ACTA SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2582-0931)
Volume 3 Issue 8 August 2019
Short Communication
Psychiatric Disorders with Hearing and Speech Impairment in Nepalese Children
Krishna Prasad Pathak1* and Tara Gaire2
1
Assistant Professor, Nepal Open University, Nepal
2
MScN, Innovative Health Science College, Kathmandu
*Corresponding Author: Krishna Prasad Pathak, Assistant Professor, Nepal Open University, Nepal.
Received: June 18, 2019; Published: July 04, 2019
DOI: 10.31080/ASMS.2019.03.0344
Psychiatric is a vast and unique area for research. This is a velopment in children. Both speech and hearing Impairment helps
branch of psychology. The term psychiatric disorders means the to lead the prevalence of psychiatric disorder. This is at risk with
study and treatment of mental illness (Oxford Dictionary). Some children (James M. Baum, 2007). Cant well and backer [3], find
times it is known as a mental health disorders or mental health ill- that due to the speech problem in children they have an increased
nesses. Many causes lead to be psychiatric disorder. The diagnos- prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Likewise, the problem of speech
tic statistical manual (DSM) of mental disorder argue that anxiety, clinicians being faced with sizable numbers of severely and emo-
social mal adjustment, dementia, personality disorders, cognitive tionally distributed children had been extensive speech therapy
disorder, communication disorder, language learning disorder will and educational remediation and they explore that the children
appears as a psychiatric disorder in children. Till now the exact have some abnormal behavior like, Nail biting, truancy from school
cause of psychiatric disorders is not well known. Mental health and problem at home. Normally, the problems feel in two groups;
experts believe that psychiatric disorders result from a combina- 1) The inhibition and the shyness, 2) Hyperactive, aggressive and
tion of genetic or inherited dispositions and a triggering event. It destructive behaviors' [4] and many others abnormal behavior was
may include physical health problems, regular unsuccessful result, found than normal children, including inappropriate facial expres-
stresses of various types in developing stages, environmental fac- sion, gestures problems in coordination, abnormal attention span
tors, and even physical health problems like; hearing and speech etc. (Affolter., et al. 1974). The above noted result was tested with
problem . Richard Hackett [1] finds that the majority of population 30 language deficient children between the age of 3-10 years. Simi-
of children in developing countries adversely affected by this psy- larly, psychiatric disorders remains more prevalent in the speech
chiatric disorder. With them there is close relation in Genetic and and language disordered children than normal speech- disordered
parental influences. So, their behaviors and adjustment of children children [3].
can be affected by a wide range of educational achievements and Psychiatric aspects of hearing impairment
social adjustment. Many scholars argue that the prevalence rate of
Generally, hearing impairment means such a condition that is
psychiatric disorder in developing countries school’s have more
impossible to generalize about the psychiatric consequences of
than 8.3% in Beijing, china, 44% In India and 29% in Sudan (yu-
hearing impairments as a multifaceted condition with medical and
geng., et al. 1989), (sekar., et al. 1983) and (Giel., et al. 1981) [1].
cultural aspects and social aspects. Children with hearing impair-
Psychiatric aspects of speech impairment ment follow many different developmental pathways, something's
up to join the deaf society (peter hindely, st. George, hospital medi-
The sound comes out of mouth is called speech. It is the pro-
cal school London u U.K. Psychiatric aspects of hearing).
cess of communication with each others. When it is no under-
stood by others there is a problem. In human life communicable Hearing impairment has attracted less public concern in de-
and communication ability is very important to the quality of life veloping countries than visual impairment (willson .1985,white.
[2]. Identification and intervention for significant hearing loss and 1988). Ignoring the educational or social disability of hearing im-
speech is necessary for academic success and social emotional de- pairment and easily treatable or preventable causes. All over the
Citation: Krishna Prasad Pathak and Tara Gaire. “Psychiatric Disorders with Hearing and Speech Impairment in Nepalese Children”. Acta Scientific
Medical Sciences 3.8 (2019): 52-54.
Psychiatric Disorders with Hearing and Speech Impairment in Nepalese Children
53
world, deafness having commonest single disability in developing their life. Many problems are hidden with that speech and hearing
countries. It is being an invisible disability in rural areas of devel- impairments. Most of the developing countries could not address
oping places. Without appropriate hearing function no one is able their need in school. Just they will complete their duty successfully
to develop normal speech, which are frequently unable to benefit but they do not know the main impact factor in low result of educa-
from education and social prospects. (Bpinos: Britain Nepal Otol- tion.
ogy services, survey report, 1991).
Nepal is a landlocked and developing country in a south Asia
Many studies show that hearing impairment is unique with having such problem in Nepali children. In Nepal, there is a concept
each child like; pre lingual/post lingual, unilateral or bilateral hear- of kindergarten in private sector. Kindergarten Education in Nepal
ing impairment and furthermore, there is level of hearing impair- is near about similar with Indian and Hong Kong education system.
ment, for example, Mild-20 DBHL, Child-20-40, Moderate 40-60, The kindergarten education system in Nepal runs as a private sec-
Severe 70-90, Profound-91 or greater as well as, there becomes tor and medium of teaching is English except one for Nepali Lan-
the problem with ear (right, left and both). Peter Hindley shows guage. The kindergarten age starts from age of two until they are
that there is no certain term of hearing impairment. It covers such at least 5 years old. The framework of kindergarten in Nepal have
a broad range of conditions that become impossible to general- following grades: Nursery/play Group-2-3yrs old children, Lower
ize about the psychiatric consequences of hearing impairment as kindergarten/LKG-3-4 yrs old children, Upper kindergarten UKG
a unitary situation but hearing impairment can be generalized by 4-5 years old children. Psychologists argue that according to their
medical persons and audiologist, and there remains many causes: developmental phase this age group (kindergarten group) is very
genetic causes, communicable disease, disability, environment, in- important to learn in human developmental age. But the problem
jury medication brain disease etc. to lead the hearing impairment is completely ignoring in Nepal. In Nepal generally children are be-
(Hearing Science Direct Journal, 2000). yond the concern of parents and schoolteacher. Due to less concern
of the parents and schoolteacher they are not able to improve their
Children develop hearing, speech, language, and skills at differ-
disabilities .In this way Nepali children are facing psychiatric prob-
ent ages. However, hearing loss can lead to be delay in their abilities
lems such as phobias, change in appetites, loss of interest in activi-
to make proper learn to speak, sounds, and communicate with each
ties, recurring thoughts of death or suicide, loss of energy, helpless,
others. Many studies show that hearing impaired children have
fatigue. Low self-stem, depression anxiety, conduct disorder, deficit
many problems in their developmental aspects, social aspects; edu-
disorder etc. Mainly in developing countries hearing and speech
cational aspects. The reality is that mothers are the first school in
problem is less concern than visual impairment (willson, 1985,
their developmental periods. In this case mother's role play seems
White, 1988). Many scholars show that the suffered numbers of
a vital and second role in school by the school teachers for their
children is greater in developing countries than in developed coun-
further life. Hearing impairment was predominantly described as
tries.
having behavior disorder and then a relative lack of psychiatric
disorder. Neither they can express their feelings nor improve their By this, the conclusion can be drawn that Nepali children are
ability to speak with other. So, it is needed to study in this field. also the part of that numbers. But till date, no research can be found
Although, there are very few studies on psychiatric assessment of that were conducted on the issues psychiatric disorders with hear-
deaf children (Jankins and chess, 1991, kennedy, 1942). Accord- ing and speech impairments in Nepali children.
ing to Hindley findings the psychiatric disorder was very high in
So, now a day it is having to compulsory to check the hearing
school. But there were differences between the hearing impaired
and speech impairments and any developmental disorders in the
unit and deaf school groups on the self-image and schools.
first entry time of school, when a pupil becomes enroll. It helps to
What is the problem? the parents and school teachers to find out the difficulties in learn-
Unless the appropriate findings will not identified, children’s ing earlier (Ohio Department of Health, hearing screening require-
developments aspects, social aspects, mental aspects educational ments and guidelines for school-aged children, 2007). So, today's
achievements wouldn’t be sound. So, for children should be spe- children are future's pillar of nation. Therefore to address the is-
cific policy in school and at home to immerge their potentialities in sues of Psychiatric Disorders in Children with Hearing and Speech
Citation: Krishna Prasad Pathak and Tara Gaire. “Psychiatric Disorders with Hearing and Speech Impairment in Nepalese Children”. Acta Scientific
Medical Sciences 3.8 (2019): 52-54.
Psychiatric Disorders with Hearing and Speech Impairment in Nepalese Children
54
Impairment in Nepal a large scale of study is needed to find out the 12. Okalidou A and Kampanaros M. “Teacher perceptions of com-
psychiatric disorders and proper solution with hearing and speech municative impairment at screening stage in pre-school chil-
dren living in Patras, Greece”. International Journal of Commu-
impairments of Nepali children [5-16].
nication Disorders 36.2 (2001): 489-502.
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Volume 3 Issue 8 August 2019
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Citation: Krishna Prasad Pathak and Tara Gaire. “Psychiatric Disorders with Hearing and Speech Impairment in Nepalese Children”. Acta Scientific
Medical Sciences 3.8 (2019): 52-54.
