Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Lesson 2
Solving Quantities Involving
Parallelograms

Table of Contents

Learning Competency 2
Learning Objectives 2
Suggested Time Frame 2
Essential Questions 3
Prerequisite Skills and Topics 3
Lesson Proper 4
- A. Introduction 4
- B. Discussion 6
- C. Practice and Feedback 14
Performance Assessment 26
Synthesis 35
Bibliography 35

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Unit 6 | Parallelograms
Lesson 2: Solving Quantities Involving
Parallelograms

Learning Competency

The learner uses properties to find measures of angles, sides and other quantities involving
parallelograms [M9GE-IIIb-1].

Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

• accurately determine the different properties of parallelograms;
• correctly apply the properties of parallelograms in solving for the measure of the
sides and angles; and
• correctly solve word problems involving the properties of parallelograms.

Suggested Time Frame

4 hours1

1
Suggested time frame is based on the DepEd calendar for A.Y. 2018-2019 and the curriculum guide for mathematics (August
2016 version).

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Essential Questions

At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to answer the following questions:
• Will there be an instance where the properties of parallelograms cannot be used in
solving for the measure of the sides and angles of a parallelogram?
• How will the properties help in solving word problems involving parallelograms?

Prerequisite Skills and Topics

Skills:
• Solving linear equations in one variable
• Identifying the properties of parallelograms

Topics:
• Math 7 Unit 9: Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable | Lesson 2: Solving
Linear Equations in One Variable
• Math 8 Unit 4: System of Linear Equations | Lesson 4: Solving Systems of Linear
Equations in Two Variables: Elimination
• Math 9 Unit 6: Parallelograms | Lesson 1: Kinds of Parallelograms and Their
Properties

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Lesson Proper

A. Introduction

Suggested Warm-up Activities

Choose from any of the following warm-up activities. These warm-up activities should
either stimulate recall of previous lesson or introduce the lesson and not already used
in the study guide.

Activity 1: Duration: 5 minutes

Trivia Time!
Materials Needed: pen and paper

This activity will help Methodology:

students recall how to solve 1. Present the following activity to the student.
linear equations in one
variable, which is a −𝟒 −𝟔 𝟒 𝟓 𝟏 𝟑
prerequisite skill of the topic
to be discussed.
2. Ask the students the following question: “What is
the common name of Calcium Carbonate?”
3. Instruct the students that to be able to answer the
question, they have to solve for 𝑥 in the following
equations and match the letter to their answers in
the given strips of paper.

A 𝑥 + 1 = −5
E 5𝑥 = 15
M 𝑥 – 1 = 2𝑥 + 3
L 𝑥 = 2𝑥 – 1
B 2𝑥 = 10
R 7– 𝑥 = 3

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Expected Results:
“MARBLE”

Guide Questions:
1. How did you find the activity? Were you able to
answer the trivia?
2. How can linear equations help in solving for the
measure of the sides and angles of a
parallelogram?

Activity 2: Duration: 10 minutes

Draw Me and Discover!
Materials Needed: cartolina, paper, marker

This activity will help Methodology:

students recall the different 1. Divide the students into groups with 4 – 6
properties of a members each.
parallelogram. 2. Ask each group to draw and name a parallelogram
in a piece of paper. Connect the opposite vertices
and name the intersection.
3. Instruct each group to exchange papers with
another group and name the congruent segments,
angles, and triangles based on the different
properties of a parallelogram.
4. Ask a representative of each group to report their
output.

Expected Results:
Sample answer:
Parallelogram 𝐶𝐴𝑅𝑇

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Congruent segments:
𝐶𝑇 ≅ 𝐴𝑅, 𝐶𝐴 ≅ 𝑅𝑇, 𝐶𝑂 ≅ 𝑂𝑅, 𝑇𝑂 ≅ 𝑂𝐴

Congruent angles:
∠𝐶𝑇𝑅 ≅ ∠𝐶𝐴𝑅, ∠𝑇𝐶𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑇𝑅𝐴, ∠𝑅𝑇𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐶𝐴𝑇,
∠𝑇𝑅𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐶𝑅, ∠𝐶𝑇𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑅𝐴𝑇, ∠𝑇𝐶𝑅 ≅ ∠𝐴𝑅𝐶

Congruent triangles:
∆𝐶𝑇𝑅 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐴𝐶, ∆𝐶𝑇𝐴 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐴𝑇

Guide Questions:
1. What are the different properties of a
parallelogram?
2. How were you able to identify the congruent
segments, angles, and triangles?

Teacher’s Notes
A suggested warm-up activity with ICT integration is available in the presentation file
that you can download through this link: http://bit.ly/2RuzhMq

B. Discussion

Suggested Instructional Flow

1. Define and Discover

In this lesson, the following key concept will be discussed:

• Properties of Parallelogram
Property 1: A parallelogram must have a pair of parallel opposite sides.
Property 2: In a parallelogram, any two opposite sides are congruent.
Property 3: In a parallelogram, any two opposite angles are congruent.
Property 4: In a parallelogram, any two consecutive angles are supplementary.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
Property 5: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Property 6: A diagonal of a parallelogram form two congruent triangles.

2. Develop and Demonstrate

The following examples may be used in the discussion.

Teacher’s Notes
Use the Try It! slides of the corresponding presentation file to present the worked
examples. You may also refer to the worked examples provided in the study guide
for varieties.

Example 1: In parallelogram 𝑆𝐶𝐴𝑁, 𝑚∠𝑆 = (4𝑥 + 15)° and

𝑚∠𝐴 = (2𝑥 + 95)°. Solve for 𝑥 and the measures of the
interior angles of the parallelogram.

Solution/Explanation: 1. Identify the property of a parallelogram that must

be used to solve for 𝑥.

We can solve 𝑥 by using Property 3 of a

parallelogram. It states that any two opposite
angles of a parallelogram are congruent. Thus, in
the given parallelogram, we can conclude that
∠𝑆 ≅ ∠𝐴.

Since these angles are congruent, it follows that

their measures are equal. Let us equate their
measures, substitute their corresponding
expressions, and solve for 𝑥.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

𝑚∠𝑆 = 𝑚∠𝐴
4𝑥 + 15 = 2𝑥 + 95
4𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 95 − 15
2𝑥 = 80
𝑥 = 40

2. Substitute the value of 𝑥 to solve for 𝑚∠𝑆 and

𝑚∠𝐴.

Since ∠𝑆 ≅ ∠𝐴, we can expect that their measures

would be equal.

𝑚∠𝑆 = 4𝑥 + 15
= 4(40) + 15
= 160 + 15
= 175°

𝑚∠𝐴 = 2𝑥 + 95
= 2(40) + 95
= 80 + 95
= 175°

3. Solve the measure of the other angles by

identifying another property of parallelogram.

Based on the figure, we can solve for 𝑚∠𝐶 by

utilizing Property 4 of a parallelogram. It states
that any two consecutive angles of a parallelogram
are supplementary. Thus, in the given
parallelogram, we can conclude that ∠𝐶 and ∠𝑆
are supplementary as well as ∠𝐶 and ∠𝐴.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Since these angles are supplementary, then it

follows that the sum of their measures is 180
degrees.

𝑚∠𝑆 + 𝑚∠𝐶 = 180°

𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐶 = 180°

Substitute 𝑚∠𝐴 to solve for 𝑚∠𝐶.

𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐶 = 180°

175° + 𝑚∠𝐶 = 180°
𝑚∠𝐶 = 180° − 175°
𝑚∠𝐶 = 5°

Note that we can also use the same property to

solve for 𝑚∠𝑁. In the given parallelogram, we can
conclude that ∠𝑆 and ∠𝑁 are supplementary as
well as ∠𝐴 and ∠𝑁.

𝑚∠𝑆 + 𝑚∠𝑁 = 180°

𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝑁 = 180°

Substitute 𝑚∠𝐴 to solve for 𝑚∠𝑁.

𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝑁 = 180°

175° + 𝑚∠𝑁 = 180°
𝑚∠𝑁 = 180° − 175°
𝑚∠𝑁 = 5°

Alternative Solution:
We can also solve for 𝑚∠𝑁 by utilizing Property 3
of a parallelogram. Recall that it states that any
two opposite angles of a parallelogram are
congruent. Thus, in the given parallelogram, we
can conclude that ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑁.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Since these angles are congruent, then it follows

that their measures are equal. Hence, 𝑚∠𝑁 = 5°

Therefore, 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎, 𝐦∠𝑺 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓°, 𝐦∠𝑪 = 𝟓°, 𝐦∠𝑨 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓°,

and 𝐦∠𝑵 = 𝟓°.

Example 2: 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is a parallelogram whose diagonals meet at 𝑂. If

𝑃𝑂 = (2𝑥 + 1) units and 𝑂𝑅 = (𝑥 + 13) units, solve for the
measures of ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑂, ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑅, and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑅.

Solution/Explanation: 1. Draw the figure and indicate the measurements.

2. Identify the property of parallelogram that must

be used to solve for 𝑥.

We can solve for 𝑥 by utilizing Property 5 of a

parallelogram. It states that diagonals of a
parallelogram bisect each other. Thus, in the given
parallelogram, we can conclude that ̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝑅 and
𝑃𝑂 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝑆𝑂.
𝑄𝑂 ≅ ̅̅̅̅

Since these segments are congruent, then it

follows that their measures are equal. We can use
this to solve for 𝑥.

𝑃𝑂 = 𝑂𝑅
2𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 + 13
2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 13 − 1
𝑥 = 12

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

3. Substitute the value of 𝑥 to solve for the measures

of ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑂 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑅.

𝑃𝑂 = 2𝑥 + 1
= 2(12) + 1
= 24 + 1
= 25

𝑂𝑅 = 𝑥 + 13
= 12 + 13
= 25

We have verified that ̅̅̅̅

𝑃𝑂 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑅 are congruent.
Therefore, 𝑷𝑶 = 𝟐𝟓 units and 𝑶𝑹 = 𝟐𝟓 units.

4. Use the measures of ̅̅̅̅

𝑃𝑂 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑅 to find the
measure of 𝑃𝑅
̅̅̅̅.

To get the measure of 𝑃𝑅, add the measures of 𝑃𝑂

and 𝑂𝑅.

𝑃𝑅 = 𝑃𝑂 + 𝑂𝑅
= 25 + 25
= 50

Therefore, 𝑷𝑹 = 𝟓𝟎 units.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Example 3: In parallelogram 𝑀𝑁𝑂𝑃, 𝑀𝑁 = (2𝑥 + 3) units,

𝑀𝑃 = (𝑥 + 11) units, and 𝑂𝑃 = (3𝑥 − 11) units. Solve the
perimeter of parallelogram 𝑀𝑁𝑂𝑃.

Solution/Explanation: 1. Draw the figure and indicate the measurement.

2. Identify the property of parallelogram that must

be used to solve for 𝑥.

We can solve for 𝑥 by utilizing Property 2 of a

parallelogram. It states that the opposite sides of a
parallelogram are congruent. Thus, in the given
parallelogram, we can conclude that ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑃𝑂 and
𝑀𝑁 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑂.
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑃

Since these segments are congruent, then it

follows that their measures are equal. Let us use
this to solve for 𝑥.

𝑀𝑁 = 𝑂𝑃
2𝑥 + 3 = 3𝑥 − 11
2𝑥 − 3𝑥 = −11 − 3
−𝑥 = −14
𝑥 = 14

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

3. Substitute the value of 𝑥 to find the measures of

𝑀𝑁 and ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝑃.
𝑀𝑁 = 2𝑥 + 3
= 2(14) + 3
= 28 + 3
= 31

𝑂𝑃 = 3𝑥 − 11
= 3(14) − 11
= 42 − 11
= 31

We have verified that ̅̅̅̅̅

𝑀𝑁 and 𝑂𝑃
̅̅̅̅ are congruent.
Therefore, 𝑴𝑵 = 𝟑𝟏 units and 𝑶𝑷 = 𝟑𝟏 units.

4. Use the value of 𝑥 to solve for the measure of 𝑀𝑃

̅̅̅̅̅
and 𝑁𝑂.
𝑀𝑃 = 𝑥 + 11
= 14 + 11
= 25

Recall that by Property 2 of a parallelogram, we

know that ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑁𝑂 since the opposite sides of a
𝑀𝑃 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
parallelogram are congruent.

Since these segments are congruent, then it

follows that their measures are equal.

𝑁𝑂 = 𝑀𝑃
= 25

Therefore, 𝑴𝑷 = 𝟐𝟓 units and 𝑵𝑶 = 𝟐𝟓 units.

5. Solve for the perimeter of parallelogram 𝑀𝑁𝑂𝑃.

A perimeter is the sum of the measure of the sides

of a closed polygon. Since opposite sides of a

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

parallelogram are congruent, then the perimeter is

twice the sum of adjacent sides.

Perimeter of 𝑀𝑁𝑂𝑃 = 2(𝑀𝑁 + 𝑀𝑃)

= 2(31 + 25)
= 2(56)
= 112

Therefore, the perimeter of parallelogram 𝑀𝑁𝑂𝑃 is

𝟏𝟏𝟐 units.

Web Box

For other discussions and online practice test, you may visit the following webpages:

• “Properties of Parallelograms.” Wyzant. Retrieved 30 May 2019 from

http://bit.ly/2LyQNho.

• “Properties of parallelograms.” Math Planet. Retrieved 30 May 2019 from

http://bit.ly/2XC0MJh.

C. Practice and Feedback

Teacher’s Notes
Use the Let’s Practice! slides of the corresponding presentation file to present the
questions for practice. You may also refer to the Try It Yourself! questions provided in
the study guide for varieties.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
For individual practice
1. Ask the students to answer the following problem items individually using pen and
paper.
2. Give students enough time to answer the problem items.
3. Call a random student to show his or her work on the board afterward.
4. Let the student share how he or she comes up with his or her solution.
5. Inform the student the accuracy of his answer and solution, and in the case when
there is some sort of misconception, lead the student to the right direction to find
the correct answer.

Problem 1: 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram. If 𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑥 − 5)° and

𝑚∠𝐵 = (2𝑥 + 50)°, solve for 𝑚∠𝐴, 𝑚∠𝐵, 𝑚∠𝐶, and 𝑚∠𝐷.

Solution/Explanation: 1. Draw the figure and indicate the measurement.

2. Identify the property of parallelogram that must be

used to solve for 𝑥.

We can solve for 𝑥 by utilizing Property 4 of a

parallelogram. It states that any two consecutive
angles of a parallelogram are supplementary. Thus, in
the given parallelogram, we can conclude that ∠𝐴 and
∠𝐵 are supplementary.

Since these angles are supplementary, then it follows

that the sum of their measures is 180 degrees.

𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐵 = 180°

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Substitute the measures of ∠𝐴 and ∠𝐵 to find 𝑥.

𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐵 = 180°

(𝑥 − 5) + (2𝑥 + 50) = 180
3𝑥 + 45 = 180
3𝑥 = 180 − 45
3𝑥 = 135
𝑥 = 45

3. Substitute the value of 𝑥 to find the measure of ∠𝐴

and ∠𝐵.

𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑥 − 5
= 45 − 5
= 40°

𝑚∠𝐵 = 2𝑥 + 50
= 2(45) + 50
= 90 + 50
= 140°

4. Solve the other angles of the parallelogram.

To find m∠𝐷 and m∠𝐶, we can apply the Property 3 of

a parallelogram that states that any two opposite
angles of a parallelogram are congruent. Thus, in the
given parallelogram, we can conclude that ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐶
and ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐷

Since these angles are congruent, then it follows that

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

their measures are equal.

𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠𝐶
= 40°

𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐷
= 140°

Therefore, 𝒎∠𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎°, 𝒎∠𝑩 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎°, 𝒎∠𝑪 = 𝟒𝟎°, and

𝒎∠𝑫 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎°.

Problem 2: The perimeter of parallelogram 𝐾𝐿𝑀𝑁 is (3𝑥 + 5) units. If

𝐾𝐿 = 18 units and 𝐾𝑁 = (𝑥 − 5) units, solve for 𝐿𝑀.

Solution/Explanation: 1. Draw the figure and indicate the given measurements.

2. Identify the property of parallelogram that must be

used to solve for 𝑥.

We can solve for 𝑥 by utilizing Property 2 of a

parallelogram. It states that the opposite sides of a
parallelogram are congruent. Thus, in the given
parallelogram, we can conclude that ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝐿𝑀 and
𝐾𝑁 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝑁𝑀.
𝐾𝐿 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅

Recall that perimeter is the sum of the measure of the

sides of a closed polygon.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Since opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent,

then the perimeter is twice the sum of adjacent sides.

Perimeter of 𝐾𝐿𝑀𝑁 = 2(𝐾𝐿 + 𝐾𝑁)

3𝑥 + 5 = 2[(18 + (𝑥 − 5)]
3𝑥 + 5 = 2(18 + 𝑥 − 5)
3𝑥 + 5 = 2(13 + 𝑥)
3𝑥 + 5 = 26 + 2𝑥
3𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 26 − 5
𝑥 = 21

3. Substitute the value of 𝑥 to find the length of ̅̅̅̅̅

𝐾𝑁.

𝐾𝑁 = 𝑥 − 5
= 21 − 5
= 16

Therefore, 𝐾𝑁 = 16 units.

4. Solve the measure of 𝐿𝑀

̅̅̅̅ by applying a property of
parallelogram.

Recall that by Property 2 of a parallelogram, we know

that ̅̅̅̅ 𝐾𝑁 since the opposite sides of a
𝐿𝑀 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
parallelogram are congruent.

Since these segments are congruent, then it follows

that their measures are equal.

𝐿𝑀 = 𝐾𝑁
= 16

Therefore, 𝑳𝑴 = 𝟏𝟔 units.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Problem 3: In parallelogram 𝐽𝑂𝐾𝐸, 𝐽𝐾 ⊥ 𝑂𝐸. If 𝐽𝑇 = 5 units and

𝑂𝑇 = 12 units, solve for the area of parallelogram 𝐽𝑂𝐾𝐸.

Solution/Explanation: 1. Draw the figure and indicate the measurement.

2. Identify the property of parallelogram that can be

used to solve for its area.

Recall Property 6 of a parallelogram. It states that a

diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two
congruent triangles. We can see that the diagonal
𝑂𝐸 divides the parallelogram into two congruent
̅̅̅̅̅
triangles ∆𝐽𝑂𝐸 ≅ ∆𝐾𝐸𝑂. If we can solve for the areas
of any of these triangles, we can easily determine the
area of the entire parallelogram.

By applying Property 5 of a parallelogram, we can get

the measures of 𝐸𝑇
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐾𝑇
̅̅̅̅. It states that diagonals of
a parallelogram bisect each other. Thus, in the given
parallelogram, we can conclude that ̅̅̅ 𝐾𝑇 and
𝐽𝑇 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑂𝑇
𝐸𝑇

Since these segments are congruent, then it follows

that their measures are equal.

𝐾𝑇 = 5
𝐸𝑇 = 12

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

The resulting figure would be as follows.

3. Solve for the area of ∆𝐽𝑂𝐸.

Take a look at ∆𝐽𝑂𝐸. We can see that the base is 𝑂𝐸,

and the height is 𝐽𝑇.

To find the measure of 𝑂𝐸, we add the measures of

𝐸𝑇 and 𝑂𝑇.

𝑂𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇 + 𝑂𝑇
= 12 + 12
= 24

Then, the area of ∆𝐽𝑂𝐸 is given by

1
Area of ∆𝐽𝑂𝐸 = (𝑂𝐸)(𝐽𝑇)
2
1
= (24)(5)
2
1
= (120)
2
= 60

4. Solve for the area of the parallelogram 𝐽𝑂𝐾𝐸.

Because ∆𝐽𝑂𝐸 and ∆𝐾𝐸𝑂 are congruent, we can

multiply the area of one triangle by 2 to solve for the
area of parallelogram 𝐽𝑂𝐾𝐸.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Area of 𝐽𝑂𝐾𝐸 = 2 ⋅ Area of ∆𝐽𝑂𝐸

= 2 ⋅ 60
= 120

Therefore, the area of parallelogram 𝐽𝑂𝐾𝐸 is 𝟏𝟐𝟎 square

units.

For group practice

1. Ask the students to form a minimum of 2 groups to a maximum of 5 groups.
2. Each group will answer problem items 4 and 5. These questions are meant to test
students’ higher-order thinking skills by working collaboratively with their peers.
3. Give students enough time to analyze the problem and work on their solution.
4. Ask each group to assign a representative to show their solution on the board and
discuss as a group how they come up with their solution.
5. Inform the student the accuracy of his answer and solution, and in the case when
there is some sort of misconception, give the student opportunity to work with
his/her peers to re-analyze the problem, and then lead them to the right direction to
find the correct answer.

Problem 4: Solve for the perimeter of parallelogram 𝑆𝑂𝐹𝑇 if

𝑆𝑂 = (𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 5) units, 𝑂𝐹 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6) units,
𝐹𝑇 = (2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 7) units, and 𝑇𝑆 = (4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5) units.

Solution/Explanation: 1. Draw the figure and indicate the measurement.

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

2. Identify the property of parallelogram that must be

used to solve for 𝑥 and 𝑦.

We can solve for 𝑥 by utilizing Property 2 of a

parallelogram. It states that the opposite sides of a
parallelogram are congruent. Thus, in the given
parallelogram, we can conclude that 𝑆𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ and
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑇𝐹
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅.
𝑂𝐹 ≅ ̅𝑆𝑇

Since these segments are congruent, then it follows

that their measures are equal.

𝑆𝑂 = 𝑇𝐹
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 5 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 7
−𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2

𝑂𝐹 = 𝑆𝑇
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6 = 4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5
−3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −1
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1

𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2
Then, we solve the system { by
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1
elimination.

Multiply the first equation by −2 and add the two

equations.
−2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4
{
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1
{−2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5

Substitute the value of 𝑥 to either one of the

equations to find 𝑦.

𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2
5 − 𝑦 = −2
−𝑦 = −7
𝑦=7

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

3. Substitute the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦 to solve for the length

of each side.
𝑆𝑂 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 5
= 5 + 2(7) + 5
= 5 + 14 + 5
= 24

𝑂𝐹 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6
=5+7+6
= 18

𝐹𝑇 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 7
= 2(5) + 7 + 7
= 24

𝑆𝑇 = 4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5
= 4(5) − 7 + 5
= 20 − 7 + 5
= 18

4. Solve for the perimeter of parallelogram 𝑆𝑂𝐹𝑇.

Add all the measures of the sides of the parallelogram

to determine its perimeter.

Perimeter 𝑆𝑂𝐹𝑇 = 𝑆𝑂 + 𝑂𝐹 + 𝐹𝑇 + 𝑆𝑇
= 24 + 18 + 24 + 18
= 84

Therefore, the perimeter of parallelogram 𝑆𝑂𝐹𝑇 is 𝟖𝟒 units.

Problem 5: The shape of a certain lot is a parallelogram. Marco and

Carmen walked towards the diagonal pathway. They walk
halfway at 14-m and 20-m mark, respectively, and meet at a
right angle. What is the area of the lot?

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Solution/Explanation: 1. Draw and name the figure and indicate the

measurement based on the problem.

Let us illustrate the ground as parallelogram

𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷. Since Marco and Carmen traveled 14 meters
and 20 meters respectively, let us label that in the
figure.

The resulting figure would be:

2. Identify the property of parallelogram that can be

used to find its area.

Recall Property 6 of a parallelogram. It states that a

diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two
congruent triangles. From the figure, we can see that
the diagonal ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 divides it into two congruent
triangles ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐷𝐵. If we can solve for the areas
of any of these triangles, we can determine the area
of the entire parallelogram.

Then, by applying Property 5 of a parallelogram, we

can get the measures of ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑇 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑇. It states that
diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. Thus,
in the given parallelogram, we can conclude that
̅̅̅̅ 𝐷𝑇 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑇 ≅ ̅̅̅̅ 𝐶𝑇.
𝐴𝑇 ≅ ̅̅̅̅

24
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Since these segments are congruent, then it follows

that their measures are equal. Thus, 𝐵𝑇 = 20 units
and 𝐶𝑇 = 14 units.

The new figure would be:

3. Solve for the area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷.

Take a look at ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷. We can see that the base is 𝐵𝐷,

and the height is 𝐴𝑇.

To solve for the measure of 𝐵𝐷, we add the measures

of 𝐵𝑇 and 𝐷𝑇.
𝐵𝐷 = 𝐵𝑇 + 𝐷𝑇
= 20 + 20
= 40

Then, the area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 is given by

1
Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 = (𝐵𝐷)(𝐴𝑇)
2
1
= (40)(14)
2
1
= (560)
2
= 280

4. Solve for the area of the parallelogram 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷.

Since ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 and ∆𝐶𝐷𝐵 are congruent, we can multiply

25
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

the area of one triangle by 2 to solve for the area of

parallelogram 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷.

Area of 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 2 ⋅ Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷

= 2 ⋅ 280
= 560

Then, the area of parallelogram 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is 560 square

meters.

Since parallelogram 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 represents the ground, it means

that the area of the lot is 𝟓𝟔𝟎 sq. m.

Performance Assessment

This performance assessment serves as formative assessment, divided into three sets
based on student’s level of learning. See next pages for separate printable worksheets.
• Worksheet I (for beginners)
• Worksheet II (for average learners)
• Worksheet III (for advanced learners)

Teacher’s Notes
For a standard performance assessment regardless of the student’s level of learning, you
may give the problem items provided in the Check Your Understanding section of the study
guide.

26
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
Worksheet I

A. Analyze and solve the following word problems. (20 points)

1. In parallelogram 𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌, 𝑚∠𝐶 = (𝑥 + 40)° and 𝑚∠𝐴 = (2𝑥 + 10)°. Solve for the
following:

a. value of 𝑥 b. 𝑚∠𝐶

c. 𝑚∠𝐴 d. 𝑚∠𝐿

2. In parallelogram 𝐷𝑅𝐴𝑊, diagonals 𝐴𝐷

̅̅̅̅ and 𝑅𝑊
̅̅̅̅̅ meet at 𝑂. If 𝑅𝑂 = (2𝑥 − 3) units
and 𝑂𝑊 = (3𝑥 − 12) units, solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑥 b. 𝑅𝑂

c. 𝑊𝑂 d. 𝑅𝑊

3. The perimeter of parallelogram 𝐶𝑂𝐿𝐷 is 82 units. If 𝐶𝑂 = (2𝑚 + 3) units and

𝐶𝐷 = (𝑚 + 8) units, solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑚 b. 𝑂𝐿

c. 𝐿𝐷 d. 𝐶𝐷

27
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
4. The diagonals of parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 meet at 𝑋 where m∠𝑃𝑋𝑄 = 90°. If
𝑃𝑋 = (𝑎 + 1) units, 𝑅𝑋 = (2𝑎 − 5) units, and 𝑋𝑆 = 10 units, solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑎 b. 𝑆𝑄

c. 𝑅𝑃 d. area of parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆

5. In parallelogram 𝐶𝑂𝑅𝐾, 𝐶𝑂 = (𝑥 + 5) units, 𝑅𝑂 = (𝑦 + 3) units, 𝐾𝑅 = (4𝑥 − 1) units,

and 𝐶𝐾 = (3𝑦 + 1) units. Solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑥 b. value of 𝑦

c. 𝐾𝑅 d. perimeter of parallelogram 𝐶𝑂𝑅𝐾

28
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
Worksheet II

A. Analyze and solve the following word problems. (20 points)

1. In parallelogram 𝑀𝑂𝑅𝐸, 𝑚∠𝑀 = (4𝑛 − 99)° and 𝑚∠𝐸 = (𝑛 + 59)°. Solve for the
following:

a. value of 𝑛 b. 𝑚∠𝑀

c. 𝑚∠𝑅 d. 𝑚∠𝑂

2. In parallelogram 𝐼𝐶𝐸𝐷, 𝐼𝐷 = (𝑥 + 10) units, 𝐼𝐶 = (2𝑥 + 6) units, and

𝐶𝐸 = (3𝑥 − 20) units. Solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑥 b. 𝐼𝐷

c. 𝐷𝐸 d. perimeter of parallelogram 𝐼𝐶𝐸𝐷

3. 𝑃𝑂𝑅𝐾 is a parallelogram whose diagonals meet at 𝑇. If 𝐾𝑇 = (2𝑥 − 76) units and

𝑂𝐾 = (123 − 𝑥) units, solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑥 b. 𝐾𝑇

c. 𝑇𝑂 d. 𝑂𝐾

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 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
4. In parallelogram 𝑀𝐸𝐿𝑇, 𝑀𝐿
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑇𝐸
̅̅̅̅ meet at 𝑃 and 𝑚∠𝑀𝑃𝐸 = 90°. If
𝑇𝐸 = (3𝑦 − 14) units, 𝑀𝑃 = (𝑦 − 3) units, and 𝑀𝐿 = (3𝑦 − 24) units, solve for the
following:

a. value of 𝑦 b. 𝑀𝐿

c. 𝑇𝐸 d. area of parallelogram 𝑀𝐸𝐿𝑇

5. Arnel’s farm is in the shape of a parallelogram where none of the corners form
right angles. The longer side of his farm is 11 m longer than twice the shorter side
while the side opposite the longer side is 9 m shorter than thrice its adjacent side.
What is the perimeter of Arnel’s farm?

Solution and answer:

30
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
Worksheet III

A. Analyze and solve the following word problems. (20 points)

1. In parallelogram 𝐷𝑅𝑂𝑃, 𝑚∠𝐷 = (2𝑦 + 20)°, 𝑚∠𝑅 = (𝑦 − 5)°, 𝑚∠𝑃 = (2𝑥 + 20)°, and
𝑚∠𝑂 = (10𝑥 − 20)°. Solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑥 b. value of 𝑦

c. 𝑚∠𝐷 d. 𝑚∠𝑃

𝑥
2. In parallelogram 𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐾, 𝑀𝐾 = (2 + 6) units, 𝑀𝐴 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2) units, 𝐴𝑆 = (𝑥 + 4)
units, and 𝐾𝑆 = (3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 21) units. Solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑦 b. 𝐾𝑆

c. 𝑀𝐾 d. perimeter of parallelogram 𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐾

3. In parallelogram 𝑇𝑅𝑂𝑌, ̅̅̅̅

𝑇𝑂 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑅 meet at 𝐾. If 𝐾𝑌 = (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2) units and
𝑌𝑅 = (2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6) units, solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑥 b. length of ̅̅̅̅

𝑌𝐾

c. length of ̅̅̅̅
𝐾𝑅 d. length of ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑌

31
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
4. The area of parallelogram 𝐵𝑈𝑅𝑁 with 𝐵𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ is 352 square units. The diagonals
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝑁𝑈
intersect at point 𝑇. If 𝑇𝑁 = (5𝑥 + 1) units, 𝑁𝑈 = (3𝑥 + 23) units, and
𝑇𝑅 = (8𝑦 − 5) units, solve for the following:

a. value of 𝑥 b. value of 𝑦

c. 𝑁𝑈 d. 𝐵𝑅

5. Two boats A and B start at the same position and sail in different directions. Boat
A sails due East while boat B sails due Northeast at an angle of (4𝑥 + 4)°. After
sailing a certain distance, boat A sails due Northeast at the same angle that boat
B travel, while boat B sail due East forming an angle of (7𝑥 + 11)° from the
previous path. At what angle will the two boats meet?

Solution and answer:

32
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
Answer Key

Worksheet I

A. 1. a. 𝑥 = 30
b. 70°
c. 70°
d. 110°
2. a. 𝑥 = 9
b. 15 units
c. 15 units
d. 30 units
3. a. 𝑚 = 10
b. 18 units
c. 23 units
d. 18 units
4. a. 𝑎 = 6
b. 20 units
c. 14 units
d. 140 square units
5. a. 𝑥 = 2
b. 𝑦 = 1
c. 7 units
d. 22 units

Worksheet II

A. 1. a. 𝑛 = 44
b. 77°
c. 77°
d. 103°
2. a. 𝑥 = 15
b. 25 units
c. 36 units
d. 122 units

33
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9
3. a. 𝑥 = 55
b. 34 units
c. 34 units
d. 68 units
4. a. 𝑦 = 18
b. 30 units
c. 40 units
d. 600 square units
5. 142 m

Worksheet III

A. 1. a. 𝑥 = 15
b. 𝑦 = 55
c. 130°
d. 50°
2. a. 𝑦 = 9
b. 15 units
c. 8 units
d. 46 units
3. a. 𝑥 = −1
b. 6 units
c. 6 units
d. 12 units
4. a. 𝑥 = 3
b. 𝑦 = 2
c. 32 units
d. 22 units
5. 64°

34
 Unit 6: Parallelograms • Grade 9

Synthesis

Wrap-up To summarize the lesson, ask students the following

questions:
1. How do you use the properties of parallelograms in
solving quantities involving them?
2. Can you determine the measure of all parts of a
parallelogram given the measure of its sides and
angles? Why do you think so?

Application and Values To integrate values and build connection to the real world,
Integration ask students the following questions:
1. Do the properties of parallelograms help you in
solving real-life word problems? In what way?
2. In what other real-life situations can we use the
properties of parallelograms?

Bridge to the Next Topic To spark interest for the next lesson, ask students the
following questions:
1. Why do you think are squares, rhombuses, and
rectangles called special kinds of rectangles?
2. What properties do we need to observe to say that a
certain figure is a parallelogram?

Bibliography
Byant, Merden L., et. al. Mathematics Learner’s Module for Grade 9. Manila: FEP Printing
Corp., 2017

Mark Karadimos. “Properties of Parallelograms.” Math Guide. Retrieved 30 May 2019 from
http://www.mathguide.com/lessons3/Parallelograms.html.

“Properties of Parallelograms.” Wyzant. Retrieved 30 May 2019 from

https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/math/geometry/quadrilaterals/properti
es_of_parallelograms.

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