.

Man-o -the tddle atach

"Poque of.f? netoobs
footeoon ol Data On O?ne 3
’Enable mulfato authen Aaa Aion.
Use a fiewale.
e
boewge
’Choose you bo caseßully
’(Heate ong pass0ds and use a secue
pas oSd man aqe
-’Keep youst parwo9 ds ponva e
-’ Keep an Up-to-date secUS progamme
-’ înotalled devices
 Email SeooSt e
SErnoi0 E ma?e cos deciqned to be a

open and
pesple to Commwnreae u th eoch othe.
Spam Emals
* Neve ciek ottachmnen
in a spam ema?Q.
Ge [Link] abouf ohee yoo diselace ys oo,
*
emaîe addes
*Most ema?e porovîdes o?lo ß6ee po'vacy
ett ings
* Loob Hto thisd-pasty emofe spam ltes
’NeAob Secoiy
i-? Sroute secty
SKConsideSr
,The bes t
using a VpN3
way to poteet you dafa onane
ohen cosing
tocing [Link] to USe a vibtal
piva to Beo k (vPN), A VPN c e a e s an
Onesypted tonoel be oeen yo and a Seme
9ev ope Sated bå a VPN Se9vPee.
ye Ne stoe secuî ty dn d the
Inteenetoß Thin
The Irntenet oA Thng (ToT) is a tem bsed
b descibe phyical devîces otel sthan
Compute Ss,.pbon es, , and seveSs shfch
Coho ec to
and shae data ibténe t and ean collect
he

’ThteSnet Mobue Se ousty

’Phone Tapping
’ Phone Sooo7
Some Tntene Safety ipg3 Houw to psofeot
yousse onlfne
eoo need in eSne geeuiy
pSotects you nund He altk.
BOock uebca fo tesinet paivay
An adbloe be Can poiotect
ma veSAisng
Tahe ca9e the sho le famfly sh pasrenta
Contoio .
 of PC cleane.
pla tlam poteclon.
* Safe on0Pne ban blog and onlie shoppinq:
Safe online
ban.?te 4pe inclode
Routfng Seoupt?
Pou?
A Sote fs a a pfece of neAk hasdaSe
Sespon?ble osAwading pocke ts to Gheis
desfin subnet ka ond pas
tooby o
Qata pacet beeen them as needed
Routees aasi e Uced în bomes and ofices
Setaing p lsca l nekait connectfons.
nvolves
Such ou ting qenea
ttast
age that avels be en
sending
S e v e l Tntenef cevice psrovide es (ISP)
auto nomoUS Stems (As) beGoe Seaching te
destnatfon.
A Sioutfng is a piocen of selectg path alng
eohich t data can beAanseatd fo
9ouce to he destaion.

Hetwk Netuok Netwoks

Route9t
ComputeA Seompt
Netoo2
Netok4

Tgros oß Rouing
Rout eotegos îesi,
Routing
Routr
" De faul
" Dynamie RoutAd
 Agooe can dd he poo bo ,
odmi?:99otoo

Advantagen
Banderdth
Dsadvan;fhqes
*Thestem adminlatocO, shwd have o
knosedqe oßa opog
the deice
artmission netwoibs have
49ansmit the da ta o lhe same bp device
Advantag es 910ute
The de Qou con [Link] eae a e no
pSe- [Link] Soudes the Onutig Sable
be sed oo panbe Isiq
SeveS.
-p?orewalg
Dsadvantag
The mesle cooplethe nel k ie,the
moge dßicult ?Q CQn bo Se
03e ecienty
9) Oynam?e Prutng Adap?vc
geohnique
Advan
moSe leove lnce.0eo0iog Ahe bes
chongen
 Cnmpaed to deQau.0 4

Coneted
do o.
an unteosland :ohe

lhe Jnlene P8to00(Te) s the porotocoo

one
desc Sfbes how to goute menages 6 m n e t o .
to ano lhe compu 9, onhe
DmpURe
Stet: Send Pacbef to Ssute
S lep 2: Roule Seceiv es a pacbet
3 Rte QaO1ds packe
Step
Step 4 f a l Sou te loraSds mersage
The Moc Co mmon Rouing
A) Routing Tn lomaton Psoocnlo (eIe)3
RIP(RSuting Io Qoima tion tocol) fs aa Qosrce Que
netJok
and wde aaSea
ea ne oo k.
) Sndeio Gote uony Roo fing Pootoo ol (rGRe):
TR vged by SiouA oetcha nge oo fing
an ehdepend ant ytem.
3) Open Shoest Patt 49s(osP):
Open Sho est Pat cisuy ( ospr) ?s an aotTve
poocol ed fo
4)re SRos, Goteoay Psntoenl (EGP):
?oleSne
The ab,olule 9iou9ihg
p
s) Bo9de Goafe eay Potorol (8G.e)
The
BGPSobche Addess es ,ana
6) Enhanced Tnteso Gatruny Pouting ntaonl(eTGF)e
 )T mmedoa e Strm o - fmmediote
0f00e (NE)

Se cug l a
Rouing hijocbing
ioc?dent.

NS Revisited
te ?s the phonehosb
Doman Name Syotem (DNe) is
The inte sp
InteneHumo ?o.9rn ion onOino
Accer
domoio ny m [Link]
Web bowse Sus înle9& ct thqh
Inte Sinet [Link].0 l I ) addSeenDNS Asorsa les
(IP)
) domafo names o Ie addgeses
an oad IneneA 9esouces. The
meos corsides(a cfuatfon o9 p9obe m) again.
3 DNS Roo Name Se vel
ses vels aSie he sevey at he
Poot name
root ol t e Domain Name Sntem (sNg)
hiesaehy
S10o200e containy 3
qenesc toplevel domaiy
COUntry code bp level donaim
DNS Cache 3
A Dn
Sres olver
Cache (somethÉng called a DNSmaintained
temposay database , by
9 cache ) ís a stemthat con fafns
2o computers ope Sa lf
ve?s and atempted
Siecs Srdo ol a.0.Q the Seren vicfts doman
otteo, foteg,ne
Nis to oe bsites and

when
ectfvi
cache poisoning
onb Qems, a com pulea
9 ad minîs tsa tos may wtH to floch a DNS cace.
 e v e Ds
îvolved ?n oading
heee ae 4 DNS

boebpage?
)Poo name geve
(m)TLD namese
)Authofa 4ve nome se9ve

DNS eDlo în which on ottaceS,

DNS AAIaok s an volneab?AAPes in the
vantage ol m(pNS)
take ad vandage
doma?o nom yte
8Asdocbes
Req ve Fake we s i o
Sresolves to
Tnfects tabe fake ebate

>
8 WWw
Tssue
CAient Seqvest Real webee

webcfe
Figß-DNS Atfack
o ONS
HeSe aSe some o the Aechniques wsed
attacky
) DNS Tunnen
2) DNS Amp?ea
3) DNS FQood Atack
4) oNs Spoo g
S NX DOMA IN Atack
DNS A4tack Poevenioo3
* Use dita siqnatuges and eeSfQTeo tes o
autenoa seio in oSideS fo poteot
psva e data.
Irata Qe appoopSate pa tehes and in favlty
Sregolaoly:
R b Sedundant queies Po odog, too pievet
spopina
e LÝm?t the numbe Sr of possible quees.
 DNS esolveS Povae and Pooteoted

* SecveSy manage youoNs seSves,

cache

IoteneSecot
posfisnig
Weakn emes o
Commnn ccce97,fy cweabneses
leve0
-sUnsccoed higk
nlo09ba
commoní ea{sn channe
UgecUSed

y
Loct oß
ol montstang
ToT and n u p
Uot ained employees
InteSnet Secu9? te Psotoes (resea)
SecuSe Soc bet layés (ssL)
TnstegSatfon
Lînb laye Connecity and Tep Te
Connec
The go2-11? PsN Seausity specilroa tian defines
the [Link] sevices
"Autentiaion
-Accers Cool
with merage intgy
poRvacy (IPcee)
dae
To peioide secugfty oS, Soo seo., sending
9ro0 nA date aco the pob0ie fn tesne
poouide aufhen0fea-ton o?thout eneyptor
Pbe o autthentroate that tte daa
oSiqinqden om a þnon sende,.
e, ftom,aneosk
or and to
c
gecue
Pofvate (Visoal A
VPN compIes:
A
teee tionconnec enoyped
be
(VPN)R netoo9k p9vate toal is A
pocbet. Sieplayed Refecsforn
o.ß
aton avthen -’
ineg Qes clion Conne
Coool Aecess ’
Sesvices3 IBsec
hieetue Secu9rí
manasement
Key
DOT
4Alqo9tthm
Authentfcatin pfon
Potcs |Psiotoco0
AH
9ecose |Aschi
oeTte9iporetalion
(D5T) Domaîn
mange Key
Ome
Fteade9,
[Link]
0ing
(E 3econy
S)PagQnad
Doconen
 ypes af VeN
19 PpTA VPN
VPN
2) Sle-to Ste
3) L2Te VpN
) IPsec
s) sSL
) MPLS
) Hybsfd veN
Advannges oß VPN 3
) Avofd
Porovides Anony miy
Geo-o t A
9) Poo te ctfon Aom Cubes Attac bs
4) Poeven Band îd th T5otting
s) LmpSoved Gioming Epesnenc

) Heps yoU to save mon

Dsadvantages o VeN 3
J 1) Sbwdo he Intesnet Speed
2) Cost mo9e
3) Device com pat?b?y
4) Pofva ey issues
s Connetfon D oppíngs

Pachet Rute ing FRe

A i e all ook gecuSty yem
tha moni t o s and Contols Pn enm and
Dufgoîng netosb t a a bosed
bosed on
prete sebmined secufty Srules.
Cheswick and BeJovin deine a
Collection o oamponents o a
-fha s placed betuoeen uo n e t o k and
esees the QoQOoing
poss [Link] pospeotfest
 teDs. în
Srouf?otesing packet >BRt-n
fast andoQaicfent
Sioue Need
tilteing Paone ßonly
cbest -Advantages
f?oreual 0tooîn pacbet Stafeol 4)
fisewaQ fiQteing packet telers fa S 3)
f°tesirg pacbe Dynamie 2)
-fioounO fiteing Packet Staic 1)
ing FRgPacket
decaded LayePhyical
Disallowed
thePac
Loye Link Dorta
Netosk
Loye
Pacbet dftesfn allowe Loye9-80 SaspsSt
ig Pacbet Pacbet LoyeSesion
Poesetation
Lae
Laye1Applfeaton
FRSewals FR0e9ing Pacbet 4)
oog Grate
ion-level Appeica 3)
Gralewways Leve CPo,cu?t t)
roea.e3 Ypeso
[Link]
?t
Gec Osca
-the
Owttosed ViceveDSa
defned pas6
inside -om B8'c
and ,de
t
 Disadvan taqes Pacbet tesf ng
baye on IP addes Pos
Infomaon.
Pacbet ?Qfeing is efa leles.
’No gaßet oem spanfing
Nota pebQec opon lo aQ9 etoaba.