LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 10
3rd Quarter
Name: __________________________ Date
________________________
Grade: __________________________
Score:_______________________
Subject Matter
Hormones and the Human Reproductive Systems
Most Essential Learning Skill
Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male
reproductive systems
Knowledge Standard
The Role of Hormones in the Female and Male Reproductive Systems
Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to
regulate various bodily functions, including reproduction. In both males and
females, a complex interplay of hormones orchestrates the development,
function, and maintenance of the reproductive systems.
Female Reproductive System
Key Hormones:
Estrogen: This group of hormones (estradiol, estriol, and estrone) plays a
vital role in the development and maintenance of female sexual
characteristics, including the growth of breasts and the distribution of
body fat. Estrogen also regulates the menstrual cycle, promotes the
growth of the uterine lining during pregnancy, and contributes to overall
reproductive health.
Progesterone: Primarily produced by the ovaries after ovulation,
progesterone prepares the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized
egg. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy and preventing
premature contractions.
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Secreted by the pituitary gland,
FSH stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles, each
containing an egg. It also promotes the production of estrogen.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Also secreted by the pituitary gland, LH
triggers ovulation, the release of a mature egg from the follicle. It also
stimulates the production of progesterone.
Hormonal Regulation:
The female reproductive system is regulated by a feedback loop involving the
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. The hypothalamus releases
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to
release FSH and LH. These hormones act on the ovaries, promoting egg
development and the production of estrogen and progesterone. The rising levels
of these hormones then signal back to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to
regulate the cycle.
Menstrual Cycle:
The menstrual cycle is a complex process involving the coordinated action of
these hormones. FSH stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries, while LH
triggers ovulation. The corpus luteum, formed from the ruptured follicle,
produces progesterone, which prepares the uterus for pregnancy. If fertilization
does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, causing a drop in progesterone
and estrogen levels, leading to menstruation.
Pregnancy:
During pregnancy, the placenta takes over the production of progesterone,
which is essential for maintaining the pregnancy. Other hormones, such as
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), and
relaxin, also play crucial roles in supporting the pregnancy and preparing the
body for childbirth.
Male Reproductive System
Key Hormones:
Testosterone: This is the primary male sex hormone, responsible for the
development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics, including
the growth of facial and body hair, the deepening of the voice, and the
development of muscle mass. Testosterone also plays a crucial role in
sperm production and libido.
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): In males, FSH stimulates the
Sertoli cells in the testes, which support sperm development.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): In males, LH stimulates the Leydig cells in
the testes to produce testosterone.
Figure 1
Hormonal Regulation:
The male reproductive system is also regulated by a feedback loop involving the
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and testes. The hypothalamus releases GnRH,
which stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH. These hormones act
on the testes, promoting sperm production and the production of testosterone.
The rising levels of testosterone then signal back to the hypothalamus and
pituitary gland to regulate the cycle.
Spermatogenesis:
Spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production, is regulated by FSH and
testosterone. FSH acts on Sertoli cells to support sperm development, while
testosterone stimulates the production of sperm cells.
In summary, hormones play essential roles in both the female and male
reproductive systems, orchestrating the development of sexual characteristics,
regulating reproductive cycles, and enabling reproduction. The intricate interplay
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of these hormones ensures the proper functioning of the reproductive systems
and the continuation of life.
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Learning Assessment
Activity 1:
Direction:
Matching Type: Match the hormone in Column A with its function in Column B.
Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.
Column A Column B
1. _____ FSH (Follicle-Stimulating a. Stimulates the development of
Hormone) male secondary sexual
2. _____ LH (Luteinizing Hormone) characteristics.
3. _____ Estrogen b. Triggers ovulation and the
4. _____ Progesterone development of the corpus luteum.
5. _____ Testosterone c. Stimulates the development of
ovarian follicles in females.
d. Prepares the uterine lining for
implantation of a fertilized egg.
e. Promotes the development of
female secondary sexual
characteristics.
Activity 2
Direction:
Identification: Identify the hormone being described in each statement. Write
your answer in the space provided.
1. This hormone is produced by the testes and is responsible for sperm
production. _______________
2. This hormone is produced by the ovaries and plays a crucial role in the
menstrual cycle. _______________
3. This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the Leydig
cells in the testes. _______________
4. This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the growth
and maturation of ovarian follicles. _______________
5. This hormone is produced by the corpus luteum and helps maintain
pregnancy. _______________
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Activity 3
Direction:
Short Answer: Answer the following questions briefly and concisely.
1. Explain the feedback mechanism involved in the regulation of testosterone
production.
2. Describe the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle, specifically
mentioning the hormones involved and the events they trigger.
3. How do FSH and LH contribute to the process of spermatogenesis in
males?
4. What are the main differences in the hormonal control of reproduction
between males and females?
5. Why are hormones essential for the proper functioning of the male and
female reproductive systems?
Activity 4
Direction:
Diagram: Label the parts of the male and female reproductive systems and
indicate where the following hormones are produced:
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
FSH
LH
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Activity 5
Direction:
Critical Thinking:
1. Discuss the potential consequences of hormonal imbalances in both males
and females.
2. Explain how the endocrine system and the reproductive system are
interconnected.
Prepared by: Checked by:
ER Cyn Cajucom MYLHA H. BALTAZAR
Teacher III Master Teacher I
Science
Approved by:
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
MARK JAMES M. VINEGAS
OIC-Master Teacher I
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 10
3rd Quarter
(Enrichment)
Name: __________________________ Date
________________________
Grade: __________________________
Score:_______________________
Subject Matter
Feedback Mechanism
Most Essential Learning Skill
Describe the feedback mechanisms involved in regulating processes in
the female reproductive system (e.g., menstrual cycle)
Knowledge Standard
The female reproductive system, particularly the menstrual cycle, is governed by
intricate feedback mechanisms involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and
ovaries. These feedback loops, both positive and negative, precisely regulate
hormone levels and orchestrate the cyclical changes necessary for reproduction.
Key Players:
Hypothalamus: A region in the brain that produces Gonadotropin-
Releasing Hormone (GnRH).
Pituitary Gland: An endocrine gland that releases Follicle-Stimulating
Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
Ovaries: Female reproductive organs that contain follicles, which house
eggs, and produce estrogen and progesterone.
The Menstrual Cycle and Feedback Loops:
The menstrual cycle can be broadly divided into phases, each influenced by
hormonal fluctuations:
1. Follicular Phase:
o Negative Feedback (Early Follicular Phase): At the beginning
of the cycle, estrogen and progesterone levels are low. This low
level of steroid hormones has a negative feedback effect on the
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hypothalamus and pituitary. It causes the hypothalamus to increase
GnRH release slightly. This GnRH stimulates the pituitary to release
FSH and LH. FSH stimulates the growth and development of several
ovarian follicles, each containing an egg. These developing follicles
begin to produce estrogen.
o Positive Feedback (Late Follicular Phase): As follicles grow and
estrogen levels rise, a switch from negative to positive feedback
occurs. High estrogen levels now stimulate the hypothalamus to
release more GnRH. This surge of GnRH triggers a surge of LH from
the pituitary. The LH surge is crucial as it induces ovulation.
2. Ovulation:
o The LH surge triggers the release of a mature egg from the
dominant follicle (ovulation).
3. Luteal Phase:
o Negative Feedback: After ovulation, the ruptured follicle
transforms into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone
and some estrogen. These hormones, especially progesterone,
prepare the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized egg. The
increased progesterone and estrogen levels exert negative
feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary, suppressing the
release of GnRH, FSH, and LH. This prevents the development of
new follicles during this phase.
4. Menstruation:
o If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates,
causing a rapid drop in progesterone and estrogen levels. The drop
in these hormones removes the negative feedback on the
hypothalamus and pituitary. This allows GnRH release to begin
again, triggering the next cycle. The shedding of the uterine lining
(menstruation) occurs due to the decrease in progesterone and
estrogen.
Summary of Feedback Mechanisms:
Negative Feedback: Primarily regulates hormone levels and prevents
excessive hormone production. It's like a thermostat: when levels are
high, production is turned down. This is the dominant feedback
mechanism throughout most of the cycle.
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Positive Feedback: Amplifies hormonal signals, leading to a specific
event (ovulation). It's like a snowball effect: when levels reach a certain
point, production is turned up significantly. This only occurs briefly during
the late follicular phase.
Importance of Feedback Loops:
These feedback mechanisms are essential for:
Regularity of the Menstrual Cycle: They ensure the cyclical rise and
fall of hormones, leading to predictable menstrual cycles.
Ovulation Timing: The LH surge, triggered by positive feedback,
precisely times ovulation for optimal fertilization.
Uterine Preparation: Progesterone, under negative feedback control,
prepares the uterine lining for potential implantation.
Hormonal Balance: Feedback loops prevent excessive hormone
production and maintain a delicate hormonal balance.
Disruptions in these feedback loops can lead to various reproductive issues,
including irregular periods, anovulation (lack of ovulation), and infertility.
Understanding these intricate mechanisms is crucial for diagnosing and treating
reproductive disorders.
Learning Assessment
Activity 1
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop in the
menstrual cycle?
a) Increased estrogen levels stimulating further estrogen production.
b) High levels of progesterone inhibiting the release of GnRH.
c) LH surge triggering ovulation.
d) FSH stimulating follicle development.
2. What is the primary role of negative feedback in the menstrual cycle?
a) To promote ovulation.
b) To regulate hormone levels and maintain balance.
c) To stimulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
d) To prepare the uterine lining for implantation.
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3. Which hormone exerts a positive feedback effect on LH release just before
ovulation?
a) Progesterone
b) FSH
4. What happens when progesterone levels drop significantly?
a) Ovulation occurs.
b) The uterine lining is shed (menstruation).
c) FSH levels increase.
d) Estrogen levels rise.
Activity 2
Matching Type: Match the hormone with its primary feedback effect.
Column A (Hormone) Column B (Feedback Effect)
1. _____ Estrogen (low levels) a. Negative feedback on FSH release
2. _____ Estrogen (high levels) b. Positive feedback on LH release
3. _____ Progesterone c. Negative feedback on GnRH and LH release
4. _____ Inhibin d. Stimulates GnRH and FSH release
Activity 3
Short Answer: Answer the following questions concisely.
1. Explain the role of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries in the
hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle.
2. Describe the negative feedback loop involving progesterone after
ovulation. Why is this important?
3. Explain the positive feedback loop involving estrogen just before
ovulation. Why is this crucial for successful reproduction?
4. How do changing levels of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone influence
the different phases of the menstrual cycle (follicular, ovulation, luteal)?
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Activity 4
Critical Thinking:
1. Predict what might happen if the negative feedback loop for progesterone
was disrupted.
2. Explain why both positive and negative feedback mechanisms are
essential for proper functioning of the female reproductive system. Give
specific examples of each.
Prepared by: Checked by:
ER Cyn Cajucom MYLHA H. BALTAZAR
Teacher III Master Teacher I
Science
Approved by:
MARK JAMES M. VINEGAS
OIC-Master Teacher I
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
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