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Lesson 2 - Polarity of Molecule

The document discusses the concept of molecular polarity, explaining the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules based on the distribution of electrons and electronegativity. It highlights the octet rule and how electronegativity differences determine bond types, with specific ranges for nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds. Additionally, it notes that the shape of molecules can influence their overall polarity, independent of the types of bonds present.

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Shaira Nicole Manlapaz
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21 views37 pages

Lesson 2 - Polarity of Molecule

The document discusses the concept of molecular polarity, explaining the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules based on the distribution of electrons and electronegativity. It highlights the octet rule and how electronegativity differences determine bond types, with specific ranges for nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds. Additionally, it notes that the shape of molecules can influence their overall polarity, independent of the types of bonds present.

Uploaded by

Shaira Nicole Manlapaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

POLARITY OF

MOLECULES
POLARITY
Equal or unequal
sharing of electrons
among the atoms of a
molecule
POLAR NON POLAR

Water Oil
POLAR
MOLECULE
there is unequal or
asymmetrical distribution of
electrons among the atoms
of a molecule.
H2O
MOLECULAR
STRUCTURE
OF
HYDROGEN
OCTET RULE
states that atoms tend to
gain, share or transfer
electrons in order to attain a
stable 8 valence electron
configuration.
OXYGEN HYDROGEN

Hydrogen needs 1
Oxygen needs 2 more more electron to
electron to become stable become stable.
H H
O
H 2O
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
relative ability of an atom
to draw electrons in a
bond towards itself.
Oxygen is more
electronegative
than Hydrogen
Tug-of-War

shared electron pair is attracted more


strongly toward the negative atom making
them unequal or assymetrical.
NONPOLAR MOLECULE
there is equal or
symmetrical distribution
of electrons among the
atoms in a molecule.
OXYGEN GAS
No partial charge
No dipole moment

02
Equal ability to
0 0 attract
DETERMINING POLARITY BASED ON
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
BOND RANGE
ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE BOND TYPE

0-0.4 NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND

0.5-2.0 POLAR COVALENT BOND

2.1 ABOVE (BETWEEN METALS AND


IONIC
NONMETALS)
2.1 3.5 2.1

H O H
2.1 3.5 2.1

H O H

3.5 - 2.1 = 1.4


The greater the electronegativity
difference, the greater the
polarity of the molecule
3.5 3.5 Oxygen Gas

O O O2
3.5 3.5 Oxygen Gas

O O O2
Electronegativity
Difference

3.5 - 3.5 = 0
The polarity of the molecules do
not depend solely on the type of
of bond present but also on the
shape of the molecules.
There are molecules who are
polar in bond but nonpolar in
shape of the molecule.
POLAR BOND

Electronegativity Difference
3.5-2.5 = 1.0

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