Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat

Department of Mathematics
Engineering Mathematics II (18B11MA211)
Tutorial Sheet 4

1. Classify ordinary and singular points of following differential equations about x

axis:
′′ ′ ′′ ′
(i) y − 2 (x − 1) y + 3xy = 0 (iii) 2x2 y + 7x (x + 1) y − 3y = 0
( ) ′′ ( ) ′ ( 1 ) ′′ ( ) ′ (1)
(ii) x2 − 1 y + 2x1 3 y − x−3 y=0 (iv) y + x+3 x y + x2 y = 0

2. Solve the following differential equations in series about x = 0:

′′ ′ ′′
(i) (x2 + 1) y + xy − xy = 0 (iii) y + y = 2x
′′ ′ ′′ ′
(ii) y + xy + x2 y = 0 (iv) y − 2x2 y + 4xy = 4 + 2x + x2

3. Express J 3 (x), J −3 (x), J 5 (x) and J −5 (x) in terms of sine and cosine functions.
2 2 2 2

4. Express the following in terms of J0 (x) and J1 (x)

∫ ∫
(i) J4 (x) (ii) J3 (x) dx (iii) x−3 J4 (x) dx

5. Show that
′ ∫x
(i) xJn (x) = −nJn (x) + xJn−1 (x) (iii) 0
x3 J0 (x) dx = x3 J1 (x) − 2x2 J2 (x)
(ii) 2nJn (x) = x (Jn−1 (x) + Jn+1 (x))

6. Prove that
′
(i) (2n + 1) (x2 − 1) Pn (x) = n (n + 1) (Pn+1 (x) − Pn−1 (x))
(ii) nPn (x) = (2n − 1) xPn−1 (x) − (n − 1) Pn−2 (x) , n ≥ 2

7. Obtain P1 (x) , P2 (x) and P3 (x) using Rodrigues formula and hence prove that
∫ 1
x2 P3 (x) dx = 0.
−1

8. Express the following in terms of Legendre Polynomials.

(i) x3 + 2x2 − x − 3 (ii) x4 + 3x3 − x2 + 5x − 2

9. Find the D Alembert’s solution of the one dimensional wave equation.

10. A tightly stretched flexible string with fixed end points x = 0 and x = l is initially
in a position given by u = u0 sin3 ( πx
l
). If it is released from rest from this position,
find the displacement u (x, t).
11. A tightly stretched flexible string has its ends fixed at x = 0 and x = l. At time
t = 0, the string is given a shape defined by f (x) = µx (l − x), where µ is a
constant and then released. Find the displacement u (x, t).
12. A homogeneous rod of heat conducting material of length 100cm has its ends kept
at zero temperature and its initial temperature distribution is given by
{
x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 50
u(x, 0) =
100 − x, 50 ≤ x ≤ 100
Find the temperature distribution at any time t .
2
13. Determine the solution of one dimensional heat equation ∂u ∂t
= c2 ∂∂xu2 subject to
the boundary conditions u (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0 (t > 0) and the initial condition
u (x, 0) = x, l being the length of the bar.

ANSWERS

1. (i) ordinary point

(ii) x = 0 is irregular singular point and x = −1, 1, 3 are regular singular points
(iii) x = 0 is regular singular point
(iv) x = 0 is regular singular point
( ) ( )
2. (i) a0 1 + 16 x3 − 403 5
x + . . . + a1 x − 16 x3 + 121 4
x + ...
( ) ( )
(ii) a0 1 − 121 4 1 6
x + 90 x − . . . + a1 x − 16 x3 − 401 5
x − ...
( ) ( )
(iii) a0 1 − 12 x2 + 24
1 4
x − 720
1
x6 + . . . + a1 x − 61 x3 + 120
1
x5 − . . . + 13 x3 − 60
1 5
x + ...
( ) ( )
(iv) a0 1 − 3 x − 45 x − . . . + a1 x − 6 x − 63 x − . . . + 2x + 3 x + . . .
2 3 2 6 1 4 1 7 2 1 3

√ ( ( ) √ ( )
) √ 2 ( − cos x ) √ 2 (3−x2 ) sin x 3 (3−x2 ) cos x
x − cos x , − sin x , πx − x cos x , πx
2 sin x 2 3
3. πx πx x x2 x2 + x sin x
( 48 ) ( )
x3 − x J1 (x) − x2 − 1 J0 (x)
8 24
4. (i)
(ii) − x4 J1 (x) + J0 (x) + c
[( ) ( ) ]
(iii) − x13 x82 − 1 J1 (x) − x4 J0 (x) +c
5.
6.
( ) ( )
7. P1 (x) = x, P2 (x) = 1
2 3x2 − 1 , P3 (x) = 1
2 5x3 − 3x

5 P3 (x) + 3 P2 (x) − 5 P1 (x) − 3 P0 (x)

2 4 2 7
8. (i)
35 P4 (x) + 5 P3 (x) − 21 P2 (x) + 5 P1 (x) −
8 6 2 34 32
(ii) 15 P0 (x)
9. ϕ (x + ct) + ψ (x − ct)

l ) cos( l ) −
3u0 u0
10. 4 sin( πx πct
4 sin( 3πx 3πct
l ) cos( l )

8µl2 ∑
∞
11. π3
1
(2m−1)3
sin (2m−1)πx
l cos (2m−1)πct
l
m=1
∑
∞ c(2n+1)π 2
12. 400
π2
1
(2n+1)2
sin (2n+1)πx
100 e− ( 100 ) t
n=0

2l
∑
∞
(−1)n+1 (− n2 π 2 c 2
t)
13. π n sin nπx
l e
l2
n=1