TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.

College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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CASE PRESENTATION

IRON DEFICIENCY
ANEMIA(IDA)

Members:
Sambajon, Jomari
Seroma, Sandra
Tarog, Marjorie

Part I: Introduction

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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RATIONALE

The nursing student researchers choose the case of this patient as a diagnosed with
IDA (Iron Deficiency Anemia) As student nurses and healthcare providers it is
important to coordinate in communicate with the patients and families to tailor the
treatment of each patient's condition that will lead to healthy well-being the patient's
data collection from the subjective to objective data will help identify the steps or
procedures to form a plan of care and treatment for the patient.This case study
explores the understanding, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies for
IDA (Iron Deficiency Anemia). it provides information that will help the healthcare
provider to know the importance of an accurate care plan and treatment.

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia where the body lacks sufficient
iron, leading to inadequate production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen
throughout the body this results in symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, pale
skin, and can be caused by factors like blood loss, poor dietary intake, or impaired
iron absorption, and is usually treatable with iron supplements.

Cause:Insufficient iron levels in the body, preventing the proper production of

hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells.

Symptoms:Fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches,

cold hands and feet.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE STUDY

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common nutritional deficiency that approximately

affects 1.6 billion people worldwide. It's most prevalent in children under five,
adolescent girls and women, and pregnant women. IDA affects around 25% of the
global population, with higher rates in developing country. The World Health
Organization (WHO) estimates that IDA affects 30% of the world's population. IDA
is responsible for half of the world's anemia cases. The prevalence of IDA varies by
region, with the highest rates in Africa and South Asia. IDA is most prevalent among
children under 5 years (47.4%) and women of reproductive age (30.2%).Women are
more affected than men due to menstrual blood loss and pregnancy IDA is more
common in low-income and middle-income countries.

Part II

Patient’s Profile

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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Name: L.J

Age: 74

Sex: Male

Room no: 326

Address: P2 B40, Cruzada, Legazpi City

Admission date and time: February 3, 2025/10:30 AM

History of Illness

Chief Complaint: dizziness

Present Medical history: onset of dizziness accompanied by sudden loss of

conscious as verbalized by kin and was then discharge with take home meds. In the
meantime, noted again with dizziness with body weakness.

Past Surgical Hisotry: No significant past surgeries documented.

Part III: Pathophysiology

Part III: Pathophysiology

Precipitating Factors - Inadequate Iron intake and faulty diet

-Blood Loss
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Iron in the body is used up Decreased intake of iron rich foods, w/ blood
 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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Part IV: Disease Condition

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a type of anemia where your blood doesn't have
enough healthy red blood cells because of a lack of iron. Red blood cells carry
oxygen throughout your body. Without enough iron, your body can't make enough
hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen. This leads to less
oxygen reaching your organs and tissues.

Causes

IDA happens when your body doesn't have enough iron to make enough hemoglobin.
Several things can cause this:

- Not enough iron in your diet: This is common, especially among people who don't
eat enough iron-rich foods like red meat, beans, and leafy green vegetables.

- Blood loss: This is a major cause in adults. It can be from:

*Heavy menstrual bleeding (in women)

*Internal bleeding (from ulcers, colon polyps, or cancer)

*Regular blood donations

- Poor iron absorption: The body might not absorb iron from food well enough due to
certain medical conditions or medications.

- Increased iron needs: Pregnant women and growing children need more iron than
usual.

Signs and Symptoms

- Fatigue and weakness: Feeling tired all the time is a major symptom.

- Pale skin: Your skin might look paler than usual.

- Shortness of breath: You might feel breathless even with light activity.

- Dizziness or lightheadedness: This is the chief complaint of Mr. Llaguno.

- Headache: Frequent headaches can also occur.

- Cold hands and feet: Your extremities might feel colder than normal.

- Brittle nails: Your nails might become brittle and break easily.

- Chest pain: In severe cases, chest pain can occur due to lack of oxygen.

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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Diagnostic Evaluation

- Complete blood count (CBC): This blood test measures the number of red blood
cells, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in your
blood). Low levels indicate anemia.

- Serum iron levels:This test measures the amount of iron in your blood. Low levels
suggest iron deficiency.

- Ferritin levels: Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in your body. Low ferritin levels
indicate low iron stores.

- Transferrin saturation: This test measures how much iron is bound to transferrin, a
protein that transports iron in your blood. Low saturation suggests iron deficiency.

- Stool tests: To check for blood in the stool, which could indicate internal bleeding.
This is important to rule out other causes of anemia.

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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Part V: Nursing Care Plan NURSING CARE PLAN
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTIONS RATIONALE EVALUATION
SUBJECTIVE: Activity intolerance  The patient will 1. Monitor vital signs (heart rate, Provides baseline data Partially Met
related to iron demonstrate improved respiratory rate, blood pressure, and detects changes in the
"Palaging pagod at hirap deficiency anemia activity tolerance oxygen saturation) regularly, at patient's condition. The patient reported a
huminga" as verbalized as evidenced by  Patient will report least every 4 hours. significant decrease in
by the patient. fatigue, and decreased fatigue. Determines the patient's fatigue and dizziness. He
shortness of breath.  Patient will participate in 2. Assess the patient's activity ability to perform ADLs participated in ADLs with
activities of daily living tolerance by observing their and guides activity minimal assistance. His
OBJECTIVE: (ADLs) with minimal ability to perform ADLs, such as planning. vital signs remained
walking.
assistance. stable within normal
Vital Signs: Conserves energy and
 Patient's vital signs will limits. He exhibited
3. Assist the patient with ADLs as prevents further fatigue.
remain within normal improved respiratory
needed, providing support and
Temperature: 36.3°C limits. function with a decrease
encouragement. Allows the body to
Respiratory Rate: 20  Patient will exhibit in shortness of breath.
conserve energy and
breaths per minute Pulse improved respiratory 4. Encourage the patient to take improve oxygenation.
Rate: 62 beats per function (e.g., decreased frequent rest periods throughout
minute shortness of breath). the day, especially after Early detection allows for
Blood Pressure: 130/80 activities. prompt intervention and
mmHg prevents complications.
Oxygen Saturation: 99% 5. Monitor for signs and
Observation: Pale nail symptoms of anemia, such as Replenishes iron stores
beds fatigue, shortness of breath, and and improves the oxygen-
dizziness. carrying capacity of the
blood.
6. Administer prescribed iron
supplements as ordered, Improves nutritional
following appropriate intake and helps prevent
administration guidelines. future episodes of anemia.

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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7. Provide dietary teaching on Early detection allows for

iron-rich foods, such as red meat, prompt intervention and
spinach, beans, and fortified prevents complications.
cereals.
8. Monitor for side effects of iron Ensures patient
supplements, such as compliance and improves
constipation, nausea, and treatment outcomes.
abdominal pain.
Helps prevent
9. Educate the patient about the constipation, a potential
10. Encourage the patient to side effect of iron
drink plenty of fluids throughout supplements.
the day.

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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Part VI : Medication

MEDICATION

Name of Drug Dose/Route Classification Action Side effect Nursing

responsibilities
Betahistine 24mg orally, twice Histamine analog, · Improves blood flow Common: Headache, Monitor for
daily (BID). antivertigo agent. in the inner ear by nausea, upset stomach, improvement in
acting on histamine bloating. dizziness and balance
receptors, reducing issues.
Rare: Allergic
excess fluid buildup.
reactions, difficulty Assess for side effects
· Helps relieve breathing, palpitations. (nausea, headaches).
symptoms of vertigo,
Instruct the patient to
tinnitus, and balance
take with food if
disorders associated
gastric irritation
with Ménière’s disease.
occurs.

Caution in patients with

asthma, peptic ulcers,
or hypotension.

Educate the patient to

continue taking the
medication as
prescribed, even if
symptoms improve.

FeSO4 (Ferrous 325mg orally, once Iron supplement, Replenishes iron Common: Administer on an

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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Sulfate) daily (OD). hematinic. stores in the body, Constipation, dark empty stomach for
increasing hemoglobin stools, nausea, better absorption, but
production and stomach pain. can be taken with food if
improving oxygen GI upset occurs.
transport in red blood Rare: Iron overload,
allergic reactions. Avoid taking with dairy,
cells.
tea, coffee, or calcium-
Prevents and treats rich foods, as they
iron deficiency reduce absorption.
anemia. Encourage vitamin C
intake (e.g., citrus
fruits) to enhance iron
absorption.

Monitor for signs of

overdose (severe
stomach pain, vomiting,
bloody stools).

Educate the patient

about possible dark
stools (a normal side
effect) and ways to
manage constipation,
like increasing fiber and
fluid intake.

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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Part VII: Health Education

Health education on iron deficiency anemia is essential because it helps prevent

complications, promotes early detection, and improves overall health. By educating
individuals on the importance of a balanced diet rich in iron, people can adopt
healthier eating habits and reduce the risk of anemia. Early recognition of symptoms
such as fatigue, pale skin, and dizziness encourages timely medical intervention,
preventing severe complications. By making these lifestyle changes, adhering to
dietary modifications, attending follow-up appointments, and following your
healthcare provider’s guidance on medication and monitoring, you can better manage
iron deficiency anemia and improve your quality of life.

1. Lifestyle Changes:

- Increase Physical Activity: Engage in light to moderate exercise (as advised by the
doctor) to boost overall health and energy levels.

- Manage Stress: Practice stress-reduction techniques like meditation, or deep

breathing exercises to support general well-being.

- Adequate Sleep: Ensure sufficient rest to allow the body to recover and manage
fatigue, a common symptom of anemia.

- Hydration: Drink plenty of water unless fluid restriction is recommended by the

healthcare provider.

2. Dietary Modifications:

- Iron-Rich Foods: Incorporate both heme iron (from lean meats like poultry and
beef) and non-heme iron (from plant-based foods like leafy greens, beans, tofu).

- Avoid Seafood: Since the patient has a seafood allergy, all seafood, including fish
and shellfish, should be strictly avoided.

- Vitamin C for Better Absorption: Combine iron-rich meals with vitamin C(found
in citrus fruits, bell peppers, and tomatoes) to enhance iron absorption.

- Limit Sodium: Stick to a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and prevent
further complications.

- Healthy Fats: Focus on low-fat sources like olive oil, avocado, and nuts. Avoid
fried and processed foods high in saturated fats.

- Fiber-Rich Foods: Include whole grains (brown rice, oats), vegetables (broccoli,
carrots), and fruits (apples, berries) to support digestive health and overall wellness.

Page 11 of 17
 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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3. Importance of Follow-Up Appointments

- Regular Check-ups: Keep all scheduled follow-up appointments with your

healthcare provider to monitor iron levels, overall health, and response to treatment.

- Adjustments to Treatment: Follow-up visits allow for adjustments in medication,

diet, or supplements based on progress.

- Early Detection of Complications: Continuous monitoring helps identify any

potential complications of iron deficiency anemia early (such as heart problems or
fatigue), enabling prompt treatment.

4. Medication Adherence:

- Take Medications as Prescribed: Adhere strictly to the prescribed medications

(like iron supplements, vitamin C, or any other medication) to ensure proper treatment
and recovery.

- Avoid Self-Medicating: Do not alter the dosage or stop medications without

consulting your healthcare provider.

- Side Effects: If the patient experience side effects (like constipation from iron
supplements), inform a doctor for possible adjustments.

5. Monitor for Complications:

- Watch for Symptoms: Be alert to worsening symptoms such as increased fatigue,

dizziness, shortness of breath, or swelling, which may indicate complications like
fluid overload or worsening anemia.

-Report Changes: Notify a healthcare provider of any new symptoms or significant

changes in patient’s health.

1. Assessment and Goal:

Assessment:

- Chief Complaint: Dizziness likely related to iron deficiency anemia.

- Medical History: Iron deficiency anemia, body weakness, and dizziness.

- Current Condition: The patient has shown improvement in dizziness and iron levels
(pending test results), but continues to need support for managing symptoms and
preventing further complications.

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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Part IX: Discharge Plan

1. Assessment and Goal:

Assessment:

- Chief Complaint: Dizziness likely related to iron deficiency anemia.

- Medical History: Iron deficiency anemia, body weakness, and dizziness.

- Current Condition: The patient has shown improvement in dizziness and iron levels
(pending test results), but continues to need support for managing symptoms and
preventing further complications.

- Dietary Needs: Requires adherence to a low-sodium, low-fat diet and iron-rich

foods, with strict avoidance of seafood.

- Medications: The patient has been prescribed Betahistine 24mg (BID) for dizziness
and FeSO4 (ferrous sulfate 325mg, OD) for iron deficiency.

- Goals:

- Short-Term Goal: Improve iron levels and resolve dizziness. Prevent further
episodes of dizziness and fatigue related to anemia.

- Long-Term Goal: Ensure effective management of iron deficiency anemia to

maintain normal iron levels, and prevent complications.

- Dietary Goal: Educate the patient on iron-rich, low-sodium, low-fat foods while
avoiding seafood. Promote adherence to a balanced diet.

- Symptom Control: Address dizziness with Betahistine and prevent future episodes.
Provide guidance on managing dizziness with lifestyle changes (hydration, rest, and
activity) and correct iron deficiency with FeSO4.

2. Discharge Destination:

- Home: The patient is stable for discharge to home with appropriate support and
monitoring.

- Ensure that home caregivers or kin are educated on the patient’s condition, dietary
needs, and medication regimen.

3. Medication Management:

- Betahistine 24mg/tab (BID):

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 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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- Indication: Betahistine is prescribed for managing dizziness related to the patient’s
symptoms.

- Dosage: 24mg twice daily (BID), with a focus on consistent use to alleviate
dizziness.

- Administration:

- Take the tablet twice a day with or without food.

- Ensure the patient or caregiver understands the importance of adhering to the

prescribed schedule

- Monitoring:

- Monitor for any side effects such as headache, nausea, or gastrointestinal upset.

- Contact the healthcare provider if dizziness persists or worsens despite

Betahistine use.

- Patient Education:

- Discuss the potential for side effects and the need for continuous treatment to
manage symptoms.

- Do not stop taking the medication abruptly without consulting the doctor.

- Monitor for any side effects (headaches, nausea) and contact a healthcare
provider if severe or persistent.

FeSO4 (Ferrous Sulfate 325mg/tab, OD):

Indication: Prescribed to treat iron deficiency anemia and improve iron levels.

Dosage: 1 tablet (325mg) once daily (OD).

Administration:

Take once daily, preferably on an empty stomach for better absorption. If stomach
upset occurs, take with food.

Avoid taking with dairy products, coffee, tea, or calcium supplements, as they can
decrease iron absorption.

Monitoring:

Monitor for common side effects like constipation, dark stools, or upset stomach.

Page 14 of 17
 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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If constipation occurs, the healthcare provider may recommend a stool softener.

Patient Education:

Take consistently to help improve iron stores.

Avoid taking iron supplements simultaneously with medications like antacids, as they
can interfere with absorption.

4. Follow-up and Monitoring:

- Follow-up Appointments:

- Schedule a follow-up visit in to check the effectiveness of Betahistine for

dizziness and reassess the patient’s iron levels.

- Blood Tests: Monitor hemoglobin, and other iron levels to ensure effective
treatment for iron deficiency anemia.

- Lifestyle and Diet Monitoring:

- Reinforce adherence to the low-sodium, low-fat diet to prevent complications.

- Track any symptoms related to dizziness, fluid retention, or fatigue and inform the
healthcare provider of any changes.

5. Patient Education:

- Iron Deficiency Anemia:

- Discuss the role of iron in energy and reducing dizziness. Emphasize the
importance of iron-rich foods (lean meats, leafy greens, fortified cereals) and vitamin
C to help with absorption.

- Dizziness and Betahistine:

- Educate the patient on how Betahistine helps manage dizziness and the importance
of consistent medication use.

- Encourage hydration, rest, and moderate activity to reduce dizziness.

- Monitoring for Side Effects:

- Explain the common side effects of Betahistine, like nausea or headaches, and
when to seek help if side effects persist or worsen.

- Watch for signs of fluid retention or worsening dizziness.

Page 15 of 17
 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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6. When to Seek Medical Attention:

- Dizziness: If dizziness becomes more severe or if new symptoms (such as fainting or

confusion) develop, seek immediate medical attention.

- Medication Concerns: If Betahistine causes significant side effects (e.g., persistent

nausea, severe headache), contact the healthcare provider for possible adjustments.

The aim of the discharge plan is to ensure the patient can safely transition to home
care, manage iron deficiency anemia with FeSO4 and Betahistine, prevent
complications related to anemia and promote long-term health through diet and
medication adherence. The plan focuses on educating the patient about proper
medication use, monitoring symptoms, and scheduling follow-up appointments to
track progress and adjust treatment as needed.

Page 16 of 17
 TANCHULING COLLEGE, INC.
College of Nursing
Imperial Court Subdivision, Phase II,
Legazpi City 4500 Philippines
Tel. # (052) 480-6106/(052) 742-0098
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